Evaluation of removal efficiency of phenol from synthetic aqueous solutions by Citrullus colocynthis seed ash

Background: Phenol is a prevalent pollutant found in many industrial wastewaters, and it is paid singular attention because of its special features like high toxicity, carcinogenic properties, and vital gathering ability that affects the health of humans and the environment. One of the most important technologies for the removal of phenol is the use of adsorbents. The current study investigated the removal of phenol from synthetic aqueous solutions using Citrullus colocynthis seed ash. Methods: This study is experimental and was conducted on a pilot scale. The efficiency of phenol removal by C. colocynthis seed ash was evaluated in a batch system, and different parameters such as initial concentration of phenol (10, 20, 50, and 80 mg/L), contact time (2, 5, 10, and 30 minutes), pH (2-12), adsorbent dose (0.5, 1, 3, 5, and 10 g/L), and temperature were studied. Excel software was used for data analysis. The adsorption process was modeled with Freundlich and Langmuir isotherms at controlled temperatures. Results: The results showed that the highest removal rate of phenol was obtained at a pH of 2 (83.4%), initial phenol concentration of 20 ppm (66.4%), adsorbent dose of 5 g/L (86.8%), and contact time of 10 minutes. The evaluation of correlation coefficients showed that the phenol adsorbed by C. colocynthis seed ash was in greater accordance with the Freundlich model than the Langmuir model. Conclusion: In general, the results of this study revealed that C. colocynthis seed ash has suitable potential for use in removing phenol from aqueous solutions on operation and practical scales due to its low cost and easy access. Keywords: Phenol, Adsorption, Citrullus colocynthi

The Study of Citrullus colocynthis Shell Ash Efficiency in Phenol Removal from Synthetic Aqueous Solution

Introduction and purpose: Phenol is one of the common pollutants found in many industrial effluents , which affects the environment and human health due to its special features like high toxicity and carcinogenic properties. The use of adsorbents is one of the most effective strategies for the  removal of phenol. In this study, we investigated the efficiency of Citrullus colocynthis shell ash as a natural adsorbent in phenol removal from aqueous solutions. Methods: This was an experimental study, where the effect of different variables such as the initial phenol concentrations (i.e., 10, 20, 50, 80, and 100 ppm), contact time (i.e., 2, 5, 10, and 30 min), adsorbent dose (i.e., 0.5, 1, 3, 5, 7, and 10 g/L) and pH (2-12) were studied. Then, the  adsorption process was described with Freundlich and Langmuir isotherms at controlled temperatures. Excel software was used for data analysis. Results: The results revealed that the highest removal rate of phenol was obtained at pH of 2 (79.8%), primary phenol concentration of 20 ppm (66.4%), adsorbent dose of 5 g/l (86.8%), and contact time of 10 minutes. Also, the correlation coefficients of isotherms (Freundlich and Langmuir) showed that phenol adsorption by Citrullus colocynthis shell ash had more accordance with the Freundlich model than the Langmuir model. Conclusion: We found that Citrullus colocynthis shell ash can be used as a lowcost and accessible adsorbent for phenol removal from aqueous solutions

Evaluation of removal efficiency of phenol from synthetic aqueous solutions by Citrullus colocynthis seed ash

Background: Phenol is a prevalent pollutant found in many industrial wastewaters, and it is paid singular attention because of its special features like high toxicity, carcinogenic properties, and vital gathering ability that affects the health of humans and the environment. One of the most important technologies for the removal of phenol is the use of adsorbents. The current study investigated the removal of phenol from synthetic aqueous solutions using Citrullus colocynthis seed ash. Methods: This study is experimental and was conducted on a pilot scale. The efficiency of phenol removal by C. colocynthis seed ash was evaluated in a batch system, and different parameters such as initial concentration of phenol (10, 20, 50, and 80 mg/L), contact time (2, 5, 10, and 30 minutes), pH (2-12), adsorbent dose (0.5, 1, 3, 5, and 10 g/L), and temperature were studied. Excel software was used for data analysis. The adsorption process was modeled with Freundlich and Langmuir isotherms at controlled temperatures. Results: The results showed that the highest removal rate of phenol was obtained at a pH of 2 (83.4%), initial phenol concentration of 20 ppm (66.4%), adsorbent dose of 5 g/L (86.8%), and contact time of 10 minutes. The evaluation of correlation coefficients showed that the phenol adsorbed by C. colocynthis seed ash was in greater accordance with the Freundlich model than the Langmuir model. Conclusion: In general, the results of this study revealed that C. colocynthis seed ash has suitable potential for use in removing phenol from aqueous solutions on operation and practical scales due to its low cost and easy acces

Phenol removal from aqueous solution using Citrullus colocynthis waste ash

Phenol is a hazardous organic chemical that introduced into the environment by industrial and pharmaceutical discharges. As a versatile option for phenol removal, adsorption would be viable if it accompanying with low cost adsorbents. This article described a natural, very cheap and local available adsorbent for phenol removal. Phenol showed a high affinity to Citrullus colocynthis waste ash which mainly composed of SiO2 (41.6%), Al2O3 (17.3%) and MgO (15.9%). Up to 70% of phenol adsorbed in the first 30 min of agitation. The phenol removal was increased by increasing adsorbent dose (0.5–10 g/L) and decreasing pH (2–12) and pollutant concentration (10–100 mg/L). The positive value of ∆H° in thermodynamic data (0.06) revealed that the process is endothermic. The high and positive value of ∆S° (13.01) and negative values of ∆G° (− 5.36 to − 7.28), showed a high affinity of phenol to the adsorbent and the spontaneous nature of the adsorption. Isotherm modelling revealed that the phenol molecules adsorbed in multilayer with the maximum adsorption capacity of 173.2 mg/g. The rate limiting step in the sorption process was chemisorption, based on the kinetic data. Keywords: Phenol, Adsorption, Citrullus colocynthis, Thermodynamic, Wate