Nonparametric combination tests for comparing two survival curves with informative and non-informative censoring

This paper looks at permutation methods used to deal with hypothesis testing within the survival analysis framework. In the literature, several attempts have been made to deal with the comparison of survival curves and, depending on the survival and hazard functions of two groups, they can be more or less efficient in detecting differences. Furthermore, in some situations, censoring can be informative in that it depends on treatment effect. Our proposal is based on the nonparametric combination approach and has proven to be very effective under different configurations of survival and hazard functions. It allows the practitioner to test jointly on primary and censoring events and, by using multiple testing methods, to assess the significance of the treatment effect separately on the survival and the censoring process

Coral-bead Skin Lesions Associated with Erosive Arthritis: A Quiz

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Enhanced selective sonosensitizing efficacy of ultrasound-based anticancer treatment by targeted gold nanoparticles

partially_open9noThis study investigates cancer targeted gold nanoparticles as ultrasound sensitizers for the treatment of cancer.his study investigates cancer targeted gold nanoparticles as ultrasound sensitizers for the treatment of cancer. Methods: The ultrasound sensitizer activity of folate-PEG decorated gold nanoparticles (FA-PEG-GNP) has been studied on human cancer cell lines that overexpress folate receptors (KB and HCT-116) and another that does not (MCF7), at two ultrasound energy densities (8 × 10-6 J cm-2 and 8 × 10-5 J cm-2, for 5 min at 1.866 MHz). Results: FA-PEG-GNP selectively targeted KB and HCT-116 cells and a remarkable reduction in cancer cell growth was observed upon ultrasound exposure, along with significant reactive oxygen species generation and increase in necrotic cells. Conclusion: The combined use of targeting capacity and the ultrasound sensitizing effect, make FA-PEG-GNP promising candidates for the site-specific cancer treatment. © 2016 Future Medicine Ltd.partially_openBrazzale, Chiara; Canaparo, Roberto; Racca, Luisa; Foglietta, Federica; Durando, Giovanni; Fantozzi, Roberto; Caliceti, Paolo; Salmaso, Stefano; Serpe, LoredanaBrazzale, Chiara; Canaparo, Roberto; Racca, Luisa; Foglietta, Federica; Durando, Giovanni; Fantozzi, Roberto; Caliceti, Paolo; Salmaso, Stefano; Serpe, Loredan

A Misdiagnosed Desmoplastic Neurotropic Melanoma of the Scalp: A Challenging Case for the Pathologist and Surgeon

Desmoplastic neurotropic melanoma (DNM) is a rare melanoma subtype that shows tropism for the nerves, perineural invasion correlates to higher rate of local recurrence, poorer prognosis and worse morbidity. Given the paucity of typical melanoma features, both clinical and pathological, this confusing skin cancer may act as a pretender, thus leading clinician to misdiagnosis and subsequent inappropriate conservative treatment. Sarcomatoid- like cells rearrangement and absence of pigmentation can lead towards sarcoma diagnosis, so specific skills are required to pathologist to properly recognize this melanoma subtype. In this case report, we present an example of how challenging can be the diagnosis, and how it can affect clinical outcom

A Misdiagnosed Desmoplastic Neurotropic Melanoma of the Scalp: A Challenging Case for the Pathologist and Surgeon

Desmoplastic neurotropic melanoma (DNM) is a rare melanoma subtype that shows tropism for the nerves, perineural invasion correlates to higher rate of local recurrence, poorer prognosis and worse morbidity. Given the paucity of typical melanoma features, both clinical and pathological, this confusing skin cancer may act as a pretender, thus leading clinician to misdiagnosis and subsequent inappropriate conservative treatment. Sarcomatoid- like cells rearrangement and absence of pigmentation can lead towards sarcoma diagnosis, so specific skills are required to pathologist to properly recognize this melanoma subtype. In this case report, we present an example of how challenging can be the diagnosis, and how it can affect clinical outcom

ATIVIDADE FÍSICA E CAPACIDADE FUNCIONAL PARA AS ATIVIDADES DA VIDA DIÁRIA DE IDOSOS USUÁRIOS DE UNIDADES BÁSICAS DE SAÚDE

