Ukrainian Society under Conditions of Total Anomy

The presence of specific phenomena of post-soviet anomy such as the criminalization of judicial and legal system, «state capture», double institutionalization and others aggravates the condition of social disorganization of Ukrainian society. Determination of the degree of influence of anomy on society as a whole and on selected groups is the main goal of this study. The author has used a technique construction of Index of Anomic Demoralization, Cynicism Index, and two Indexes of Social Well-being on the datasets of national surveys (1992–2012) of the Institute of Sociology of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. All indexes for the entire period are quite high and they indicate the total anomy of Ukrainian society. After having analyzed the indicators of anomy in regional, age and sex, and professional and labour aspects, the author came to the following conclusions: (1) indications of anomy and cynicism are aggravated from the West to the East of the country, while the inhabitants of the Southwest and Kyiv feel less demoralized; inhabitants of the South-eastern part of Ukraine – are more demoralized; social well-being of the rural population is significantly worse than that of the inhabitants of large cities; (2) age differences as an indicator of generational change are more significant than regional, it signifies the integrity of the Ukrainian society; (3) professional and labour Ukrainians’ differences according to indicators of anomy and cynicism are the most significant. The results confirm the need to reform public institutions, the involvement of professionals in all spheres of public life

Specific phenomena of post-soviet anomy (Belarus, Russia, Ukraine)

Ключевой особенностью постсоветской аномии является тотальная деморализация населения, снижение уровня которой происходит крайне медленно, порой за счет частичного увеличения уровня аномического безразличия. В украинском и российском обществах сильнее, чем в белорусском, проявляются феномены криминализации судебно-правовой системы, «захвата государства»; во всех трех – коррумпированности социума «кругом знакомых», его ценностно-нормативной системы, а также двойной институционализации. Наличие двойного институционального пространства позволяет выжить гражданам в сложных социально-экономических условиях, тем самым легитимируя соответствующий механизм ненормативной регуляции, ставший вследствие длительного влияния аномии нормой. Это значительно усложняет процесс «излечения» обществ от недуга, несовместимого с либерально-демократическим его устройством и претендующего называться гражданским. Согласно теоретическим рассмотрениям перспективы преодоления последствий постсоветской аномии в Украине, Беларуси, России лежат в русле (1) контроля за выполнением законов и наличия равенства перед законом, (2) активизации неинституционального пространства, способного выполнять функцию соединительного моста между социумом и властью и т.д. Первое направление в большей мере зависит от политики власти, второе – требует (3) открытости социума, возможностей получения личного опыта иной его упорядоченности, иных норм и ценностей, (4) накопления «критической массы» тех, кто не желает и не следует двойным нормам и ценностям. The total demoralization of the population is a core peculiarity post-Soviet anomy reduction of which is very slow, sometimes through partial increase in the level of anomic indifference. Phenomena criminalization of judicial and legal system, «state capture» manifest in the Ukrainian and Russian societies stronger than in Belarus, phenomena corruptness society by «circle of acquaintances» and corruptness its values and norms of the system as well as a double institutionalization manifest the same in all three societies. The double institutional space allows citizens to survive in difficult socio-economic conditions, thereby legitimating the appropriate mechanism of non-normative regulation that has become the norm by prolonged influence of anomy. This is a significant increasing complexity of the process «healing» from the anomy of any society that aspire to liberal-democratic order and claims to be civil. According to theoretical considerations prospects for overcoming the consequences of the post-Soviet anomy in Ukraine, Belarus and Russia are within (1) control the implementation of laws and the availability the equality of all before the law and, (2) activation of non-institutional space that can function as a connecting bridge between the society and power, etc. The first direction depends more on authority policy, the second – requires (3) openness of society, opportunities for personal experience of another of its ordering of, of other norms and values, (4) the accumulation of a «critical mass» of those who do not want and do not live according to the double norms and values and standards

Підготовка водіїв у контексті повсякденних практик: реалії України в емпіричному вимірі

