Attachment Loss After Scaling And Root Planing With Different Instruments. A Clinical Study.

The aim of this study was to evaluate clinically the immediate effect of trauma from instrumentation after scaling and root planing with different instruments. Ten subjects with moderate chronic periodontitis, presenting probing depths ranging from 3.5 to 6.5 mm on anterior teeth, upper and/or lower, were selected. Teeth were randomly assigned to one of the following groups: MC group--scaled and planed with Gracey mini-curettes (MiniFive); CC group--scaled and planed with Gracey conventional curettes. The selected teeth were probed with a computerized electronic probe, guided by an occlusal stent, and then subjected to scaling and root planing. Immediately following instrumentation, teeth were probed again. The difference between relative attachment level (RAL) immediately before and after instrumentation was considered as trauma from instrumentation. Intra-group analysis revealed statistically significant differences between RAL immediately before and after instrumentation in both groups (0.68 +/- 0.32 for MC group; and 0.83 +/- 0.41 for CC group--p < 0.05). However, inter-group analysis did not show a statistically significant difference in trauma from instrumentation caused by the different instruments. Within the limits of this study, it was concluded that root instrumentation causes an average trauma from instrumentation of 0.76 mm with no differences between the tested instruments.3112-

Coronally Positioned Flap With Or Without Enamel Matrix Protein Derivative For The Treatment Of Gingival Recessions.

To evaluate, histometrically, the healing of gingival recessions treated by coronally positioned flaps associated with enamel matrix protein derivative (EMD-Group) and to compare it to that obtained with coronally positioned flaps alone (CPF-Group). Five mongrel dogs were used. Gingival recessions were surgically created on the buccal aspect of the upper cuspids. The defects (5 x 7 mm) were exposed to plaque accumulation for 3 months. After a preparation period, the contralateral defects were randomly assigned to each group. After 3 months of healing, the dogs were sacrificed and the blocks were processed. The histometric parameters evaluated included: gingival recession, length of epithelium, new connective tissue attachment and new bone. The gingival recession was -0.1 +/- 0.2 mm for the EMD-Group and -0.8 +/- 1.3 mm for the CPF-Group (P = 0.17). The extension of the epithelium was 1.2 +/- 1.0 mm for the EMD-Group and 1.3 +/- 0.7 mm for the CPF-Group (P = 0.89). The new connective tissue attachment was 4.8 +/- 0.7 in the EMD-Group and 4.0 +/- 1.4 in the CPF-Group (P = 0.22). The new bone was 0.1 +/- 1.8 mm and -0.5 +/- 1.4 mm in the EMD-Group and CPF-Group, respectively (P = 0.50). Histologically, the defect coverage observed was 98.2% for the EMD-Group and 85.8% for the CPF-Group.16287-9

Microbial Diversity Similarities in Periodontal Pockets and Atheromatous Plaques of Cardiovascular Disease Patients

<div><p>Background and Objective</p><p>The immune and infectious alterations occurring in periodontitis have been shown to alter the development and severity of cardiovascular disease. One of these relationships is the translocation of oral bacteria to atheroma plaques, thereby promoting plaque development. Thus, the aim of this study was to assess, by 16s cloning and sequencing, the microbial diversity of the subgingival environment and atheroma plaques of patients concomitantly suffering from periodontitis and obstructive coronary artery atherosclerosis (OCAA).</p><p>Methods</p><p>Subgingival biofilm and coronary balloons used in percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty were collected from 18 subjects presenting with generalized moderate to severe periodontitis and OCAA. DNA was extracted and the gene 16S was amplified, cloned and sequenced.</p><p>Results</p><p>Significant differences in microbial diversity were observed between both environments. While subgingival samples mostly contained the phylum <i>Firmicutes</i>, in coronary balloons, <i>Proteobacteria</i> (p<0.05) was predominant. In addition, the most commonly detected genera in coronary balloons were <i>Acinetobacter, Alloprevotella, Pseudomonas, Enterobacter, Sphingomonas</i> and <i>Moraxella</i>, while in subgingival samples <i>Porphyromonas, Filifactor, Veillonella, Aggregatibacter</i> and <i>Treponema</i> (p<0.05) were found. Interestingly, 17 identical phylotypes were found in atheroma and subgingival samples, indicating possible bacterial translocation between periodontal pockets and coronary arteries.</p><p>Conclusion</p><p>Periodontal pockets and atheromatous plaques of cardiovascular disease patients can present similarities in the microbial diversity.</p></div

Top-15 phylotypes (mean of x value±sd and % of positive subjects) detected in periodontal pocket and Coronary balloon.

<p>Top-15 phylotypes (mean of x value±sd and % of positive subjects) detected in periodontal pocket and Coronary balloon.</p

Demographic data of population.

<p><i>SD- Standard deviation;</i></p><p><i>*HbA1c<7%;</i></p>#<p><i>Arterial Pressure >140/80 mmHg;</i></p><p>Demographic data of population.</p

Distribution of clones (% clones) by genus in periodontal pocket and coronary balloon samples.

<p><i>*indicate statistically significant difference between periodontal pocket and coronary balloon (Chi-square test, p<0.05)</i>.</p

Distribution (%total clones and number of common phylotypes) regarding Phylo and Culture Status (%) in periodontal pocket and Coronary balloon.

<p><i>*indicate statistically difference (Chi-square test, p<0.05).</i></p><p>Distribution (%total clones and number of common phylotypes) regarding Phylo and Culture Status (%) in periodontal pocket and Coronary balloon.</p

Phylotypes detected in the subgingival biofilm of periodontal pockets (right) and coronary balloons (left).

<p>The phylotypes in the center are those detected in both samples within the same individual.</p