Potential demand and cost-benefit analysis of electric cars

In this study an analysis of electric family car performances is carried out. In particular, the aim of this research is to appraise the possibility of introducing electric cars in urban mobility and the evaluation of its economic feasibility. First of all, we determined the potential electric car demand, which was forecasted using a stated preference (SP) analysis. The survey was carried out at the University of Palermo considering a particular target of consumer: “the hybrid household”. A logit demand model was calibrated using the SP technique to model the choice between the electric car and the conventional one. In the second part of the work, the economic feasibility of the electric car is analysed by comparing the operating cost per kilometre of the internal combustion car with that of the electric one. Two options were analysed for electric cars: car purchase and car sharing

The development of air traffic in Sicily

The aim of this work is to analyse the air traffic development that interested the airport system in Sicily, consisting of the airport of Palermo “Falcone –Borsellino”, the airport of Catania “Fontanarossa” and that one of Trapani-Birgi “Vincenzo Florio”. The analysis of the possible growth of air traffic volume and performance in Sicily was mainly suggested by the growing importance of the Mediterranean region like a new crossroad of the worldwide traffic on the East-West line. It gives a new chance for the development of this area that mustn’t be loosed. Globalization and the migrant flows from South and East towards the Western Europe, makes of the southern Italy a strategic knot for passengers and goods movements. So, new investments and infrastructures improvements that will be realized in this area are a value added not only for the southern Italy but also for the whole country. We have examined the potential demand attraction for passengers and goods movements in the Sicilian airports considered. For a more careful evaluation of the changes occurred into Sicilian air transport system, the research aimed to: § determine their "catchment area" through the evaluation of accessibility (isochrones); § analyse the air traffic data and the existing degree of integration, not only between the airports and the area, but also in terms of demand in the short and in the long period. Finally, we have evaluated the possibility of integration of traffic flows management among the two airports of Palermo and Trapani, in order to analyse if this two airports are complementary rather than competitors.

Poopćenje potencijskog zakona za proučavanje dinamičkih sustava

We present a more general description of the technique of Tsallis and co-workers, to study the behaviour of dynamical systems. We enlarge to any dimension the power-law generalization of the classical Lyapunov exponents, that was introduced by Tsallis and co-workers in one dimension. We apply the new generalization to the two-dimensional Hénon map and consider some cases.Izlažemo poopćen opis metode Tsallisa i sur. za proučavanje svojstava dinamičkih sustava. Proširujemo poopćenje potencijskog zakona klasičnih Lyapunovih eksponenata na proizvoljan broj dimenzija po uzoru na poopćenje koje su uveli Tsallis i sur. za jednu dimenziju. Primjenjujemo to poopćenje na dvodimenzijsku Henonovu mapu i razmatramo neke slučajeve

Poopćenje potencijskog zakona za proučavanje dinamičkih sustava

We present a more general description of the technique of Tsallis and co-workers, to study the behaviour of dynamical systems. We enlarge to any dimension the power-law generalization of the classical Lyapunov exponents, that was introduced by Tsallis and co-workers in one dimension. We apply the new generalization to the two-dimensional Hénon map and consider some cases.Izlažemo poopćen opis metode Tsallisa i sur. za proučavanje svojstava dinamičkih sustava. Proširujemo poopćenje potencijskog zakona klasičnih Lyapunovih eksponenata na proizvoljan broj dimenzija po uzoru na poopćenje koje su uveli Tsallis i sur. za jednu dimenziju. Primjenjujemo to poopćenje na dvodimenzijsku Henonovu mapu i razmatramo neke slučajeve

Self-assembled Amphotericin B Pharmacosome like Vesicles Derived from Lipid-based Microtubes: a Model Carrier to Further Explore

Background: Self-assembled drug delivery systems are of much interest since they can be produced by simple low cost and solvent-free procedures. Pharmacosomes are supramolecular-structured nanocarriers with benefits for drug stability and targeting delivery. Amphotericin B (AmB) still remains an important agent for the treatment of invasive mold infections, e.g invasive aspergillo-sis, although the challenge for new formulations is still prevailing due to high rates of toxicity. Objective: We have previously reported the incorporation of AmB into 12-hydroxystearic acid lipid-based microtubes (MTs) for topical use, herein we report the ability of AmB-MTs to self-assemble into vesicles upon dilution. Methods: AmB-MTs with different drug concentrations (1, 3, 5 mg/ml) were prepared, and size de-termination was carried out for different dilutions. Morphology was evaluated by microscopy. In vitro cytotoxicity was evaluated in Vero cells and in vitro activity against Aspergillus fumigatus and Asper-gillus flavus was assessed. Results: AmB-MTs closed upon dilution to form vesicles ranging from 200 nm to 1µm. AmB MIC (Minimum inhibitory concentration) for both Aspergillus species was 0.0625 and 0.125 µg/ml for dis-persion and reconstituted lyophilized, respectively. Conclusion: AmB pharmacosome-like vesicles are smaller structures than MTs may thus be favoura-ble for other delivery routes. We assume that this kind of pharmacosomes-like carrier is a promising model for the obtention of new vesicular carriers based on lipid MTs.Fil: Salerno, Claudia. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica; ArgentinaFil: Cuestas, María Luján. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Instituto de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Médica. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Médica; ArgentinaFil: Manco, Karina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica; ArgentinaFil: Chiappetta, Diego Andrés. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Lucangioli, Silvia Edith. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica; Argentin