В статті акцентується увага на професійному рівні водіїв як показнику дієвості системи їх підготовки в контексті повсякденних практик. Задля соціологічного вивчення даної проблематики автор сконструювала «ідеальний тип» водія, на основі концептуальної схеми якого побудувала Індекс поведінкової культури та Індекс знання Правил дорожнього руху; аналіз результатів дослідження проведено в розрізі різних когорт і з урахуванням українських реалій інституційної трансформації.The article focuses on the professional level of drivers as an indicator the effectiveness of their training in the context of everyday practices. For sociological study of this problem has constructed by the "ideal type" of the driver, author constructed some of the indexes – Index of behavioral culture and Index knowledge of traffic rules – on the basis of the relevant the conceptual schema, the analysis results of the survey conducted in the context of different cohorts and with the Ukrainian realities of institutional transformation

The system of facial recognition in the infrared range

In this paper, a new approach is introduced upgrading the complex object recognizing monitoring system up to the image processing system capable of operating both in the visible and the infrared wavelength ranges. For this purpose, both new algorithmic software and user interface are provided that require from the operator neither special knowledge, nor specific competencies in the fields of object detection, tracking and recognition, while allowing determining the thermal imager parameters necessary for constructing a high-quality image of an object. There are formulated the conditions required for obtaining such image that, by its quality, would make the satisfactory detection of the desired object possible. By means of the conducted tests, it is demonstrated that the application of the proposed mathematical and algorithmic support of the complex monitoring and control system provides the solution for the problem of the highly accurate individual recognition

"Children loci" construction in the Soviet city of 1917-1927

This article presents some of the approaches to the childhood history research through the urban history studies. Special attention is devoted to the process of special "children's loci" constructing in Soviet urban space during the first post-October decade and to the child's implementation into the new urban space context. The author focuses on symbolic projects executed in the romantic revolutionary style of those years, which usually were of the "paper" character. Specificity of the new Soviet city representation in the children's target audience is analyzed using the materials published in Murzilka in the midst of the 1920s

Intracapillary leucocyte accumulation as a novel antihaemorrhagic mechanism in acute pancreatitis in mice

Background: Pancreatic infiltration by leucocytes represents a hallmark in acute pancreatitis. Although leucocytes play an active role in the pathophysiology of this disease, the relation between leucocyte activation, microvascular injury and haemorrhage has not been adequately addressed.Methods: We investigated intrapancreatic leucocyte migration, leucocyte extravasation and pancreatic microperfusion in different models of oedematous and necrotising acute pancreatitis in lys-EGFP-ki mice using fluorescent imaging and time-lapse intravital microscopy.Results: In contrast to the current paradigm of leucocyte recruitment, the initial event of leucocyte activation in acute pancreatitis was represented through a dose- and time-dependent occlusion of pancreatic capillaries by intraluminally migrating leucocytes. Intracapillary leucocyte accumulation (ILA) resulted in dense filling of almost all capillaries close to the area of inflammation and preceded transvenular leucocyte extravasation. ILA was also initiated by isolated exposure of the pancreas to interleukin 8 or fMLP, demonstrating the causal role of chemotactic stimuli in the induction of ILA. The onset of intracapillary leucocyte accumulation was strongly inhibited in LFA-1-/- and ICAM-1-/- mice, but not in Mac-1-/- mice. Moreover, prevention of intracapillary leucocyte accumulation led to the development of massive capillary haemorrhages and transformed mild pancreatitis into lethal haemorrhagic disease.Conclusions: ILA represents a novel protective and potentially lifesaving mechanism of haemostasis in acute pancreatitis. This process depends on expression of LFA-1 and ICAM-1 and precedes the classical steps of the leucocyte recruitment cascade

