Axial anomaly of QED in a strong magnetic field and noncommutative anomaly

The Adler-Bell-Jackiw (ABJ) anomaly of a 3+1 dimensional QED is calculated in the presence of a strong magnetic field. It is shown that in the regime with the lowest Landau level (LLL) dominance a dimensional reduction from D=4 to D=2 dimensions occurs in the longitudinal sector of the low energy effective field theory. In the chiral limit, the resulting anomaly is therefore comparable with the axial anomaly of a two dimensional massless Schwinger model. It is further shown that the U(1) axial anomaly of QED in a strong magnetic field is closely related to the ``nonplanar'' axial anomaly of a conventional noncommutative QED.Comment: 18 pp, no figure. v2: The version accepted to be publidhed in PR

Environmental and social issues in coastal aquaculture

Aquaculture has grown rapidly in the recent years and has promise for further potential growth. This rapid expansion was possibly because of the growing demand for aquatic products and the failure of the global capture fishery, which has been exploited, to or beyond its potential. When the global catch statistics remains standstill between 80-100 million metric tons per year, the global aquaculture production is registering an overwhelming annual growth of 8-14% producing between 20-25 million tons per year. Of the aquaculture practices, coastal shrimp farming has registered the maximum growth of about 400% in the last decade. The two factors resulting to its boom were the increasing demand for Indian shrimp and the improved farming technique

Commodity diversification and geographic concentration of Indian seafood exports

Indian fisheries sector plays an important role in the socio-economic development of the country, in view of its potential contribution to national income, nutritional security, employment opportunities, social objectives and export earnings

CIFE-Status Paper on women in fisheries

Women depend on fishery resources for food, work, income and identity, especially, to nurture their children. Yet, they tend to have less control than men over these resources and the associated wealth. Initiatives in fisheries management and fisheries conservation are rarely scrutinized for their potential impacts on women. The World Wide Fund presented discussion on the proposal for a Marine Stewardship Council (MSC) development, which is believed to share this weakness. The MSC ignores the complex realities of women's work, its diversity and the differing places they occupy in fish product markets. An examination is made for the implications of the proposed MSC by considering its potential impacts on access to fish and its consumption among different groups of women. (Neis, -B.l. 1996) Women participate in fisheries in different ways in different sectors

Socio-economic parameters for impact assessment studies

Sorenson and McCreary defined coastal zone as the interface or transition zone where part of the land is affected by its proximity to the sea and where part of the ocean is affected by its proximity to the land in an area in which the processes depending on the interaction between land and sea are more intense. The coastal zone comprises a narrow strip of coastal low land and vast areas of coastal waters. It constitutes 10 percent of the oceans but more than 50 percent of the oceans biological productivity

Eco-friendly fisheries extension policy

Fisheries are a new profession, which has evolved after a scarcity of fish, was observed in the ocean because of over exploitation of fish from open water bodies. Development has, as such, neglected fisheries, and has concentrated on engineering and agricultural development. As a result over last five decades land based development got saturated. Over exploitation of these resources also had damaged the water-based resources, which might have been neglected because of ignorance. Modern fisheries also have also become intensive. This may again affect the environment. Considering this, fisheries extension policy needs to be developed in such a way that the adverse effects caused by industry and agricu ltu re neither effect fisheries nor fisheries damages the environment. Along with that Fisheries Extension should also adopt the modern approaches of extensio

Subsidies in Indian fisheries-Methodological issues and implications for the future

Subsidies are financial contributions made by Government or public bodies which provide a private benefit. Westlund (2003) defined fisheries subsidies as “government actions or inactions that are specific to the fisheries industry and that modify – by increasing or decreasing – the potential profits by the industry in the short, medium or long-term”. World attention was drawn to the scale of the global fisheries crisis and also the extent of fishery subsidies in 1992 with the publication of an FAO report, Marine Fisheries and the Law of the Sea: A Decade of Change. The adverse effect of subsides depend on the existing management regime and the bioeconomic conditions of the fishery. Subsidies lower the cost of harvest and raise the effective price of fish. As a management tool, cost-reducing or profit-increasing subsidies may result in increased productive efforts and hence considered as harmful through over exploitation of fish resources and unsustainable harvesting

Constraint analysis on the impediments faced by Indian seafood exporters

Among the leading non traditional exports, fish and fishery products play a prominent role contributing significantly to the success of India's export effort to bridge the yawning trade gap of India.They have become one of the major foreign exchange earners in the agricultural and a1lied sectors of India in the recent years. Starting from mere scraps in the pre independence period, it is a saga of steady striking and sustained growth that the industry had recorded raising India's status and prestige and securing for her a respectable position among the maritime nations of the worl

Impact of Chinese engines in the marine fishing sector of Kerala

Impact of Chinese engines in the marine fishing sector of Keral

Construction Site Workers’ Awareness on Using Safety Equipment : Case Study

Construction sector is an important sector and contributed significantly to national development. However, this sector poses higher risk to accident. This is due to fact that construction site can be considered as a dangerous zone to workers and to the public. Due to the variety of cases occurs on site, the contractor will usually have to pay the cost related to accidents in the form of higher insurance premium. Despite various measures, accidents still occur at construction sites. Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) is one of the important means to protect the wearer from hazards in the workplace. Since this equipment is the last frontier of the wearer from worksite hazards, it is important to select it based on the job scope and the intended protection. Therefore, this study was formulated to find out the level of knowledge and awareness of construction workers on PPE usage. It was also important to know what make the workers would want or do not want to use the PPE. It was found in this study that the level of awareness and knowledge among workers on the proper use of PPE is moderate. Construction sites accident can be further be reduced with proper implementation of PPE voluntarily by all workers