30 research outputs found

    Noms vernaculaires et usages traditionnels de quelques coquillages des Marquises

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    LavondÚs Henri, Richard Georges, Salvat Bernard. Noms vernaculaires et usages traditionnels de quelques coquillages des Marquises. In: Journal de la Société des océanistes, n°39, tome 29, 1973. pp. 121-137

    Carreras políticas en la Junta Departamental de Florida : inestabilidad y amateurismo 1985-2005

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    ArtĂ­culo originalEste trabajo estudia las carreras polĂ­ticas en Florida a partir del anĂĄlisis de los integrantes de la Junta Departamental de Florida entre 1985 y 2005. El tamaño de la circunscripciĂłn departamental surge como una variable relevante a la hora de explicar el patrĂłn de carrera dominante (de tipo alternativo) orientado principalmente hacia la polĂ­tica local. Asimismo, el estudio demuestra que Florida cuenta con elenco polĂ­tico inestable, con altas tasas de retiro de la polĂ­tica y bajas tasas de buscadores de reelecciĂłn. La debilidad del sistema polĂ­tico para mantener de un cuerpo legislativo estable, combinado con una caĂ­da del nivel educativo de los miembros de la Junta, configuran un escenario caracterizado por la baja profesionalizaciĂłn de la polĂ­tica y un extendido amateurismo a en el proceso de polĂ­ticas pĂșblica

    Restauration d’une zone corallienne dĂ©gradĂ©e et implantation d'un jardin corallien Ă  Bora Bora, PolynĂ©sie française

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    The restoration of coral reef habitats by coral transplantation is a hot topic in the news toda y due to the accelerating degradation of the coral reef ecosystem all over the world. There is much discussion about research programs for the transplantation of corals and about ac tuai field realizations and the motivation for coral reef restoration. But the implementation of such a project depends on a social request considering local or global cultural and economical situations . Projects are very costly and only applicable when important economical interests are involved such as the fight against erosion or tourism development. In the lagoon of Bora Bora in French Polynesia, a fringing zone, degraded by coral sand extractions, led to an erosion of the coast damaging local private property in a sec tor weil oriented toward tourism activities. The reconstruction of this degraded site (20,000 sq.m) required physically filling up holes, implementation of spurs, and putting into place artificial concrete structures to promote the natural colonization of corals and other reef organisms in order to reduce swell impacts. The creation of a coral reef garden was also part of the project with the transplantation of corals collected in the vicinity. Fifty groups of three different types of concrete blocks have been set out on the site and six others constitute the coral reef garden on which 311 coral colonies are transplanted. Two and a half years after this restoration, the project proved to be successful. The coral reef garden flourished; it showed much diversification and little mortality among the corals colonies, and the natural colonization on the concrete substrate was teeming with corals, seaurchins, mollusks, and fishes. But thirty months later, an exceptionally violent meteorological and oceanographical situation led to a catastrophic event which caused many transplanted coral as weil as natural colonies in the vicinity to be killed off. Lagoon waters temperatures were recorded as high as 34°C and of the 311 transplanted coral colonies only 119 survived, most of them bleached or partly dead. All colonies of the genus Acropora died, while those of the genus Psammocora survived. Methods for restoration and creation of coral reef gardens are highly controlled but they cannot always escape such catastrophic events such as the one in Bora Bora in December 2001. Physical restoration was successful but the biological transplantation of corals failed. Thus, when we consider how expansive a restoration project is, it is essential to conduct an historical inquiry on a potential coral transplantation site before implementing any projectLes problĂšmes de restauration de zones coralliennes, avec transplantations de coraux, sont Ă  l'ordre du jour compte tenu de la dĂ©gradation accĂ©lĂ©rĂ©e de cet Ă©cosystĂšme Ă  la surface de la planĂšte. Les motivations des recherches dans ce domaine et celles des projets de restauration sur le terrain sont Ă©voquĂ©es. Elles rĂ©pondent Ă  une demande sociale exprimĂ©e en fonction de considĂ©rations culturelles et Ă©conomiques. Les projets sont coĂ»teux et ne peuvent concerner que des cas trĂšs limitĂ©s avec des intĂ©rĂȘts Ă©conomiques importants (lutte contre l' Ă©rosion, dĂ©veloppement du tourisme). À Bora Bora, en PolynĂ©sie française, une zone lagonaire frangeante, dĂ©gradĂ©e par des extractions de sĂ©diment corallien, provoquait une Ă©rosion littorale. Son rĂ©-amĂ©nagement comporte une restauration physique des lieux (comblement des fosses, rĂ©alisation d'Ă©pis...) et la mise en place de structures artificielles pour permettre la colonisation naturelle de coraux et autres organismes, afin de jouer le rĂŽle de brise houle. Ce projet s'accompagne de la crĂ©ation d'un jardin corallien avec structures artificielles sur lesquelles sont fixĂ©s des transplants de coraux. Deux ans et demi aprĂšs la fin des travaux, le jardin corallien affiche une communautĂ© corallienne florissante et diversifiĂ©e avec trĂšs peu de mortalitĂ© des colonies transplantĂ©es, une croissance normale et la colonisation naturelle de coraux et d'autres organismes des rĂ©cifs coralliens (oursins, mollusques, poissons). Cependant, un Ă©vĂ©nement mĂ©tĂ©orologique et ocĂ©anographique exceptionnel, trente mois aprĂšs la crĂ©ation du jardin corallien, a entraĂźnĂ© une forte mortalitĂ© des coraux transplantĂ©s comme ceux naturellement en place dans le secteur. Si les techniques nĂ©cessaires Ă  la restauration de zones dĂ©gradĂ©es et Ă  la crĂ©ation de jardins coralliens sont totalement maĂźtrisĂ©es, ces rĂ©alisations n'Ă©chappent pas aux variations temporelles des conditions de milieu qui peuvent ĂȘtre catastrophiques. Dans un tel cas, comme Ă  Bora Bora en dĂ©cembre 2001, la restauration physique reste Ă  l'actif de l'opĂ©ration, mais l'Ă©chec de la restauration biologique est Ă  noter. Une Ă©tude historique, sur plusieurs dĂ©cennies, des zones sujettes Ă  des mortalitĂ©s exceptionnelles s'impose donc avant tout choix de sites pour la rĂ©alisation de jardins coralliens dont les coĂ»ts sont trĂšs Ă©levĂ©

