The Trend of Tuberculosis in Tekirdağ

AimThe incidence rate of tuberculosis (TB) is estimated by the World Health Organization as 128/100.000 worldwide. The main principles of TB control are early case detection and diagnosis, followed by directly observed treatment of patients. The aim of this study was to analyse the dynamics of TB between 2007 and 2011 in Tekirdağ.Material and MethodsData were obtained from TB dispensaries and separated into oneyear categories. Case notification rates were analysed by different age groups (0–14, 15–24, 25–44, 45–64, 65 and above). The patients were divided into two groups according to involved organs: pulmonary (smear/culture positive=PSP and smear/culture negative/unknown=PSN/U) and extrapulmonary. Antibiotic susceptibility tests to major antituberculosis drugs were performed on M. tuberculosis strains that were grown in culture and suspected of being resistant. Resistance to both INH and rifampicin were accepted as multiple drug resistance tuberculosis (MDR-TB).ResultsA total of 162.291 patients were examined, and out of this population, 1311 (0.8%) tuberculosis patients were evaluated. The distribution of case notification rates by year were 44.6%, 34.6%, 33.4%, 28.6%, and 27.6%from 2007 to 2011, respectively. Pulmonary and extrapulmonary TB rates were 74.5%(46.0%PSP and 28.5%PSN/U) and 25.5%, respectively. Extrapulmonary TB rates were 42.3% and 17.6% in men and women, respectively. Resistance rates against INH, rifampicin, ethambutol, and streptomycin were 21.6%, 8.8%, 1.6%, and 6.4%, respectively. The MDR-TB rate was 6.4%.ConclusionSystematic implementation of directly observed treatment programs plays an important role in decreasing TB incidence. Because the TB rates in our region are above the average for Turkey, screening and follow-up procedures must be conducted more stringently and regularly

Seasonality of Tuberculosis in Tekirdağ City, 2007-2011

AimIt is well known that the incidence of many respiratory infections shows seasonal variability. Unlike other respiratory infections, in many studies tuberculosis (TB) diagnoses increase in summer and the mechanism underlying this fluctuation remains unknown. We aimed to examine whether TB has an annual seasonal pattern in Tekirdağ.Materials and MethodsData were obtained from TB dispensaries in Tekirdağ retrospectively. There were 1311 cases of TB notified between January 2007 and December 2011. TB notifications show a seasonal pattern, with a peak in spring and summer, which is present in both pulmonary and extra pulmonary tuberculosis.ResultsTB notification was found highest in summer with the value of 28,4 %.ConclusionTB incidence in Tekirdağ showed seasonality like previous studies held in different countries. There is a need for large longitudinal studies to clarify the underlying mechanisms that may provide a better disease control

Fuzzy Triple Controlled Metric Spaces and Related Fixed Point Results

In this study, we introduce fuzzy triple controlled metric space that generalizes certain fuzzy metric spaces, like fuzzy rectangular metric space, fuzzy rectangular b-metric space, fuzzy b-metric space, and extended fuzzy b-metric space. We use f,g,h, three noncomparable functions as follows: mqμ,η,t+s+w≥mqμ,ν,t/fμ,ν∗mqν,ξ,s/gν,ξ∗mqξ,η,w/hξ,η. We prove Banach fixed point theorem in the settings of fuzzy triple controlled metric space that generalizes Banach fixed point theorem for aforementioned spaces. An example is presented to support our main results. We also apply our technique to the uniqueness for the solution of an integral equation

A REVIEW OF 43 CASES OF TETANUS NEONATORUM

Forty-three patients with neonatal tetanus admitted to the infectious Diseases Ward of the istanbul University Faculty of Medicine Children's Hospital at Capa from 1982-1989 are presented. Thirty-two (74.4%) of the subjects were boys

Pneumococcal Meningitis in Children: Evaluation of 46 Cases

A retrospective study was performed to review the clinical features, laboratory findings and the outcome of 46 children with pneumococcal meningitis hospitalized in a 10-year period. The median age of the cases was 3 years (range 1.5 months-11 years). Forty-eight percent of the cases were younger than two years of age. Nine out of the 46 children (19.5%) had underlying conditions. All of the strains isolated were susceptible to penicillin. Thirty-six patients were treated with crystallized penicillin, 8 patients with ceftriaxone and 2 patients with vancomycin plus ceftriaxone. A mortality rate of 10.8% was observed. At discharge, 13 survivors (28%) had neurologic sequelae as developmental delay, hearing loss, spasticity and/or paresis, and seizure disorder. The importance of early diagnosis and treatment of pneumococcal meningitis was emphasized

Sonographic assessment of ceftriaxone-associated biliary pseudolithiasis in children

Purpose. Ceftriaxone is a widely used third-generation cephalosporin. in this prospective study, we used sonography to investigate the incidence and outcome of biliary complications in children receiving ceftriaxone therapy