Esse presente estudo teve como objetivo analisar o nível de atividade física e a capacidade funcional dos idosos usuários das Unidades Básicas de Saúde (UBS) de um município do noroeste paranaense. Estudo transversal, realizado com 654 idosos, de ambos os sexos. Foram utilizados o International Physical Activity Questionnaire, a Escala de Katz e a Escala de Lawton. A análise dos dados foi realizada por meio dos testes Kolmogorov-Smirnov. Qui-quadrado, Kruskal-Wallis, “U” de Mann-Whitney e Spearman. Considerou-se um nível de significância de p < 0,05. Os idosos com idade entre 60 a 69 anos e que procuram as UBS para consulta médica apresentaram melhor capacidade funcional nas atividades básicas de vida diária (ABVD) e nas atividades instrumentais de vida diária (AIVD). Os idosos não aposentados e com maior nível de atividade física apresentaram melhor capacidade funcional nas AIVD. Idosos sem histórico de quedas demonstraram melhor capacidade funcional nas ABVD. Existe tendência dos idosos com boa percepção de saúde e independência nas ABVD e AIVD terem nível de atividade física muito ativo/ativo. Variáveis sociodemográficas e condições de saúde estão associadas ao nível de atividade física e à capacidade funcional de idoso

Manufacturing and testing a thin glass mirror shell with piezoelectric active control

Optics for future X-ray telescopes will be characterized by very large aperture and focal length, and will be made of lightweight materials like glass or silicon in order to keep the total mass within acceptable limits. Optical modules based on thin slumped glass foils are being developed at various institutes, aiming at improving the angular resolution to a few arcsec HEW. Thin mirrors are prone to deform, so they require a careful integration to avoid deformations and even correct forming errors. On the other hand, this offers the opportunity to actively correct the residual deformation: a viable possibility to improve the mirror figure is the application of piezoelectric actuators onto the non-optical side of the mirrors, and several groups are already at work on this approach. The concept we are developing consists of actively integrating thin glass foils with piezoelectric patches, fed by voltages driven by the feedback provided by X-rays. The actuators are commercial components, while the tension signals are carried by a printed circuit obtained by photolithography, and the driving electronic is a multi-channel low power consumption voltage supply developed inhouse. Finally, the shape detection and the consequent voltage signal to be provided to the piezoelectric array are determined in X-rays, in intra-focal setup at the XACT facility at INAF/OAPA. In this work, we describe the manufacturing steps to obtain a first active mirror prototype and the very first test performed in X-rays

L-citrulline is protective in hyperoxic lung damage and improves matrix remodelling and alveolarization

Moderate hyperoxia alters alveolar and vascular lung morphogenesis. Nitric oxide (NO) and matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) have a crucial role in the homeostasis of the matrix and bronchoalveolar structure and may be regulated abnormally by exposure to hyperoxia. Disruption of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-NO signaling impairs vascular growth and contributes to hyperoxia-induced vascular disease in bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). We hypothesize that L-citrulline, by raising the serum levels of L-arginine and enhancing endogenous NO synthesis, might attenuate hyperoxia-induced lung injury in an experimental model of BPD. Neonatal rats (1 day old) were exposed to 60% oxygen or room air for 14 days and administered L-citrulline or a vehicle (sham). Lung morphometry were performed; Serum was tested for arginine level; Matrix metalloproteinases2 (MMP2) gene expression, VEGF gene and protein expression and endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) protein expression were compared. Mean linear intercept was higher in the hyperoxia and sham groups when compared with the room air (RA) and L-citr+hyperoxia treated group (p&lt;0.02). Secondary crests number was higher in L-citrulline treated and RA when compared to hyperoxia and sham group (p&lt;0.02). L-Arginine level rose in the L-citrulline-treated group (p&lt;0.05). L-citrulline did not affect MMP2 gene expression, but it regulated the MMP2 active protein, which rose in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (p&lt;0.05), presumably due to a post-transductional effect. Compared with RA controls, hyperoxia significantly decreased VEGF and eNOS protein expression. At the same time, an increased lung VEGF gene and protein expression (p&lt;0.05) were also seen in the rats treated with L-citrulline. We conclude that: (i) hyperoxia decreases growth and disrupts VEGF-NO signaling of lung; (ii) the main effects of L-citrulline are an increased serum level of arginine, as a promoter and a substrate of the nitric oxide synthase; and (ii) a better alveolar growth and matrix control than in hyperoxia-induced lung damage seems promising