Constitutional court and constitutional economy: A study on decisions of Indonesian constitutional court

Indonesian constitutional court has the authority to determine the constitutionality of statutes. This paper focuses on the study on the decisions of the Constitutional court in judicial review cases concerning legal issues of economic system as promulgated in article 33 of the Constitution. Study on the decisions on the cases of electricity law, water law and oil and gas law shows how the Constitutional court take part in economic policy. It is argued that constitutional interpretation of judges upon the question of economy converges at the following issue: the role of state in economic system; the meaning of welfare state; and economic market and interrelation among them. However, in broader perspective, the role of constitutional court raise more general questions about the interrelations of law (constitution) and economics and the role of economic reasoning in judicial review

THE USE OF AUTHENTIC TEACHING MATERIALS TO IMPROVE READING COMPREHENSION (A Classroom Action Research in SMP Muhamadiyah 8 Surakarta of the Academic Year 2008/2009)

Salman Alfarisi K2202046: THE USE OF AUTHENTIC TEACHING MATERIALS TO IMPROVE READING COMPREHENSION (A Classroom Action Research in SMP Muhammadiyah 8 Surakarta of the Academic Year 2008/2009). Teacher Training and Education Faculty. Sebelas Maret University. 2010. This study is based on the problem that was the low reading comprehension of the 8th grade students of SMP Muhamadiyah 8 Surakarta of the Academic Year 2008/2009. It is focused on improving students’ reading comprehension through the use of authentic teaching materials. The researcher conducted classroom action research from July to September 2009. The subject of this research is the students of class VIII A of SMP Muhammadiyah 8 Surakarta of the Academic Year 2008/2009. The researcher conducted the teaching learning activities in two cycles. Each cycle consisted of four steps: planning, implementation, observation, and reflection. In cycle one, the researcher applied authentic materials in order to drag the students interested in reading so that they enjoyed in their reading class. By enjoying the reading, their reading comprehension might increase. In this cycle, the students’ reading comprehension increased but not optimally yet. Moreover, there were still problems that arose in this cycle. For example: some students still got difficulties in finding the main idea, they got difficulties to find out the appropriate meaning of words, and they still failed to find any informations from the text. In cycle two, the researcher tried to solve the previous problems by focusing on the teaching materials given and adding the medium in the teaching learning process, which was group discussion. In this cycle, the researcher was able to solve the problems. From the explanation above the researcher concluded that after he conducted the actions the students’ reading comprehension increased optimally. Before he conducted the actions the mean score of the pre-test was 55.5, and after doing the actions the mean score of the post-test was 77.6. The result of the research showed that after implementing the authentic teaching materials, the students’ level of interest in the reading class increased. Finally, their reading comprehension improved well

Entanglement-assisted zero-error capacity is upper-bounded by the Lovász ϑ function

The zero-error capacity of a classical channel is expressed in terms of the independence number of some graph and its tensor powers. This quantity is hard to compute even for small graphs such as the cycle of length seven, so upper bounds such as the Lovász theta function play an important role in zero-error communication. In this paper, we show that the Lovász theta function is an upper bound on the zero-error capacity even in the presence of entanglement between the sender and receiver

A time-splitting pseudospectral method for the solution of the Gross-Pitaevskii equations using spherical harmonics with generalised-Laguerre basis functions

We present a method for numerically solving a Gross-Pitaevskii system of equations with a harmonic and a toroidal external potential that governs the dynamics of one- and two-component Bose-Einstein condensates. The method we develop maintains spectral accuracy by employing Fourier or spherical harmonics in the angular coordinates combined with generalised-Laguerre basis functions in the radial direction. Using an error analysis, we show that the method presented leads to more accurate results than one based on a sine transform in the radial direction when combined with a time-splitting method for integrating the equations forward in time. In contrast to a number of previous studies, no assumptions of radial or cylindrical symmetry is assumed allowing the method to be applied to 2D and 3D time-dependent simulations. This is accomplished by developing an efficient algorithm that accurately performs the generalised-Laguerre transforms of rotating Bose-Einstein condensates for different orders of the Laguerre polynomials. Using this spatial discretisation together with a second order Strang time-splitting method, we illustrate the scheme on a number of 2D and 3D computations of the ground state of a non-rotating and rotating condensate. Comparisons between previously derived theoretical results for these ground state solutions and our numerical computations show excellent agreement for these benchmark problems. The method is further applied to simulate a number of time-dependent problems including the Kelvin-Helmholtz instability in a two-component rotating condensate and the motion of quantised vortices in a 3D condensate

A New Quantum Data Processing Inequality

Quantum data processing inequality bounds the set of bipartite states that can be generated by two far apart parties under local operations; Having access to a bipartite state as a resource, two parties cannot locally transform it to another bipartite state with a mutual information greater than that of the resource state. But due to the additivity of quantum mutual information under tensor product, the data processing inequality gives no bound when the parties are provided with arbitrary number of copies of the resource state. In this paper we introduce a measure of correlation on bipartite quantum states, called maximal correlation, that is not additive and gives the same number when computed for multiple copies. Then by proving a data processing inequality for this measure, we find a bound on the set of states that can be generated under local operations even when an arbitrary number of copies of the resource state is available.Comment: 12 pages, fixed an error in the statement of Theorem 2 (thanks to Dong Yang

Mechanism Design via Dantzig-Wolfe Decomposition

In random allocation rules, typically first an optimal fractional point is calculated via solving a linear program. The calculated point represents a fractional assignment of objects or more generally packages of objects to agents. In order to implement an expected assignment, the mechanism designer must decompose the fractional point into integer solutions, each satisfying underlying constraints. The resulting convex combination can then be viewed as a probability distribution over feasible assignments out of which a random assignment can be sampled. This approach has been successfully employed in combinatorial optimization as well as mechanism design with or without money. In this paper, we show that both finding the optimal fractional point as well as its decomposition into integer solutions can be done at once. We propose an appropriate linear program which provides the desired solution. We show that the linear program can be solved via Dantzig-Wolfe decomposition. Dantzig-Wolfe decomposition is a direct implementation of the revised simplex method which is well known to be highly efficient in practice. We also show how to use the Benders decomposition as an alternative method to solve the problem. The proposed method can also find a decomposition into integer solutions when the fractional point is readily present perhaps as an outcome of other algorithms rather than linear programming. The resulting convex decomposition in this case is tight in terms of the number of integer points according to the Carath{\'e}odory's theorem