Micropropagation And Antimicrobial Activity Of Callicarpa Macrophylla (Priyangu) Against Medically Important Pathogens

Callicarpa macrophylla (Priyangu) a medicinally important plant, represents a class of herbal drug with very strong conceptual and traditional base. In present study extract of leaf, stem showed less antimicrobial activity than seed. They showed antimicrobial activity against three bacterial strains Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas and three fungal Strains Aspergillus fumigatous, Rhizopus oryzae and Aspergillus awamori. Maximum activity was observed in ethanol extract of leaf and stem, Methanol extracts of seed. Phytochemical analysis of the plant extract revealed the presence of phenol, reducing sugar, coumarin and saponins.  Micropropogation of C.macrophylla was done using stem as a explant material on MS and Woody media. Which revealed that woody media containing BAP (6-amino benzyl purine) NAA(α-napthaleneacetic acid) gave maximum proliferation  response in comparison to MS media. Plant extract (leave, stem and seed) have provide protection against RBC haemolysis and protein denaturation may act as anti-arthritic agent. We propose antiarthritic and antimicrobial activity of C.macrophylla

Rhizospheric bacteria: the key to sustainable heavy metal detoxification strategies

The increasing rate of industrialization, anthropogenic, and geological activities have expedited the release of heavy metals (HMs) at higher concentration in environment. HM contamination resulting due to its persistent nature, injudicious use poses a potential threat by causing metal toxicities in humans and animals as well as severe damage to aquatic organisms. Bioremediation is an emerging and reliable solution for mitigation of these contaminants using rhizospheric microorganisms in an environmentally safe manner. The strategies are based on exploiting microbial metabolism and various approaches developed by plant growth promoting bacteria (PGPB) to minimize the toxicity concentration of HM at optimum levels for the environmental clean-up. Rhizospheric bacteria are employed for significant growth of plants in soil contaminated with HM. Exploitation of bacteria possessing plant-beneficial traits as well as metal detoxifying property is an economical and promising approach for bioremediation of HM. Microbial cells exhibit different mechanisms of HM resistance such as active transport, extra cellular barrier, extracellular and intracellular sequestration, and reduction of HM. Tolerance of HM in microorganisms may be chromosomal or plasmid originated. Proteins such as MerT and MerA of mer operon and czcCBA, ArsR, ArsA, ArsD, ArsB, and ArsC genes are responsible for metal detoxification in bacterial cell. This review gives insights about the potential of rhizospheric bacteria in HM removal from various polluted areas. In addition, it also gives deep insights about different mechanism of action expressed by microorganisms for HM detoxification. The dual-purpose use of biological agent as plant growth enhancement and remediation of HM contaminated site is the most significant future prospect of this article

The Retrotranslocation Protein Derlin-1 Binds Peptide:N-Glycanase to the Endoplasmic Reticulum

The deglycosylating enzyme, peptide:N-glycanase, acts on misfolded N-linked glycoproteins dislocated from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to the cytosol. Deglycosylation has been demonstrated to occur at the ER membrane and in the cytosol. However, the mechanism of PNGase association with the ER membrane was unclear, because PNGase lacked the necessary signal to facilitate its incorporation in the ER membrane, nor was it known to bind to an integral ER protein. Using HeLa cells, we have identified a membrane protein that associates with PNGase, thereby bringing it in close proximity to the ER and providing accessibility to dislocating glycoproteins. This protein, Derlin-1, has recently been shown to mediate retrotranslocation of misfolded glycoproteins. In this study we demonstrate that Derlin-1 interacts with the N-terminal domain of PNGase via its cytosolic C-terminus. Moreover, we find PNGase distributed in two populations; ER-associated and free in the cytosol, which suggests the deglycosylation process can proceed at either site depending on the glycoprotein substrate

On Sensitivity of Deep Learning Based Text Classification Algorithms to Practical Input Perturbations

Text classification is a fundamental Natural Language Processing task that has a wide variety of applications, where deep learning approaches have produced state-of-the-art results. While these models have been heavily criticized for their black-box nature, their robustness to slight perturbations in input text has been a matter of concern. In this work, we carry out a data-focused study evaluating the impact of systematic practical perturbations on the performance of the deep learning based text classification models like CNN, LSTM, and BERT-based algorithms. The perturbations are induced by the addition and removal of unwanted tokens like punctuation and stop-words that are minimally associated with the final performance of the model. We show that these deep learning approaches including BERT are sensitive to such legitimate input perturbations on four standard benchmark datasets SST2, TREC-6, BBC News, and tweet_eval. We observe that BERT is more susceptible to the removal of tokens as compared to the addition of tokens. Moreover, LSTM is slightly more sensitive to input perturbations as compared to CNN based model. The work also serves as a practical guide to assessing the impact of discrepancies in train-test conditions on the final performance of models.Comment: Accepted at Computing Conference 202

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Not AvailableExploring cold habitats offers untapped sites for screening and harnessing potential/novel psychrotrophic microbes bestowed with the characteristic to grow near 0 C and optima lying in mesophilic range. These microbes are of great commercial importance and find multiple uses in different areas such as industries, pharmaceuticals, and agriculture as they are potential producers of enzymes, peptides, biodetergents, antibiotics and acquire multiple plant growth-promoting traits. Utility of such cold-active microbial strains is of immense need for high altitude agroecosystems due to the unique climatic conditions. Hence, it is crucial to identify, characterize, and conserve these beneficial microbes that maintain their functional properties under cold temperature conditions. This chapter is likely to provide some more insights into the recent developments associated with improvement and large-scale production of psychrotolerant microbes as well as scaling up for commercial production.Not Availabl

Glaucoma Screening Through Level Set for Optic Disc Segmentation and Textural Features for Classification

International audienc

Potassium Solubilization and Mobilization: Functional Impact on Plant Growth for Sustainable Agriculture

Not AvailableTo attain the sustained agriculture production, soil fertility, and its nutrient status should be optimal. Potassium is a crucial component of plant nutrition package that also limits crop quality and yield. Despite the sufficient level of K in soil, its deficiency is mainly because of inefficient utilization of different available forms by plants. The occurrence of potassium in complex mineral forms hinders its utility for plant growth. The plants have to face numerous deficiency symptoms due to unavailability of sufficient potassium required for their metabolism, which checks the productivity of crop. The potassium-solubilizing bacteria act as biofertilizers and can provide a sustainable solution to mineral deficiency in plants. Plant growth promoting (PGP) bacteria can help in K solubilization in soil due to their versatile requirement for environmental and nutritional condition. The present study focused on overview on current trends, K-solubilizing mechanism and ability for growth promotion along with their present constraint and future scope to achieve sustainable agriculture production.Not Availabl

Automatic Segmentation of Optic Disc by Gradient Minimization Based Approach

International audienc