Evaluation of Yield, Dry Matter Accumulation and Leaf Area Index in Wheat Genotypes as Affected by Terminal Drought Stress

Grain yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under Mediterranean conditions is frequently limited by both high temperature and drought during grain growth. In this region, most rain falls during autumn and winter and water deficit emerges in the spring, resulting in a moderate stress for rainfed wheat around anthesis, which increases in severity throughout grain filling. Hence, selection of genotypes with high grain yield is the principal aim of wheat production in this region. In order to evaluation of yield and dry matter accumulation in wheat genotypes as affected by terminal drought stress, a factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design was conducted in Research Farm Islamic Azad University, Ardabil branch in 2009. Factors were: terminal drought stress by changing in planting date at three levels (12 October, 1 November and 21 November) with wheat (Triticu aestivum L.) genotypes at four levels (�Azar-2�, �Sardari�, �Frankia� and �Trakia�). The results showed that various levels of terminal drought stress affected yield, dry matter accumulation and leaf area index in wheat genotypes. Means comparisons showed that maximum grain yield (183.18 gr/m2) was obtained at the first of planting date or the least duration of confronting with thermal drought stress in �Azar-2� genotype and minimum of it was obtained in the third planting date with �Trakia� genotype due to the highest duration of confronting with thermal drought stress. Investigation of variances trend of dry matter accumulation indicated that in all of treatment compounds, it increased slowly until 190-200 days after sowing and then increased rapidly till 270-280 days after sowing. From 280 days after sowing till harvest time, it decreased due to increasing aging of leaves and decreasing of leaf area index. In the other hand, wheat genotypes had difference response to dry matter accumulation in confronting with thermal drought stress. Decrease in duration of terminal drought stress also significantly increased the leaf area index and the maximum of it was observed by the plots that were applied in the first planting date with �Azar-2� genotype. In all of treatment compounds, LAI increased slowly until 190-200 days after sowing and then decreased slowly till 240-250 days after sowing. From 240-250 days after sowing till harvest time, it decreased rapidly due to hasten leaf senescence in confronting with terminal drought stress. Thus, it can be suggested that in order to increasing of grain yield, dry matter accumulation and leaf area index should be applied �Azar-2� genotype with the first planting date(12 October ) in conditions of Ardabil Plain in Iran

Investigating the effect of input consumption on land depletion and the potential for damage to environmental pollutants in the climatic conditions of Gorgan and Zahedan

Nowadays, following the development of agriculture, there are concerns about adverse environmental consequences such as water, soil, air pollution, reduced fertility, soil erosion, and depletion of resources based on the use of non-renewable inputs that need to be addressed. It's about. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of input consumption on land depletion and the potential for damage to environmental pollutants in the climatic conditions of Gorgan and Zahedan during the 2019-2020 crop year. In this study, the fuel consumption of diesel, water, vermicompost fertilizer, use of nitrogen fertilizer nano-chelate, phosphorus nano-chelate and potassium nano-chelate, and complete use of chemical fertilizer (from urea, triple superphosphate, and potassium sulfate) as inputs were considered prone to environmental damage. In general, for the production of one ton of portulaca oleracea, Gorgan city creates less environmental burdens than Zahedan city due to less consumption of inputs in all sectors. Based on the results of the final index, it can be concluded that among the impact groups, the impact group of global warming with a value of 5.819 kg (kg CO2 eq.) in Zahedan city and 5.814 kg (kg CO2 eq.) in Gorgan city in the production of one ton of portulaca oleracea has more potential for environmental damage than other impacts, then the impact group of fossil resources depletion at the rate of 4.489 MJ / kg (kg equivalent to crude oil) in both Zahedan and Gorgan has the potential Environmental damage. Based on the evaluation results of the environmental index (Eco-X) and resource depletion index (RDI) for the production of one ton of portulaca oleracea, Zahedan city has a higher environmental index (Eco-X = 5.819) than Gorgan city (Eco-X = 814.5) showed and created more environmental burdens. However, the resource depletion index (RDI), considering the 100-year target time interval, which means the time when the resource is expected to be available, is for Zahedan city (RDI = 7.677) and Gorgan city was calculated at the rate of (RDI = 5.945)

Effects of biofertilizers and iron nano-oxide on maize yield and physiological properties under optimal irrigation and drought stress conditions

