Assessment the Natural Radioactivity of Radionuclides ( 226Ra, 232Th, 40K, and 137Cs) in Wheat Grain

This paper investigates the activity concentration of radionuclides (226Ra, 232Th, 40K and 137Cs) in the wheat grain samples using a high-purity germanium detector. Thirty-six wheat grain samples were collected from different locations of Koya City, Iraqi Kurdistan region. Average activity concentrations of 226Ra, 232Th and 40K in wheat grain are found to be 0.407 ± 0.097 Bq.kg-1 for 226Ra, 0.36 ± 0.14 Bq.kg-1 for 232Th and 109.25± 2.214 Bq.kg-1 for 40K, respectively. The measured activity concentrations for the radionuclides are compared with the reported data from other countries. In addition, the fallout radionuclide of 137Cs has no detection of in the wheat grain samples. The radium equivalent activity Raeq, internal and external hazard indices Hin and Hex, and annual gonadal dose equivalent are calculated for the measured samples. The total ingestion dose is 113.19 µSv.y-1, which is below the world average value of 290 µSv.y-1

Assessment the Effects of Alpha Particles on Women's Urine using CR-39 NTDs

This research describes the results that have been obtained from the alpha particles after carrying out the present study. The study was conducted on 60 urine samples taken from women, who were either infertile, had weak fertility with 30 urine samples of normal women. The age of those women ranged between (18-47) years. They further belonged to different locations in Iraqi Kurdistan region. values calculated in 20 ml of female urine samples was noted that the average values of concentrations of alpha emitters in 20 ml of urine of women's problem with fertility were 0.371 ppm in Erbil,  0.330 ppm in Sulaymania, and 0.199 for normal women, respectively, The results showed that the concentration of alpha emitters in Erbil > Sulaymania> normal, the number of areas do represent a source of danger to human life. This denotes that there is evidence of health problems. Significant difference found in participants’ laboratory outcomes between Erbil, Sulaymania and normal. Significant correlations (p < 0.001) found between participants’ demographic data and their laboratory outcomes. Also the range of alpha particles in the surface of urine samples and CR-39NTDs was calculated using SRIM program Keywords: infertility in women, Urine, Iraqi Kurdistan region, CR- 39NTDs, Alpha particle

Uranium Concentration in Human Blood using Fission Track Etch Technique

The technique of fission track etch has been applied to determine concentration of uranium in human blood samples for exposed group and control group, male and female, using CR-39 track detector that is employed for registration of induced fission tracks. The blood samples of exposed group were collected from three key southern Iraqi governorates (Basrah, Muthanna and Dhi-Qar). These governorates were the center of intensive military activities during the 1991 and 2003 Gulf wars. The blood samples of the control group were taken from individuals who live in Babil governorate. This governorate, which is considered environmentally uncontaminated, is located north-west of the study area. The results showed that the uranium concentrations in human blood of exposed group ranged from 0.78 ppb (male, 3 years old, from Dhi-Qar) to 2.47 ppb (female, 65 years old, from Basrah). For the control group, the uranium concentration ranged from 0.32 ppb (male, 4 years old) to 1.47 ppb (female, 52 years old). It has also been found that the uranium concentrations in blood samples of exposed group are higher than those of the control group, and the uranium concentrations for female exposed group and control group are higher than those for male exposed group and control group. Keywords: uranium concentration, human blood, CR-39, fission track, Ira

Synthesis and Biological Activity of Three Novel Azo Dyes

The azo dyes that named, (E)-4-((2-nitrophenyl) diazenyl) benzene-1,3-diol (1), (E)-4- ((3-nitrophenyl) diazenyl) benzene-1,3-diol (2) and (E)-4-((4-nitrophenyl) diazenyl) benzene-1,3-diol (3) were synthesized and then characterized using IR, UV-visible spectrum. These results were compared with that obtained by ChemBio 3D Ultra - [Chem3D XML] Gaussian Interface and were seems to be identical. Then, the antimicrobial activity of each azo dye was carried out against two bacterial strains: Staphylococcus aureus NCTC 6571, and Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, and fungal strains of Candida albicans using Agar-well diffusion method. The results were showed that the three azo dyes were biologically active and the best reactivity was observed in (2). Though, the biological activity of (1) with NO2 group in ortho- position remained reasonable against Candida albicans. But, the effect of (1) was resisted by Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. However, the (2) and (3) with substituted NO2 group in meta- and para- positions respectively were showed better reactivity’s than (1) towered Candida albicans and Staphylococcus aureus. Further, the Gaussian interface properties and the conformational analysis of (1), (2) and (3) were intended. The results were indicated that the variations in the properties of each azo dye and their conformational energies of generated conformers can affect their biological activity afterward. Keywords: key words, Azo dyes, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Candida albicans, Agar-well diffusion method, Antimicrobial activit

Investigating the Role of Metoclopramide and Hyoscine-N-Butyl Bromide in Colon Motility