    Omecamtiv mecarbil in chronic heart failure with reduced ejection fraction, GALACTIC‐HF: baseline characteristics and comparison with contemporary clinical trials

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    Aims: The safety and efficacy of the novel selective cardiac myosin activator, omecamtiv mecarbil, in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) is tested in the Global Approach to Lowering Adverse Cardiac outcomes Through Improving Contractility in Heart Failure (GALACTIC‐HF) trial. Here we describe the baseline characteristics of participants in GALACTIC‐HF and how these compare with other contemporary trials. Methods and Results: Adults with established HFrEF, New York Heart Association functional class (NYHA) ≄ II, EF ≀35%, elevated natriuretic peptides and either current hospitalization for HF or history of hospitalization/ emergency department visit for HF within a year were randomized to either placebo or omecamtiv mecarbil (pharmacokinetic‐guided dosing: 25, 37.5 or 50 mg bid). 8256 patients [male (79%), non‐white (22%), mean age 65 years] were enrolled with a mean EF 27%, ischemic etiology in 54%, NYHA II 53% and III/IV 47%, and median NT‐proBNP 1971 pg/mL. HF therapies at baseline were among the most effectively employed in contemporary HF trials. GALACTIC‐HF randomized patients representative of recent HF registries and trials with substantial numbers of patients also having characteristics understudied in previous trials including more from North America (n = 1386), enrolled as inpatients (n = 2084), systolic blood pressure < 100 mmHg (n = 1127), estimated glomerular filtration rate < 30 mL/min/1.73 m2 (n = 528), and treated with sacubitril‐valsartan at baseline (n = 1594). Conclusions: GALACTIC‐HF enrolled a well‐treated, high‐risk population from both inpatient and outpatient settings, which will provide a definitive evaluation of the efficacy and safety of this novel therapy, as well as informing its potential future implementation

