33 research outputs found
Impact of the food safety policies on the reduction of poverty in Tunisian rural areas
The observed trend of decreasing poverty in Tunisian rural areas, where agriculture is still dominated by family and where illiteracy rate and family size are high, questions may be raised about the economic policies adopted by the state. This article puts the analyses of these policies in the framework of food safety issue as food and poverty are tightly related and as food safety objective is multi-sectorial and multi-disciplinary. In economic development plans, food safety objective took the place of self-sufficiency. The analysis of food safety policy is based on a macro-economic analysis of the offer (policies of production pricing and subsidizing, investment policies) and demand (Policies of consumption subsidies and consumer prices) as well as the policies of fight against poverty. This analysis covers two periods: before and after the economic reforms of privatization and liberalization of 1987 (PAS: Structural Adjustment Plan). The assessment of these policies shows that poverty fighting programs are numerous and rich in experiences. These policies are more and more based on assistance programs oriented toward productive actions. The liberalization and privatization efforts were reflected by better performance and competitiveness of the agricultural sector. This had a positive impact on the employment, the migration and the availability of food products in rural areas. The self targeting of the subsidies by differentiating the products reduced the budgetary cost of these transfers and enhanced the equity and the nutritional and food situation of the poor people. The higher increase in income of country people and the decrease of subsidies indicate the more and more use of income direct transfers.Poverty, rural area, structure adjustment, food safety, agricultural and food policies., Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety, Food Security and Poverty,
Participação internacional em estudos colaborativos publicados em revistas de pneumologia: onde estå o Jornal Brasileiro de Pneumologia?
Consenso brasileiro sobre bronquiectasias nĂŁo fibrocĂsticas
Bronchiectasis is a condition that has been increasingly diagnosed by chest HRCT. In the literature, bronchiectasis is divided into bronchiectasis secondary to cystic fibrosis and bronchiectasis not associated with cystic fibrosis, which is termed non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis. Many causes can lead to the development of bronchiectasis, and patients usually have chronic airway symptoms, recurrent infections, and CT abnormalities consistent with the condition. The first international guideline on the diagnosis and treatment of non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis was published in 2010. In Brazil, this is the first review document aimed at systematizing the knowledge that has been accumulated on the subject to date. Because there is insufficient evidence on which to base recommendations for various treatment topics, here the decision was made to prepare an expert consensus document. The Brazilian Thoracic Association Committee on Respiratory Infections summoned 10 pulmonologists with expertise in bronchiectasis in Brazil to conduct a critical assessment of the available scientific evidence and international guidelines, as well as to identify aspects that are relevant to the understanding of the heterogeneity of bronchiectasis and to its diagnostic and therapeutic management. Five broad topics were established (pathophysiology, diagnosis, monitoring of stable patients, treatment of stable patients, and management of exacerbations). After this subdivision, the topics were distributed among the authors, who conducted a nonsystematic review of the literature, giving priority to major publications in the specific areas, including original articles, review articles, and systematic reviews. The authors reviewed and commented on all topics, producing a single final document that was approved by consensus.Bronquiectasias tĂȘm se mostrado uma condição cada vez mais diagnosticada com a utilização da TCAR de tĂłrax. Na literatura, a terminologia utilizada separa as bronquiectasias entre secundĂĄrias Ă fibrose cĂstica e aquelas nĂŁo associadas Ă fibrose cĂstica, denominadas bronquiectasias nĂŁo fibrocĂsticas neste documento. Muitas causas podem levar ao desenvolvimento de bronquiectasias, e o paciente geralmente tem sintomas crĂŽnicos de vias aĂ©reas, infecçÔes recorrentes e alteraçÔes tomogrĂĄficas compatĂveis com a condição. Em 2010, foi publicada a primeira diretriz internacional sobre diagnĂłstico e tratamento das bronquiectasias nĂŁo fibrocĂsticas. No Brasil, este Ă© o primeiro documento de revisĂŁo com o objetivo de sistematizar o conhecimento acumulado sobre o assunto atĂ© o momento. Como para vĂĄrios tĂłpicos do tratamento nĂŁo hĂĄ evidĂȘncias suficientes para recomendaçÔes, optou-se aqui pela construção de um documento de consenso entre especialistas. A ComissĂŁo de InfecçÔes RespiratĂłrias da Sociedade Brasileira de Pneumologia e Tisiologia reuniu 10 pneumologistas com expertise em bronquiectasias no Brasil para avaliar criticamente as evidĂȘncias cientĂficas e diretrizes internacionais, assim como identificar aspectos relevantes Ă compreensĂŁo da heterogeneidade da doença bronquiectĂĄsica e a seu manejo diagnĂłstico e terapĂȘutico. Foram determinados cinco grandes tĂłpicos (fisiopatologia; diagnĂłstico; monitorização do paciente estĂĄvel; tratamento do paciente estĂĄvel; e manejo das exacerbaçÔes). ApĂłs essa subdivisĂŁo, os tĂłpicos foram distribuĂdos entre os autores, que realizaram uma revisĂŁo nĂŁo sistemĂĄtica da literatura, priorizando as principais publicaçÔes nas ĂĄreas especĂficas, incluindo artigos originais e de revisĂŁo, assim como revisĂ”es sistemĂĄticas. Os autores revisaram e opinaram sobre todos os tĂłpicos, formando um documento Ășnico final que foi aprovado por todos
Tracheobronchomalacia in a patient on invasive mechanical ventilation: the role of electrical impedance tomography in its detection and positive end-expiratory pressure titration
Corticoide sistĂȘmico como tratamento de primeira linha da hipertensĂŁo pulmonar secundĂĄria a sĂndrome POEMS
Comparison between objective measures of smoking and self-reported smoking status in patients with asthma or COPD: are our patients telling us the truth?
Effects of periodontal treatment on exacerbation frequency and lung function in patients with chronic periodontitis: study protocol of a 1-year randomized controlled trial
Impact of the food safety policies on the reduction of poverty in Tunisian rural areas
The observed trend of decreasing poverty in Tunisian rural areas, where agriculture is still dominated by family and where illiteracy rate and family size are high, questions may be raised about the economic policies adopted by the state. This article puts the analyses of these policies in the framework of food safety issue as food and poverty are tightly related and as food safety objective is multi-sectorial and multi-disciplinary. In economic development plans, food safety objective took the place of self-sufficiency. The analysis of food safety policy is based on a macro-economic analysis of the offer (policies of production pricing and subsidizing, investment policies) and demand (Policies of consumption subsidies and consumer prices) as well as the policies of fight against poverty. This analysis covers two periods: before and after the economic reforms of privatization and liberalization of 1987 (PAS: Structural Adjustment Plan). The assessment of these policies shows that poverty fighting programs are numerous and rich in experiences. These policies are more and more based on assistance programs oriented toward productive actions. The liberalization and privatization efforts were reflected by better performance and competitiveness of the agricultural sector. This had a positive impact on the employment, the migration and the availability of food products in rural areas. The self targeting of the subsidies by differentiating the products reduced the budgetary cost of these transfers and enhanced the equity and the nutritional and food situation of the poor people. The higher increase in income of country people and the decrease of subsidies indicate the more and more use of income direct transfers