РІВНІ ОЦІНЮВАННЯ ГОСПОДАРСТВА ПРИ ПЕРЕХОДІ ДО ОРГАНІЧНОГО ВИРОБНИЦТВА ПРОДУКЦІЇ РОСЛИННИЦТВА

The levels of evaluation of the farm that plans to move to organic production of crop products are determined. Indicators for assessing farms that are certified to produce organic agricultural products in Ukraine, considering the anthropogenic impact on the agroecosystem.The sequence of actions on compliance of the farm with the current requirements for organic production of crop products has been established. Peculiarities of farm activity in the transition period to organic crop production are described.A farm that plans to switch to organic production of agricultural crop products must determine the compliance of all technological processes, technological equipment and substances used, in accordance with the requirements of applicable regulations. That is, to analyze the work of all existing sectors of production in the economy before submitting documents to the certification body.The article analyzes approaches to the evaluation of agricultural production of crop products in the world, found the levels of evaluation of the agricultural enterprise in the transition to organic production. Also, the constructed of an algorithm of actions for the agricultural enterprise to maximize support for the transition to organic production of crop products.Suggested the assessment of the agricultural enterprise at 3 levels, which will allow to comprehensively determine whether the farm meets the rules and regulations of organic production of crop products.At the level of assessment of the territory adjacent to the farm will eliminate the negative impact of direct and indirect anthropogenic impact on organic crop products. The use of indicators presented in the study will consider the impact of all elements of the environment on the farm. The ecological condition of the farm and the adjacent territory is extremely important, as one of the tasks of organic production is to improve the ecological situation in the regions.The level of farm assessment involves establishing the compliance of soils (by agrophysical, agrochemical indicators and the content of pollutants) and the obtained agricultural crop products to the requirements of organic production.The level of assessment of technological processes of the farm for compliance with the requirements of organic production of crop products should be carried out by the physical and geographical location of the farm, specialization of crops, availability of technical means of production, etc.Direct sampling of soil and products is especially important for establishing the compliance of a crop producer with the requirements of organic production. Sampling of soil, water, air, and crop products should be carried out only by non-interested persons in accordance with the methods, as well as laboratory tests should be carried out in accredited laboratoriesВизначено рівні проведення оцінювання господарства, що планує перейти до органічного виробництва продукції рослинництва.Запропоновано показники оцінювання господарств, що проходять сертифікацію виробництва органічної сільськогосподарської продукції рослинництва в Україні із врахуванням антропогенного впливу на агроекосистему.Встановлено послідовності дій щодо відповідності господарства діючим вимогам щодо органічного виробництва продукції рослинництва. Описано особливості діяльності господарства у перехідному періоді до органічного виробництва продукції рослинництв

Fashion counterfeit in Russia: modern trends

Objective: to study the regularities and features of the Russian market of fashion counterfeit goods.Methods: dialectical approach, system approach, analysis, synthesis, comparative analysis method.Results: the main types of counterfeit goods in the fashion market are identified that differ in quality and cost and, as a result, in their presence in various segments of the fashion industry. The uncertainty of boundaries between counterfeit and original products is marked, which is used by manufacturers to sell fakes to consumers. It is found that the distribution channels of counterfeit products are numerous and differentiated depending on the type of counterfeit, the Internet being the most powerful one. Among the most significant factors affecting the distribution of counterfeit products in the fashion market, the following were identified: development of online commerce, behavior of the Russian consumers, and integration processes. Counteraction to counterfeiting should be based on improving the customs protection of intellectual property under integration and improving the anti-counterfeit culture of the Russian consumers.Scientific novelty: a study of the market for counterfeit goods in the fashion industry is presented; the reasons and factors that contribute to the production and distribution of counterfeit goods in this economy sector are identified, which will may help to develop adequate anti-counterfeit measures.Practical significance: the study results can serve as the basis for updating and developing anti-counterfeit measures that are adequate to the modern conditions

Simulation of the measurer of the time of appearance and the average power of the random pulse signal

The maximum likelihood measurer is considered of the time of appearance and the average power of the fast fluctuating Gaussian band pulse against Gaussian white noise. The possibilities of its practical implementation are demonstrated and its accuracy characteristics are determined. By statistical simulation methods, the experimental values of biases and variances of the resulting estimates are found. The error ranges of the theoretical formulas describing the measurer performance are established. There have been determined the conditions of high a posteriori accuracy for the measurer operation, that is, such signal-to-noise ratios above which the anomalous errors in estimating the pulse time parameter are practically non-existent