    Mollusques et faune benthique du lagon de Takapoto

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    Mollusques et faune benthique du lagon de Takapoto. At least 93 species of Molluscs (58 Gastropods, 34 Bivalves, 1 Cephalopod) exist within the closed lagoon of the Takapoto atoll. The distribution by biotop and by bathymetric level is studied for the most abundant species ; they are Area ventricosa, Chama imbricata and Tridacna maxima for the endofauna, Rhinoclavis fasciatus, Vexillum cadaverosum, Fragum fragum and Lioconcha philippinarum for the epifauna. The Tridacna (14 million individuals — 530 tons of living matter) and the Area (38,5 millions — 340 tons) constitute most of the exemples of the malacological fauna, but the Mother-of-pearl, Pinctada margaritifera, intensively exploited in French Polynesia, is also the subject of quantitative estimates and breeding tests. Along with Molluscs, Corals (mainly Porites, Millepora, Montipora), Echinoderms (Halodeima atra) and Crustaceas (Brachiurs) represent a significant amount of the marine Invertebrates, while the sciaphil fauna (a few species of Sponges) is scarce compared to what is located on the outer slope. In this case we have a fauna typical of a closed atoll, where the uniformity and proliferation of 2 or 3 species in each zoological phylum is opposed to heterogeneousness and wealth of species found in open lagoons like Rangiroa and Mururoa.Richard Georges, Salvat Bernard, Millous Olivier. Mollusques et faune benthique du lagon de Takapoto. In: Journal de la SociĂ©tĂ© des ocĂ©anistes, n°62, tome 35, 1979. pp. 59-68

    Noms vernaculaires et usages traditionnels de quelques coquillages des Marquises

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    LavondÚs Henri, Richard Georges, Salvat Bernard. Noms vernaculaires et usages traditionnels de quelques coquillages des Marquises. In: Journal de la Société des océanistes, n°39, tome 29, 1973. pp. 121-137

    Scottish subtlety: André Morellet's comments on the Wealth of Nations

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    The manuscripts of Andre Morellet (kept in the Municipal Library of Lyons) contain numerous notebooks in which Adam Smith's Wealth of Nations is discussed. They are an interesting but little used source for the study of the early reception of Smith's work in France. The frequent comparisons Morellet makes between Smith's views and those of contemporary French economists provide new insights into the, often subtle similarities and differences between the leading economic theorists of the second half of the eighteenth century.Smith Turgot Physiocrats,

    Restauration d’une zone corallienne dĂ©gradĂ©e et implantation d’un jardin corallien Ă  Bora Bora, PolynĂ©sie française

