The Holocaust Is a Significant and Independent Risk Factor of Late-Onset Cancers: A Systematic Review of the Literature and Original Data on Jewish Israeli, Jewish Non-Israeli and Non-Jewish Non-Israeli Survivors.

BACKGROUND/AIM: Seventy-six years after Auschwitz Liberation, the Holocaust keeps on persecuting its surviving victims. As witnessed by the psychiatric and medical literature in the last decades, in fact, the Holocaust survivors (HS) appear to suffer from several Shoah-related late-onset diseases impacting their survival, such as internal illnesses and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Cancer represents a further severe pathology which seems to be connected with the Holocaust experience. Our aim was to review the existing knowledge of Holocaust-related cancer in HS in order to assess its real incidence and clinicoprognostic significance. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We systematically reviewed the literature dealing with Israeli Jewish and non-Jewish non-Israeli HS developing cancer. We also reviewed and analyzed the cancer data of noted Jewish HS not resident or having resided in Israel available as public information. RESULTS: We found 16 and 15 studies on Israeli Jews and non-Jewish non-Israeli survivors, respectively. A statistically significant association between the Holocaust and development of late-onset cancer in HS was seen in most studies with cancer adversely impacting the survival. We also selected 330 noted Jewish non-Israeli HS: genocide-related late-onset cancer resulted to be a significant and independent risk factor of poor prognosis (p<0.0001) imparting shorter survival in affected versus non-cancer subjects (57 versus 64 years, respectively, p=0.0001). CONCLUSION: Although 76 years have passed, our review shows how the Holocaust keeps on burdening its survivors. Moreover, we offered the first analysis of Jewish HS not resident or having resided in Israel in terms of genocide-related late-onset diseases focusing on cancer. Further studies on Jewish non-Israeli HS are needed in order to corroborate our findings on late-onset cancer occurring in this targeted population

Tonsillectomy as prevention of tonsil and base of tongue cancer: systematic review and meta-analysis on the immuno-oncological effect of one among the most common surgeries in the world

Otorhinolaryngology tradition is that tonsillectomy (TE) is conducted among children and adolescents for obstructive sleep apnea secondary to adenotonsillar hypertrophy and in adults for chronic disease of the tonsils and adenoids (recurrent tonsillitis). Nevertheless, over the last 50 years, we have observed a decline in TE worldwide. As a result, there is an emerging concern of a correlated possible increased risk of tonsil cancer (TC) and other subtypes of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Since the available data on such topics are limited and controversial, our aim was to elucidate the impact of TE on the incidence mainly of TC through a systematic review of the literature and a meta-analysis of the studies. After a thorough search, 7 retrospective studies were considered eligible for review and meta-analysis (MA). At MA, patients with a history of TE seem to show a reduced risk of TC but a higher predisposition for base of tongue (BOT) cancer (p[removed]95%). In future, randomized control trials will be welcome to elucidate the prophylactic role of TE against TC and its real impact on BOT cancer

Architetture d'interni

Presentazione di alcuni progetti d'\uecinterni, in cui la ricerca di atmosfere calibrate si impone nella definizione dei dettagli architettonici

Standards and Standardization: an Interdisciplinary Literature Review

Standardisation and standards are long-held and essential features of our society, but their field of study is fragmented. This paper reviews recent developments (2012-2021) of the scientific literature on standardisation and standards by adopting an interdisciplinary and systematic approach. Investigating over 1350 published papers, we analyse both their horizontal topics (theory-oriented) and vertical topics (context or the industry of application). Standards have become an ubiquitous feature of our society, and this is indeed reflected by the richness of insights and disciplinary perspectives we observe in this content analysis. Making use of a bibliometric analysis, we find that (1) especially in the last 5 years, there is a surge of studies on technical standardisation (IT & Engineering), triggered by developments such as IoT and 5G; (2) a set of classical, long-held research domains that was well established even before our time frame and continues to exist, and (3) there is an increasing focus on the role of standardisation with regard to societal impact, such as environment and sustainability. We also describe the recurring theme of the (apparent) paradoxical nature of standardisation – the problems it addresses and the challenges it creates by doing so – and the complex way standardisation relates to innovation

Excisional hemorrhoidectomy versus dearterialization with mucopexy for the treatment of grade III hemorrhoidal disease: the EMODART3 multicenter study

Background: Over the past few decades, several surgical approaches have been proposed to treat hemorrhoids. Objective: This multicenter study aimed to compare transanal hemorrhoidal artery ligation and conventional excisional hemorrhoidectomy for grade III hemorrhoidal disease. Design: Multicenter retrospective study. Settings: Any center belonging to the Italian Society of Colorectal Surgery in which at least 30 surgical procedures per year for hemorrhoidal disease were performed was able to join the study. Patients: Clinical data from patients with Goligher's grade III hemorrhoidal disease who underwent excisional hemorrhoidectomy or hemorrhoidal artery ligation were retrospectively analyzed after a 24-month follow-up period. Main outcome measures: The primary aims were to evaluate the adoption of 2 different surgical techniques and to compare them in terms of symptoms, postoperative adverse events, and recurrences at a 24-month follow-up. Results: Data from 1681 patients were analyzed. The results of both groups were comparable in terms of postoperative clinical score by multiple regression analysis and matched case-control analysis. Patients who underwent excisional hemorrhoidectomy had a significantly higher risk of postoperative complication (adjusted OR = 1.58; p = 0.006). A secondary analysis highlighted that excisional hemorrhoidectomy performed with new devices and hemorrhoidal artery ligation reported a significantly lower risk for complications than excisional hemorrhoidectomy performed with traditional monopolar diathermy. At the 24-month follow-up assessment, recurrence was significantly higher in the hemorrhoidal artery ligation group (adjusted OR = 0.50; p = 0.001). A secondary analysis did not show a higher risk of recurrences based on the type of device. Limitations: The retrospective design and the self-reported nature of data from different centers. Conclusions: Hemorrhoidal artery ligation is an effective option for grade III hemorrhoidal disease; however, it is burdened by a high risk of recurrences. Excisional hemorrhoidectomy performed with newer devices is competitive in terms of postoperative complications