In this research, effects iron nano-oxide and biofertilizers and chemical was investigated on the yield and some traits of Maize under normal and drought stress conditions in two years (2018 and 2019). The experiment was performed in the form of split–spilt plot in a complete random block design with three replications. The studied irrigation treatment included three levels (normal, 85% and 65% optimum water requirement) in the main plots and iron nano-oxide at four levels (0, 0.5, 1, and 1.5 g/L) in subplots, and biofertilizers at four levels (noninoculation, inoculation with mycorrhiza, inoculation with pseudomonas and combined inoculation of mycorrhiza and pseudomonas) in sub-plots. The results showed that grain yield, 1000-grain weight, and leaf chlorophyll contents decreased by drought stress. Use of pseudomonas and mycorrhiza increased these traits in normal and stress conditions, but iron nano-oxide had no significant effect on the measured traits. Also, drought stress increased malondialdehyde, ion leakage, catalase, peroxidase, proline, and polyphenol oxidase in both light and severe stress regimes. The amount of antioxidant enzymes increased under drought stress conditions in corn. The results indicated that all the characteristics measured by double inoculation with Pseudomonas and Microoriza had the best performance in conditions of water shortage and the use of these biofertilizers increases yield, 1000-seed weight, and chlorophyll content of maize. Also, the use of biofertilizers modulates the effect of drought stress and reduces its negative effects

Targeted delivery of essential oils of Salvia officinalis L to AGS cancer cells using PLA-spermine-PEG-FA

The MTT test was used in this study to evaluate anticancer potential of Salvia officinalis L's essential oil on AGS cells. The results showed that the Salvia officinalis L's essential oil has high potential anticancer activity against AGS cells. To improve the solubility of the essential oil and its targeted administration to AGS cells, poly lactic acid-spermine-poly ethylene glycol-folic acid (PLA-Spermine-PEG-FA) (FPSP) was utilized. For this purpose, Salvia officinalis L's essential oil and silver nanoparticles were encapsulated into the PLA-Spermine-PEG-FA (FPSP) using the solvent diffusion technique. Then, using transmission electron microscope (TEM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS), respectively, morphology, zeta potential, as well as average particle size characteristics of the nanoparticles were evaluated. The FPSP/essential oil nanoparticles (FPSP/EO) were spherical in shape and had an average particle size of 200–300 nm. The mean particle dimensions for both PSP/silver/EO and FPSP/silver/EO nanoparticles assemblies are measured at 236.52 ± 22.64 nm and 248.95 ± 28.17 nm, respectively. The results showed that the zeta potential values for PSP/silver/EO and FPSP/silver/EO were −18.3 ± 0.7 mV and −20.6 ± 1.3 mV, respectively. The results of this test showed that FPSP/Silver/EO significantly reduced the percentage of AGS cell viability better than EO and PSP/Silver/EO. The best treatment in this experiment was FPSP/Silver/EO at a concentration of 50 μL/mL and time 72 h. The minimum value of IC50 in FPSP/Silver/EO was observed as 21.11 μL/mL in 72 h

Prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in neonates born to mothers or relatives with COVID-19

BACKGROUND: In December 2019, in Wuhan, China, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was emerged due to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). It seems that children and neonates, similar to adult and elderly individuals, are at risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, adequate data are not available about neonates infected with SARS-CoV-2. METHODS: This study evaluated the presence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in neonates born to mothers or relatives with COVID-19. This cross-sectional study was performed on 25,044 consecutive Iranian participants in Tehran, Iran, from January 2020 to August 2020. Viral ribonucleic acid (RNA) was extracted from 500 µl of the oropharyngeal and nasopharyngeal specimens of the participants. The genomic RNA of SARS-CoV-2 was detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay. RESULTS: Out of all participants, 98 (0.40%) cases were neonates born to mothers or relatives with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Therefore, the current study was performed on these neonates. Out of 98 studied neonates, 6 (6.1%) cases had positive PCR results for SARS-CoV-2 infection. Moreover, among 98 studied neonates’ mothers, 25 (25.5%) cases had positive PCR results for SARS-CoV-2 infection. CONCLUSION: The findings of this study demonstrated that the rate of COVID-19 in neonates born to mothers or relatives with SARS-CoV-2 infection in the Iranian population is about 6.1%