Development of an Unequal Speed Co-axial Split-Rotor Thresher for Riceit

During high moisture paddy threshing, the separation losses are generally large. However,while attempting to increase cropping intensity, it is often necessary to handle the moist paddy for threshing. Furthermore, in absence of adequate sunshine hours in wet season, crop can’t be dried to a desired moisture level before threshing. Keeping these requirements in mind, a co-axial split-rotor thresher was designed for threshing high moisture paddy. This paper describes design and testing of a stationary thresher with an unequal speed co-axial split-rotor for rice in Thailand. First rotor serves mainly the threshing operation, whereas, rotating at relatively higher speed, the second rotor does mainly the separation of rice grains from husk. Faster rotation of second rotor increases separation performance by increasing centrifugal force. Optimum speed for threshing rotor was considered to be 25 m/s (600 rpm with 0.8 m diameter threshing rotor) and a speed for separation rotor was evaluated. For better grain separation, speed of 30.2 m/s (720 rpm with 0.8 m separation rotor) was found optimum. With the material feeding rate of 0.6-1.8 kg/s, the developed co-axial split-rotor thresher reduced the separation losses to 0.7-1.3% at the separation rotor speed range of 27.4-33.5 m/s. By increasing this speed above 33.5 m/s (800 rpm) the grain damage was increased

Tensile Strength Measurement for Foundry Sand Brick

Tensile strength is an important concept in engineering, especially in the fields of material science, mechanical engineering and structural Engineering. The tensile strength of a material is the maximum amount of tensile stress that can be applied to it before it ceases to be elastic. If more force is applied the material will become plastic or even break. Passed the elastic limit, the material will not relax to its initial shape after the force is removed. See Hooke's Law and Modulus of elasticity. The tensile strength where the material becomes plastic is called yield tensile strength. This is the point where the deformation (strain) of the material is unrecovered, and the work produced by external forces is not stored as elastic energy but will lead to contraction, cracks and ultimately failure of the construction. Clearly, this is a remarkable point for the engineering properties of the material since here the construction may lose its loading capacity or undergo large deformations. On the stress-strain curve below this point is in between the elastic and the plastic region. The Ultimate Tensile Strength (UTS) of a material is the limit stress at which the material actually breaks, with sudden release of the stored elastic energy. Tensile strength is measured in units of force per unit area. In the SI system, the unit is Newton per square meter (N/m² or Pa - Pascal). The U.S customary unit is pounds per square inch (or PSI)

DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION OF BILAYER MUCOAHESIVE GASTRORETENTIVE TABLET OF DILTIAZEM HYDROCHLORIDE

Objective: The objective of present study was to formulate an oral mcoadhesive tablet of diltiazem hydrochloride. Methods: Investigate the effect of amount of HPMC K4M and sodium alginate on the sustained release and gastric residence time of dosage form. The mucoadhesive tablet prepared by direct compression method was used varying concentrations of HPMC K4M and Sodium alginate and (1:1, 1:1.5, 1:2) Drug and Polymer ratio. Results: The formulations were evaluated and results revealed that FTIR studies showed no evidence of interactions between drug and excipients used. The mucoadhesive strength, residence time and drug content of formulation F3 was found to be 26.35 ± 1.15 mg, >7.5hrs, and 98.75 ± 0.05 % respectively. The formulation F3 exhibited sustained drug release i.e. 75.71% in 12 h. The In Vitro release kinetics studies reveal that formulations fit well with zero order kinetics and mechanism of drug release is Super case II transport. Conclusion: The study was concluded that formulation of mucoadhesive tablets from the cumulative % drug release study reveals that increase in the concentration of adhesive polymers cause slow the drug release. Sustained release tablet of DTZ can be beneficial in treatment of hypertension

Assessment of Influence and Inter-Relationships of Soil Properties in Irrigated Rice Fields of Bangladesh by GIS and Factor Analysis

Rosana G. Moreira, Editor-in-Chief; Texas A&M UniversityThis is a paper from International Commission of Agricultural Engineering (CIGR, Commission Internationale du Genie Rural) E-Journal Volume 9 (2007): Assessment of Influence and Inter-Relationships of Soil Properties in Irrigated Rice Fields of Bangladesh by GIS and Factor Analysis. Manuscript LW 07 022. Vol. IX. November, 2007

Soil Reactions on the Cage Wheels with Staggered Echelons of Half-width Lugs and Perfect Chevron Lugs in Wet Clay Soil

Rosana G. Moreira, Editor-in-Chief; Texas A&M UniversityThis is a Technical Paper from International Commission of Agricultural Engineering (CIGR, Commission Internationale du Genie Rural) E-Journal Volume 5 (2003): S. Soekarno and V. Salokhe. Soil Reactions on the Cage Wheels with Staggered Echelons of Half-width Lugs and Perfect Chevron Lugs in Wet Clay Soil. Vol.V. July 2003

Studies on Machine-Crop Parameters of an Axial Flow Thresher for Threshing Soybean

Rosana G. Moreira, Editor-in-Chief; Texas A&M UniversityThis is a paper from International Commission of Agricultural Engineering (CIGR, Commission Internationale du Genie Rural) E-Journal Volume 6 (2004): A. Vejasit and V. Salokhe. Studies on Machine-Crop Parameters of an Axial Flow Thresher for Threshing Soybean. (July 2004)

Theoretical Analysis of Microscopic Forces at Soil-tool Interface: A Review

Rosana G. Moreira, Editor-in-Chief; Texas A&M UniversityThis is a paper from International Commission of Agricultural Engineering (CIGR, Commission Internationale du Genie Rural) E-Journal Volume 8 (2006): Theoretical Analysis of Microscopic Forces at Soil-tool Interface: A Review. Manuscript PM 06 010. Vol. VIII. June, 2006

Influence of Insect Screens with Different Mesh Sizes on Ventilation Rate and Microclimate of Greenhouses in the Humid tropics

Rosana G. Moreira, Editor-in-Chief; Texas A&M UniversityThis is a paper from International Commission of Agricultural Engineering (CIGR, Commission Internationale du Genie Rural) E-Journal Volume 8 (2006): Influence of Insect Screens with Different Mesh Sizes on Ventilation Rate and Microclimate of Greenhouses in the Humid tropics. Manuscript BC 05 017. Vol. VIII. January, 2006

Development of a Real-time, Variable Rate Herbicide Applicator Using Machine Vision for Between-row Weeding of Sugarcane Fields

Rosana G. Moreira, Editor-in-Chief; Texas A&M UniversityThis is a paper from International Commission of Agricultural Engineering (CIGR, Commission Internationale du Genie Rural) E-Journal Volume 8 (2006): Development of a Real-time, Variable Rate Herbicide Applicator Using Machine Vision for Between-row Weeding of Sugarcane Fields. Manuscript PM 06 009. Vol. VIII. June, 2006

Low-Altitude Remote Sensing with Unmanned Radio-Controlled Helicopter Platforms: A Potential Substitution to Satellite-based Systems for Precision Agriculture Adoption under Farming Conditions in Developing Countries

Rosana G. Moreira, Editor-in-Chief; Texas A&M UniversityThis is a paper from International Commission of Agricultural Engineering (CIGR, Commission Internationale du Genie Rural) E-Journal Volume 9 (2007): Low-Altitude Remote Sensing with Unmanned Radio-Controlled Helicopter Platforms: A Potential Substitution to Satellite-based Systems for Precision Agriculture Adoption under Farming Conditions in Developing Countries. Invited Overview. Vol. IX. September, 2007