Aprendizaje virtual, electrónico, a distancia y combinado postpandemia en el bachillerato general unificado del Ecuador

The objective of the research was to determine the relationship between virtual, electronic, distance and combined post-pandemic learning in the unified general high school of Ecuador; the level of the study was correlational and the design was non-experimental. With respect to the population was 1444 and the sample was 1000 students of the unified general high school of Ecuador. Through quantitative statistical analysis, it was determined that the frequency of connection to meetings is dependent on the socioeconomic situation, as well as, their impression of the quality of Internet connection does not affect attendance at virtual or distance classes. A complete understanding of virtual classes is accepted, which is reflected in the results of the analysis of variance. It was possible to verify the hypothesis, which consisted that the students will be prepared and will be able to develop virtual, electronic, distance and combined post-pandemic learning in the unified general high school of Ecuador.El objetivo de la investigación fue determinar la relación entre el aprendizaje virtual, electrónico, a distancia y combinado postpandemia en el bachillerato general unificado del Ecuador; el nivel del estudio fue correlacional y el diseño no experimental. Con respecto la población fue de 1444 y la muestra fue 1000 estudiantes de bachillerato general unificado del Ecuador. Mediante análisis estadístico cuantitativo se determinó que la frecuencia de conexión a las reuniones es dependiente de la situación socioeconómica, así como también, su impresión sobre la calidad de conexión a internet no afecta la asistencia a las clases virtuales o a distancia. Se acepta un entendimiento completo de las clases virtuales, lo que es reflejado en los resultados del análisis de varianza. Se logró comprobar la hipótesis, la cual consistía que los estudiantes estarán preparados y podrán desarrollar el aprendizaje virtual, electrónico, a distancia y combinado postpandemia en el bachillerato general unificado del Ecuador

Global economic burden of unmet surgical need for appendicitis

Background There is a substantial gap in provision of adequate surgical care in many low- and middle-income countries. This study aimed to identify the economic burden of unmet surgical need for the common condition of appendicitis. Methods Data on the incidence of appendicitis from 170 countries and two different approaches were used to estimate numbers of patients who do not receive surgery: as a fixed proportion of the total unmet surgical need per country (approach 1); and based on country income status (approach 2). Indirect costs with current levels of access and local quality, and those if quality were at the standards of high-income countries, were estimated. A human capital approach was applied, focusing on the economic burden resulting from premature death and absenteeism. Results Excess mortality was 4185 per 100 000 cases of appendicitis using approach 1 and 3448 per 100 000 using approach 2. The economic burden of continuing current levels of access and local quality was US $92 492 million using approach 1 and$73 141 million using approach 2. The economic burden of not providing surgical care to the standards of high-income countries was $95 004 million using approach 1 and$75 666 million using approach 2. The largest share of these costs resulted from premature death (97.7 per cent) and lack of access (97.0 per cent) in contrast to lack of quality. Conclusion For a comparatively non-complex emergency condition such as appendicitis, increasing access to care should be prioritized. Although improving quality of care should not be neglected, increasing provision of care at current standards could reduce societal costs substantially

Global economic burden of unmet surgical need for appendicitis

Background There is a substantial gap in provision of adequate surgical care in many low- and middle-income countries. This study aimed to identify the economic burden of unmet surgical need for the common condition of appendicitis. Methods Data on the incidence of appendicitis from 170 countries and two different approaches were used to estimate numbers of patients who do not receive surgery: as a fixed proportion of the total unmet surgical need per country (approach 1); and based on country income status (approach 2). Indirect costs with current levels of access and local quality, and those if quality were at the standards of high-income countries, were estimated. A human capital approach was applied, focusing on the economic burden resulting from premature death and absenteeism. Results Excess mortality was 4185 per 100 000 cases of appendicitis using approach 1 and 3448 per 100 000 using approach 2. The economic burden of continuing current levels of access and local quality was US $92 492 million using approach 1 and$73 141 million using approach 2. The economic burden of not providing surgical care to the standards of high-income countries was $95 004 million using approach 1 and$75 666 million using approach 2. The largest share of these costs resulted from premature death (97.7 per cent) and lack of access (97.0 per cent) in contrast to lack of quality. Conclusion For a comparatively non-complex emergency condition such as appendicitis, increasing access to care should be prioritized. Although improving quality of care should not be neglected, increasing provision of care at current standards could reduce societal costs substantially