Can social safety nets alleviate seasonal deprivation ? evidence from northwest Bangladesh

This paper examines the role of social safety-net programs in Bangladesh run by the government and nongovernmental organizations to mitigate seasonal deprivation in the country's highly vulnerable northwest region. Specifically, the paper explores whether social safety nets are limited to averting seasonal deprivation or can also address seasonality of income and employment more generally. Using a recent survey from the greater Rangpur (northwest) region, the paper finds that social safety nets have a positive effect on mitigating both seasonal and non-seasonal food deprivation. The results are robust, owing to the recent expanded coverage of social safety-net programs run by nongovernmental organizations active in the region. But given the annual recurrence of monga (seasonal food insecurity) in the northwest region owing to agricultural seasonality and an overwhelming dependence on agriculture for livelihoods, social safety nets are not a reliable tool for monga eradication. Programs are also needed to promote the income and productivity of the poor through diversification of income and employment.Safety Nets and Transfers,Rural Poverty Reduction,Food&Beverage Industry,Regional Economic Development,Housing&Human Habitats

A framework for efficient wastewater treatment and recycling systems

Water reuse / Wastewater / Recycling / Pricing / Water allocation / Cost benefit analysis / Wastewater irrigation / Developing countries / Developed countries / Case studies

Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran, Akreditasi Sekolah dan Kecerdasan Emosional terhadap Hasil Belajar Matematika Siswa Kelas VIII SMP Negeri di Kabupaten Gowa

Jenis penelitian ini adalah eksperimen semu (Quasi Experiment) untuk mengetahui perbedaan hasil belajar siswa dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe STAD dan model pembelajaran berbasis masalah serta kecerdasan emosional siswa pada SMP Negeri berakreditasi A dan berakreditasi B. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah Siswa kelas VIII SMP Negeri di Kabupaten Gowa tahun pelajaran 2014/2015. Penentuan sampel penelitian dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode cluster random sampling. Sampel yang terpilih adalah empat kelas yang dipilih dari dua Sekolah Negeri yang ada di Kabupaten Gowa, yakni SMP Negeri 2 Sungguminasa dalam hal ini berakreditasi A dan SMP Negeri 4 Sungguminasa dalam hal ini berakreditasi B. Ada dua macam variabel dalam penelitian ini, yaitu (1) variabel bebas yang terdiri atas model pembelajaran, akreditasi sekolah dan kecerdasan emosional, dan (2) variabel terikat adalah hasil belajar matematika siswa. Model pembelajaran yang dimaksud dalam penelitian ini adalah model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe STAD dan model pembelajaran berbasis masalah, akreditasi sekolah yang dimaksud adalah akreditasi sekolah A dan akreditasi sekolah B, sedangkan kecerdasan emosional yang dimaksud adalah kecerdasan emosional optimal dan kecerdasan emosional rentan. Instrumen yang digunakan  adalah angket kecerdasan emosional, dan tes hasil belajar matematika. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa  (1) skor rata-rata hasil belajar siswa di sekolah akreditasi A dan akreditasi B cenderung sama, (2) kecerdasan emosional siswa di sekolah akreditasi A mempunyai skor rata-rata yang cenderung sama pada sekolah akreditasi B berada pada kategori optimal, (3) tidak terdapat pengaruh akreditasi sekolah terhadap hasil belajar siswa, (4) terdapat pengaruh model pembelajaran terhadap hasil belajar siswa, (5) terdapat pengaruh kecerdasan emosional terhadap hasil belajar siswa, (6) tidak terdapat interaksi antara akreditasi sekolah dan model pembelajaran terhadap hasil belajar siswa, (7) tidak terdapat interaksi antara akreditasi sekolah dan kecerdasan emosional terhadap hasil belajar siswa, (8) terdapat pengaruh interaksi antara model pembelajaran dan kecerdasan emosional terhadap hasil belajar siswa kelas VIII SMP Negeri di Kabupaten Gowa

