Histone Deacetylase Activity Modulates Alternative Splicing

There is increasing evidence to suggest that splicing decisions are largely made when the nascent RNA is still associated with chromatin. Here we demonstrate that activity of histone deacetylases (HDACs) influences splice site selection. Using splicing-sensitive microarrays, we identified ∼700 genes whose splicing was altered after HDAC inhibition. We provided evidence that HDAC inhibition induced histone H4 acetylation and increased RNA Polymerase II (Pol II) processivity along an alternatively spliced element. In addition, HDAC inhibition reduced co-transcriptional association of the splicing regulator SRp40 with the target fibronectin exon. We further showed that the depletion of HDAC1 had similar effect on fibronectin alternative splicing as global HDAC inhibition. Importantly, this effect was reversed upon expression of mouse HDAC1 but not a catalytically inactive mutant. These results provide a molecular insight into a complex modulation of splicing by HDACs and chromatin modifications

Regulace alternativního sestřihu pomocí chromatinových modifikací

Alternative splicing (AS) is involved in expansion of transcriptome and proteome during cell growth, cell death, pluripotency, cell differentiation and development. There is increasing evidence to suggest that splicing decisions are made when the nascent RNA is still associated with chromatin. Here, I studied regulation of AS via chromatin modification with main focus on histone acetylation. First, we demonstrate that activity of histone deacetylases (HDACs) influences splice site selection in 700 genes. We provided evidence that HDAC inhibition induces histone H4 acetylation and increases RNA Polymerase II (RNA Pol II) processivity along an alternatively spliced element. In addition, HDAC inhibition reduces co-transcriptional association of the splicing regulator SRp40 with the target fibronectin exon. Further we showed that histone acetylation reader, Brd2 protein, affect transcription of 1450 genes. Besides, almost 290 genes change their AS pattern upon Brd2 depletion. We study distribution of Brd2 along the target and control genes and find that Brd2 is specifically localized at promoters of target genes only. Surprisingly, Brd2 interaction with chromatin cannot be explained solely by histone acetylation, which suggests that other protein-domains (in addition to bromodomains) are important for...Alternativní sestřih je jedním z mechanismů, který slouží k rozšiřování transkriptomu a proteomu v průběhu buněčného růstu, buněčné smrti, pluripotence, buněčné diferenciace a vývoje. Jak naznačují mnohé publikace, výběr sestřihového místa se odehrává v době, kdy je nascentní RNA v těsné blízkosti chromatinu. V této práci jsem se zaměřila na studium regulace alternativního sestřihu pomocí chromatinových modifikací, a to specificky na acetylaci histonů. V první práci popisujeme efekt inhibice histonových deacetyláz (HDACs), která ovlivňuje výběr sestřihového místa u ~700 genů. Ukázali jsme, že inhibice HDACs zvyšuje acetylaci na histonu H4 a posiluje procesivitu RNA polymerázy II (RNA pol II) v okolí alternativně sestřihovaného úseku. Dalším efektem inhibice HDACs je snížení asociace sestřihového faktoru SRp40, který reguluje sestřih fibronektinového alternativního exonu. Dále jsme ukázali, že Brd2 protein, který specificky váže acetylované histony, ovlivňuje transkripci 1450 genů. Po depleci Brd2 proteinu pozorujeme změnu v alternativním sestřihu u 290 genů. Na těchto a kontrolních genech jsme prozkoumali distribuci Brd2 proteinu a zjistili jsme, že Brd2 protein je lokalizován na promotorech ovlivněných genů. Dále jsme ukázali, že interakce Brd2 s chromatinem není závislá pouze na acetylovaných...Department of Cell BiologyKatedra buněčné biologieFaculty of SciencePřírodovědecká fakult

Regulation of alternative splicing via chromatin modifications

Alternative splicing (AS) is involved in expansion of transcriptome and proteome during cell growth, cell death, pluripotency, cell differentiation and development. There is increasing evidence to suggest that splicing decisions are made when the nascent RNA is still associated with chromatin. Here, I studied regulation of AS via chromatin modification with main focus on histone acetylation. First, we demonstrate that activity of histone deacetylases (HDACs) influences splice site selection in 700 genes. We provided evidence that HDAC inhibition induces histone H4 acetylation and increases RNA Polymerase II (RNA Pol II) processivity along an alternatively spliced element. In addition, HDAC inhibition reduces co-transcriptional association of the splicing regulator SRp40 with the target fibronectin exon. Further we showed that histone acetylation reader, Brd2 protein, affect transcription of 1450 genes. Besides, almost 290 genes change their AS pattern upon Brd2 depletion. We study distribution of Brd2 along the target and control genes and find that Brd2 is specifically localized at promoters of target genes only. Surprisingly, Brd2 interaction with chromatin cannot be explained solely by histone acetylation, which suggests that other protein-domains (in addition to bromodomains) are important for..