Metoclopramide is a treatment for gastroenteritis accompanied by vomiting. Hyoscine-n-butyl bromide as an anticholinergic agent causes inhibition of the acetylcholine (Ach) by acting on muscarinic receptors. The study aims to ascertain how metoclopramide affects Ach-induced cortical motility and also investigates the effects of metoclopramide alone and in combination with hyoscine-n-butyl bromide drug effects on colon motility. In this study, 1 cm of colon tissue width was cut, 2 cm long strips were made, and both sides of the tissue were secured with surgical silk at both ends of isolated bath tissues of isolated organs with (1g) tension to the suspended instrument that recorded isometric contractions. Tissue fixation is followed by drug addiction: Ach, metoclopramide, and hyoscine-N-butyl bromide. The tissue was treated with metoclopramide and hyoscine-n-butyl bromide and excess Caine for 10 min. The results show changes in colon frequency, peak-to-peak, and amplitude levels for metoclopramide, hyoscine-N-butyl, and metoclopramide and hyoscine. Apaired T-test statistically analyzes the results. Metoclopramide by itself, as well as in combination with hyoscine-n-butyl bromide, increases colon motility and induces Ach release. In addition, an analysis of the physicochemical characteristics of hyoscine-n-butyl bromide and metoclopramide molecules is conducted. The study includes theoretical calculations of electronic parameters for both protonated and unprotonated forms of these molecules in both gaseous and aqueous environments. These results show the potential use of metoclopramide as a therapeutic option for gastroenteritis with vomiting, warranting additional study, and clinical evaluation. The research also reveals hyoscine-n-butyl bromide and metoclopramide’s molecular features by their physicochemical properties

Thyroid Panel and Modified Lipid Profile among Sudanese Patients with Coronary Heart Disease

Abstract: The analytical, comparative cross-sectional study was conducted to assess the thyroid profiles and modified lipid profiles levels among Sudanese patients with coronary heart disease performed on forty-one patients with coronary heart disease as test group collected from Sudan Heart Center, Al rebat teaching hospital and Al mawada hospital in Khartoum state, during the period between November 2017 and May 2018. Furthermore, the test group compared with forty-one apparently healthy volunteers as control group was selected with the same inclusion criteria. Spectrophotometeric methods were used for measurement of lipid profile. Thyroid hormones (T3 &T4) and thyroid stimulating hormone were measured by using Sandwich Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). Moreover, statistical package for social science (SPSS version 23) computer software was used for data analysis. The study clearly demonstrated that there was statistically significant decrease in T3, and significant increase in T4 levels in test group compared to control with (P. value 0.047) for T3, and (P. value 0.002) for T4.Nonetheless, the result of this study indicated a significant elevation in mean of total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein-cholesterol levels and significant decrease in high density lipoprotein –cholesterol in test group compared to control (P.value 0.000). In conclusion Coronary heart diseases patients have significantly low Triiodothyronine, elevated Thyroxin, and normal Thyroid Stimulating Hormone levels, with significantly higher Total Cholesterol, Low Density Lipoprotein-Cholesterol concentrations, and lower HighDensity Lipoprotein-Cholesterol concentrations

Assessment of Radon Concentration in Blood Samples of Different Kinds of Cancer by Using CR-39 Nuclear Track Detectors

The goal of this work to measure the radon concentrations in twenty blood samples taken from a cancer patient and a healthy group of Erbil governorates, by using CR-39 NTD. The results obtained the average concentrations of radon in blood samples for cancer patients and the healthy group were 19.318 ±3.86 Bq/m3 and 8.5077 ±1.84 Bq/m3 respectively. The mean value of radon concentration of the cancer group is higher than the healthy group. The variation in concentrations of radon in different locations may be caused due to the variation in the nature of blood samples and nuclei content in these samples. also depending on the allergic reaction of the body to radiation. This increase could be caused by pollution of environment with radioactive materials including uranium since cancer can be caused by ionization radiation results showed that the all of concentration of radon in blood samples for cancer and healthy group were less than the global permissibility limiting of exhibition to radon 200 Bq.m−3 (IAEA, 2010.)This work owes its importance to the fact that it aims at knowing and measuring the radon concentrations in the blood samples and impact it on the cancer in particular

Statistical and Visual Analysis of Error In Interpolating Sculptured Surfaces

This paper presents a general method for automatic surface interpolation from range data and describes the implementation of high order 2D langrangian methods for interpolating surfaces from 3rd to 8th order. It uses a modified 2D lagrangian method to interpolating, reconstructing and modeling several surfaces, and due to this interpolation there will be an error between interpolated surface and the original one, this paper present an algorithm to detect, represent and analyze these interpolating errors and statistical criteria to compare the error in representing the sculptured surfaces that interpolated with different order basis functions. The comparison is performed using a mathematically defined data as real data obtained from the proposed models. The system has been implemented for the design of several sculptured surfaces to illustrate the system flexibility. Then the design results have been implemented for manufacturing two of these surfaces using three axis vertical CNC milling machine tool with ball end mill cutter. The method can be used in a variety of CAD/CAM applications and it has proven to be effective as demonstrated by a number of examples using real data from mathematical functions. By applying the proposed surface interpolating models the percent error was found to be ranged between 0.00001% for some model to 3.5% for some other interpolated models with Lagrange method