Dufour and Soret Effects on Unsteady MHD Free Convection and Mass Transfer Flow past a Vertical Porous Plate in a Porous Medium

The Dufour and Soret effects on unsteady MHD free convection and mass transfer flow past an infinite vertical porous plate embedded in a porous medium have been studied numerically. The non-linear partial differential equations, governing the problem under consideration, have been transformed by a similarity transformation into a system of ordinary differential equations, which is solved numerically by applying Nachtsheim-Swigert shooting iteration technique together with sixth order Runge-Kutta integration scheme. The effects of various parameters entering into the problem have been examined on the flow field for a hydrogen-air mixture as a non-chemical reacting fluid pair. Finally, the numerical values of local Nusselt number and local Sherwood number are also presented in tabular form

Numerical Study of the Combined Free-Forced Convection and Mass Transfer Flow Past a Vertical Porous Plate in a Porous Medium with Heat Generation and Thermal Diffusion

The problem of combined free-forced convection and mass transfer flow over a vertical porous flat plate, in presence of heat generation and thermaldiffusion, is studied numerically. The non-linear partial differential equations and their boundary conditions, describing the problem under consideration, are transformed into a system of ordinary differential equations by using usual similarity transformations. This system is solved numerically by applying Nachtsheim-Swigert shooting iteration technique together with Runge-Kutta sixth order integration scheme. The effects of suction parameter, heat generation parameter and Soret number are examined on the flow field of a hydrogen-air mixture as a non-chemical reacting fluid pair. The analysis of the obtained results showed that the flow field is significantly influenced by these parameters

Pengembangan Perangkat Pembelajaran Matematika Materi Persegipanjang dan Persegi Setting Kooperatif yang Melibatkan Teori Bruner pada Kelas VII Mts Negeri Bontotangga

This is a development research focuses on developing mathematics learning tools of cooperative setting using Bruner theory. Learning instruments on this research include students\u27 book, studens worksheet, lesson plan, learning outcomes test of students in class VIIe of MTs. Negeri Bontotangnga. It used a Thiagarajan model (4-D) which consisted of several phases, namely define, design, develop, and disseminate. The developed learning tools were validated by two experts by the result of valid and 2 observers by the result on the good category. The trial was conducted in MTs. Negeri Bontotangnga by number of students were 25 people. The result of showed that the learning tools have fulfilled the criteria of practical and was classified on good category. The field trial revealed that the learning tools have fulfilled the criteria of effective, those are: (1) mathematics learning outcomes has fulfilled the minimum mastery criteria as much 88%, and directly the classical mastery also fulfilled; (2) students\u27 activities were run as expected; (3) students\u27 responses has fulfilled the criteria of positive response. Based on thet result, it can be concluded that mathematics learning tools of cooperative setting using Bruner theory fulfilled the criteria of valid, practical, and effective

PREVALENCE OF TRICHOMONIASIS IN DOMESTIC AND WILD PIGEONS AND ITS EFFECTS ON HEMATOLOGICAL PARAMETERS

The present study was conducted to determine the prevalence of trichomoniasis and its effect on some blood parameters in pigeons. A total of 100 samples from the pigeons (50 wild and 50 domestic) were collected during the months of March and April 2005. Higher prevalence (P<0.05) was recorded in wild pigeons (60%) than in domestic pigeon (26%). The overall prevalence recorded was 43%, being non significantly higher in April (56%) than in March (30%). In infected pigeons, there was significant (P<0.05) decrease in hemoglobin concentration number of monocytes packed cell volume, body weight, than healthy birds. Likewise, the values of total leukocyte count, lymphocytes and eosinophils were higher significantly (P<0.05) in infected pigeons than the healthy ones. While, no significant difference was observed for heterophils count when infected and healthy birds were compared. It was concluded that trichomonad infection is quite common in wild, as well as in domestic, pigeons under the prevailing cage system