VALUE ADDED IN FOOD MANUFACTURING AND RETAILING: A RATIO ANALYSIS OF MAJOR U.S. STATES

Agribusiness,

Proprietary Aspects of Commercial Remote-Sensing Imagery

This remote-sensing imagery copyright issue will be addressed in two parts: First, the specific aspects of remote-sensing imagery will be assessed in terms of international protection as compared to other space activities having a literary or intellectual content, with a direct and immediate commercial impact. Second, the specific copyright provisions of several bilateral agreements will be scrutinized in a comparative approach and the merits of each of them will be assessed against those of the others. The terms pictures and signals will be used indistinc- tively in order to identify the same physical elements, i.e. the bits or information elements transmitted by the satellite towards relay stations, either in outer space or on the ground in foreign countries

Proprietary Aspects of Commercial Remote-Sensing Imagery

This remote-sensing imagery copyright issue will be addressed in two parts: First, the specific aspects of remote-sensing imagery will be assessed in terms of international protection as compared to other space activities having a literary or intellectual content, with a direct and immediate commercial impact. Second, the specific copyright provisions of several bilateral agreements will be scrutinized in a comparative approach and the merits of each of them will be assessed against those of the others. The terms pictures and signals will be used indistinc- tively in order to identify the same physical elements, i.e. the bits or information elements transmitted by the satellite towards relay stations, either in outer space or on the ground in foreign countries

A PRELIMINARY SURVEY OF USERS OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS INFORMATION: PROCEDURES AND RESULTS

This survey of 100 economic analysts in agriculture, outside of government and academia, assesses the changing public-private balance in information services in agriculture. Its objectives were to: (1)contact front-line private-sector analysts who handle economic issues in agriculture and ask them about the data and information they most value and why, (2) experiment with measurement instruments to segment and describe information attributes that users value; and (3) assess the interest of front-line analysts in the changing public- private balance in information provision. The results provide a list of information services used by analysts, descriptive responses on attributes that contribute to value-added, and statistical analysis relating respondent characteristics to the use of information from the U.S. Department of Agriculture.Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession,

Oxidative phosphorylation efficiency, proton conductance and reactive oxygen species production of liver mitochondria correlates with body mass in frogs

ody size is a central biological parameter affecting most biological processes (especially energetics) and mitochondria is a key organelle controlling metabolism and is also the cell's main source of chemical energy. However, the link between body size and mitochondrial function is still unclear, especially in ectotherms. In this study, we investigated several parameters of mitochondrial bioenergetics in the liver of three closely related species of frogs (the common frog Rana temporaria, the marsh frog Pelophylax ridibundus and the bull frog Lithobates catesbeiana). These particular species were chosen due to their differences in adult body mass. We found that the mitochondrial coupling efficiency was markedly increased with animal size, which lead to a higher ATP production (+70%) in the larger frogs (L. catesbeiana) compared to the smaller frogs (R. temporaria). This was essentially driven by a strong negative dependence of mitochondrial proton conductance on body mass. Liver mitochondria from the larger frogs (L. catesbeiana) displayed 50% of the proton conductance of mitochondria from the smaller frogs (R. temporaria). Contrary to our prediction, the low mitochondrial proton conductance measured in L. catesbeiana was not associated with higher radical oxygen species production. Instead, liver mitochondria from the larger individuals produced significantly lower radical oxygen species than those from the smaller frogs. Collectively, the data shows that key bioenergetics parameters of mitochondria (proton leak, ATP production efficiency and radical oxygen species production) are correlated with body mass in frogs. This research expands our understanding of the relationship between mitochondrial function and the evolution of allometric scaling in ectotherms

Machinery-Sharing Contractual Issues and Impacts on Cash Flows of Agribusinesses

Contractual arrangements for joint machinery ownership between independent agribusinesses are explored. A two-farm economic simulation model of locations in Texas, Colorado, and Montana is developed to provide insight associated with sharing combines. Important variables include combine size (efficiency), yield losses resulting from untimely access to equipment, the penalty structure for untimely delivery, and cost-sharing and depreciation deductions claimed between producers. Combine sharing is risk-reducing in most cases. The gains to both parties are lowest when harvesting periods overlap. While the value of sharing is positive under many scenarios, benefits from sharing are small relative to total farm revenue.combines, machinery sharing, risk, simulation, Agribusiness, Agricultural Finance,

Weak Pion Production off the Nucleon

We develop a model for the weak pion production off the nucleon, which besides the Delta pole mechanism (weak excitation of the $\Delta(1232)$ resonance and its subsequent decay into $N\pi$), includes also some background terms required by chiral symmetry. We re-fit the $C_5^A(q^2)$ form factor to the flux averaged $\nu_\mu p \to \mu^-p\pi^+$ ANL $q^2-$differential cross section data, finding a substantially smaller contribution of the Delta pole mechanism than traditionally assumed in the literature. Within this scheme, we calculate several differential and integrated cross sections, including pion angular distributions, induced by neutrinos and antineutrinos and driven both by charged and neutral currents. In all cases we find that the background terms produce quite significant effects and that they lead to an overall improved description of the data, as compared to the case where only the Delta pole mechanism is considered. We also show that the interference between the Delta pole and the background terms produces parity-violating contributions to the pion angular differential cross section, which are intimately linked to $T-$odd correlations in the contraction between the leptonic and hadronic tensors. However, these latter correlations do not imply a genuine violation of time reversal invariance because of the existence of strong final state interaction effects.Comment: Typos corrected; comments adde

Mechanistic insights into phospha–Michael reaction of tertiary phosphines with electron-deficient alkenes

© 2016 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.The Michael-type addition of tertiary phosphines to electron-deficient alkenes is a convenient way to generate reactive phosphonium zwitterionic intermediates, which participate readily in many synthetically useful transformations. Although the synthetic usefulness of the phospha–Michael addition has been largely demonstrated, knowledge on the kinetics and mechanism of this reaction is sparse. This paper briefly summarizes the contribution of our research group to find out the mechanism of this reaction