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    The restoration of coral reef habitats by coral transplantation is a hot topic in the news today due to the accelerating degradation of the coral reef ecosystem all over the world. There is much discussion about research programs for the transplantation of corals and about actual field realizations and the motivation for coral reef restoration. But the implementation of such a project depends on a social request considering local or global cultural and economical situations. Projects are very costly and only applicable when important economical interests are involved such as the fight against erosion or tourism development. In the lagoon of Bora Bora in French Polynesia, a fringing zone, degraded by coral sand extractions, led to an erosion of the coast damaging local private property in a sector well oriented toward tourism activities. The reconstruction of this degraded site (20,000 sq.m) required physically filling up holes, implementation of spurs, and putting into place artificial concrete structures to promote the natural colonization of corals and other reef organisms in order to reduce swell impacts. The creation of a coral reef garden was also part of the project with the transplantation of corals collected in the vicinity. Fifty groups of three different types of concrete blocks have been set out on the site and six others constitute the coral reef garden on which 311 coral colonies are transplanted. Two and a half years after this restoration, the project proved to be successful. The coral reef garden flourished ; it showed much diversification and little mortality among the corals colonies, and the natural colonization on the concrete substrate was teeming with corals, sea-urchins, mollusks, and fishes. But thirty months later, an exceptionally violent meteorological and oceanographical situation led to a catastrophic event which caused many transplanted coral as well as natural colonies in the vicinity to be killed off. Lagoon waters temperatures were recorded as high as 34 °C and of the 311 transplanted coral colonies only 119 survived, most of them bleached or partly dead. All colonies of the genus Acropora died, while those of the genus Psammocora survived. Methods for restoration and creation of coral reef gardens are highly controlled but they cannot always escape such catastrophic events such as the one in Bora Bora in December 2001. Physical restoration was successful but the biological transplantation of corals failed. Thus, when we consider how expansive a restoration project is, it is essential to conduct an historical inquiry on a potential coral transplantation site before implementing any project.Les problĂšmes de restauration de zones coralliennes, avec transplantations de coraux, sont Ă  l’ordre du jour compte tenu de la dĂ©gradation accĂ©lĂ©rĂ©e de cet Ă©cosystĂšme Ă  la surface de la planĂšte. Les motivations des recherches dans ce domaine et celles des projets de restauration sur le terrain sont Ă©voquĂ©es. Elles rĂ©pondent Ă  une demande sociale exprimĂ©e en fonction de considĂ©rations culturelles et Ă©conomiques. Les projets sont coĂ»teux et ne peuvent concerner que des cas trĂšs limitĂ©s avec des intĂ©rĂȘts Ă©conomiques importants (lutte contre l’érosion, dĂ©veloppement du tourisme). À Bora Bora, en PolynĂ©sie française, une zone lagonaire frangeante, dĂ©gradĂ©e par des extractions de sĂ©diment corallien, provoquait une Ă©rosion littorale. Son rĂ©-amĂ©nagement comporte une restauration physique des lieux (comblement des fosses, rĂ©alisation d’épis...) et la mise en place de structures artificielles pour permettre la colonisation naturelle de coraux et autres organismes, afin de jouer le rĂŽle de brise houle. Ce projet s’accompagne de la crĂ©ation d’un jardin corallien avec structures artificielles sur lesquelles sont fixĂ©s des transplants de coraux. Deux ans et demi aprĂšs la fin des travaux, le jardin corallien affiche une communautĂ© corallienne florissante et diversifiĂ©e avec trĂšs peu de mortalitĂ© des colonies transplantĂ©es, une croissance normale et la colonisation naturelle de coraux et d’autres organismes des rĂ©cifs coralliens (oursins, mollusques, poissons). Cependant, un Ă©vĂ©nement mĂ©tĂ©orologique et ocĂ©anographique exceptionnel, trente mois aprĂšs la crĂ©ation du jardin corallien, a entraĂźnĂ© une forte mortalitĂ© des coraux transplantĂ©s comme ceux naturellement en place dans le secteur. Si les techniques nĂ©cessaires Ă  la restauration de zones dĂ©gradĂ©es et Ă  la crĂ©ation de jardins coralliens sont totalement maĂźtrisĂ©es, ces rĂ©alisations n’échappent pas aux variations temporelles des conditions de milieu qui peuvent ĂȘtre catastrophiques. Dans un tel cas, comme Ă  Bora Bora en dĂ©cembre 2001, la restauration physique reste Ă  l’actif de l’opĂ©ration, mais l’échec de la restauration biologique est Ă  noter. Une Ă©tude historique, sur plusieurs dĂ©cennies, des zones sujettes Ă  des mortalitĂ©s exceptionnelles s’impose donc avant tout choix de sites pour la rĂ©alisation de jardins coralliens dont les coĂ»ts sont trĂšs Ă©levĂ©s.Salvat Bernard, Chancerelle Yannick, Schrimm Muriel, Morancy Richard, Porcher Michel, Aubanel Annie. Restauration d’une zone corallienne dĂ©gradĂ©e et implantation d’un jardin corallien Ă  Bora Bora, PolynĂ©sie française. In: Revue d'Écologie. SupplĂ©ment n°9, 2002. pp. 81-96

    Recent developments in the point wise neutron treatment for FLUKA v4

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    The present paper describes the new, original implementation of a point-wise neutron treatment that is made available with FLUKA v4.3-0 (https://fluka.cer
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