High occurrence of cyclosporiasis in Istanbul, Turkey, during a dry and warm summer

We evaluated the incidence of Cyclospora cayetanensis in immunocompetent, diarrheic patients during the summers of 2006-2009 in Istanbul. Stools from 1876 patients were examined using microscopic techniques. Cyclospora oocysts were observed in wet preparations by light and epifluorescence microscopy and in fecal smears that were stained by Kinyoun's modified acid-fast stain. Characteristic Cyclospora oocysts were observed in 2 patients in 2006, 17 in 2007, and one in 2009. Samples positive for Cyclospora were further analyzed by a single step polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with Cyclospora-specific primers from the ITS-1 region of the genome

High occurrence of cyclosporiasis in Istanbul, Turkey, during a dry and warm summer

We evaluated the incidence of Cyclospora cayetanensis in immunocompetent, diarrheic patients during the summers of 2006-2009 in Istanbul. Stools from 1876 patients were examined using microscopic techniques. Cyclospora oocysts were observed in wet preparations by light and epifluorescence microscopy and in fecal smears that were stained by Kinyoun's modified acid-fast stain. Characteristic Cyclospora oocysts were observed in 2 patients in 2006, 17 in 2007, and one in 2009. Samples positive for Cyclospora were further analyzed by a single step polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with Cyclospora-specific primers from the ITS-1 region of the genome

Transmission routes of chronic hepatitis C and their relation to HCV genotypes

Background/aims: Hepatitis C virus transmission routes in chronic hepatitis C patients, the relationship between the viral genotype and the transmission routes were studied. Material and Methods: Genotyping was performed by using a commercial reverse hybridization method, Line Probe Assay. Results: Genotyping of 108 HCV RNA positive patients revealed four different types (1,2,3, and 4) and some mixed types. Subtype 1b was the most common (n=82). Subtype la and 3a were detected in six patients, 2a / 2c was detected in seven patients, and 4c / 4d was detected in one patient respectively. Six subjects revealed mixed infections. Three of them were 1a+1b, two of them were 1b+4a, and one of them was 1b+2a/2c.Genotype 1b was most common in all groups. In 38,8% of the 108 patients with a history of blood or blood product transfusions, 16,6% of patients with a history of surgery, 15,7% of patients had an anamnesis of dental treatment and, 12,9% of patients receiving dialysis. Conclusion: Before the routine screening of blood donor practices became mandatory, the most common route of HCV infection was blood transfusions. The other risk factors of transmission such as tattoos, piercings, iatrogenic infections and intravenous drug usage have not been recorded for any of these patients in our study. The patient with a history of surgery had the genotype 1b as the most common genotype. The genotype 1b was determined in 75,9% of the whole patient population of the study

Acute prostatitis as an uncommon presentation of brucellosis

The present report concerns a 46-year-old man who presented with acute prostatitis due to Brucella melitensis infection. He was first treated with doxycycline and ciprofloxacin, but after 3 months he was admitted again with the same diagnosis. The relapse was probably related to ciprofloxacin use, or the length of treatment not being sufficient. The patient was successfully treated with a combination of doxycycline and rifampin for 3 months. In conclusion, prostatitis due to Brucella, such as spondylitis, meningoencephalitis and endocarditis, should be treated for longer courses

Micro- and nano-encapsulation of limonene and permethrin for mosquito repellent finishing of cotton textiles

TURKOGLU, Gizem Ceylan/0000-0001-5809-0916; Erkan, Gokhan/0000-0002-2239-9556WOS: 000519929100004The aim of this study was to prepare mosquito repellent textiles. To compare bio-based and synthetic mosquito repellent agents, limonene and permethrin were encapsulated with ethyl cellulose shell. Coacervation was employed, which is a simple and reproducible method for the encapsulation with high production efficiency. Morphological assessment showed that the capsules had smooth surfaces and their shape was spherical. the homogenous size distribution of the capsules was supported by laser diffraction analysis. the capsules showed narrow size distribution and the mean particle size of the optimum formulations for limonene and permethrin was 1 and 1.3 mu m, respectively. the size of the produced capsules was considered suitable for textile applications. the FTIR spectra revealed the similarity of the chemical structure of capsules with shell material. Cotton fabrics were treated separately with limonene and permethrin capsules by padding method. the presence of capsules on the fabrics was determined after 20 washing cycles. Insecticide activity was evaluated against common house mosquitoes (Culex pipiens), with respect to cone bioassay of World Health Organization (WHO). Mosquitoes were tended to stay away from treated fabrics, and mortality rates of mosquitos were noted as 41% and 54% for limonene and permethrin, respectively. Although efficacy of fabrics decreased with increasing washing, the fabrics still showed repellency after 20 washing cycles. This study showed that the developed product might be used as an alternative to the other products in the market for avoiding mosquito-borne diseases