Is Italian Dentists' Knowledge of Enamel Development Defects Adequate? A Nationwide Survey.

OBJECTIVES Correct identification and management of Developmental Defects of Enamel (DDEs) are essential to provide the best possible treatment. The present survey aims to investigate Italian dentists' knowledge of DDEs, their ability to recognise the different clinical pictures, and to choose the most appropriate clinical approach. METHODS A cross-sectional survey was planned based on a questionnaire including 27 closed-ended questions, and that proposed 4 clinical pictures, molar incisor hypomineralisation (MIH), amelogenesis imperfecta (AI), dental fluorosis (DF), and an initial caries lesion (ICL). It was distributed by e-mail to all Italian dentists (N = 63,883) through the Italian Federation of Doctors and Dentists. Discrete variables were expressed as absolute and relative frequencies (%). A multivariate analysis assessed whether socio-demographic variables correlated with the answers' truthfulness. RESULTS About 5017 questionnaires were included and analysed. Although 90.19% of the sample stated that they had received information on DDEs, a significant percentage did not recognise MIH (36.36%), AI (48.34%), DF (71.50%), and ICL (46.62%). Only 57.07% correctly classified enamel hypomineralisation as a qualitative defect, and even fewer, 54.45%, classified enamel hypoplasia as a quantitative defect. According to the logistic regressions, female dentists, dentists who treat mainly children and received information about DDEs, were more likely to recognise the 4 clinical pictures (P < .01). CONCLUSIONS Italian dentists showed many knowledge gaps on DDEs that need to be filled; those who received formal training were more capable of correctly identifying the defects and were more likely to prescribe an appropriate management approach for the defects. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Increasing university courses and continuing education on diagnosing and managing DDEs seems reasonable to fill the knowledge gap on DDEs

Silver Diamine Fluoride (SDF) Efficacy in Arresting Cavitated Caries Lesions in Primary Molars: A Systematic Review and Metanalysis.

A systematic review and meta-analysis were carried out to evaluate the efficacy of silver diamine fluoride (SDF) in controlling caries progression in cavitated primary molars. A search for randomized and non-randomized trials with follow-up &gt; 6 months was performed using PubMed, Scopus and Embase. The Cochrane risk of bias tools were used for the quality assessment. The success rate and odds ratios were chosen to calculate the effect size for the meta-analysis. A total of 792 papers were identified and 9 were selected. A high variability regarding SDF application protocol was found; otherwise, caries arrest was always recorded using visual/tactile methods. Two studies were judged at low risk of bias, six at moderate risk and one at high risk. Data from five studies were aggregated for meta-analysis. Heterogeneity was found moderate (I2 = 35.69%, p = 0.18). SDF application was found to be overall effective (fixed effect model) in arresting caries progression (ES = 0.35, p &lt; 0.01). In a total of 622 arrested lesions, out of 1205 considered, the caries arrest rate was 51.62% ± 27.40% (Confidence = 1.55) using SDF ≥ 38% applied annually or biannually. In conclusion, when applied to active cavitated caries lesions in primary molars, SDF appears to be effective in arresting dental caries progression, especially if applied biannually

COVID-19 Pandemic and Remote Consultations in Children: A Bibliometric Analysis.

Telemedicine is becoming a standard method of consultation, and the COVID-19 pandemic has increased its need. Telemedicine is suitable for non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in the pediatric population, as these are chronic conditions that affect many children worldwide. The aim of this study was to analyze the bibliometric parameters of publications on the use of telemedicine for the most common NCDs in children before and after the COVID-19 pandemic. Following the electronic search, 585 records were selected. "Metabolic diseases" was the most frequent topic before and after the pandemic, accounting for 34.76% in 2017-2019 and 33.97% in 2020-2022. The average IF of the journals from which records were retrieved was 5.46 ± 4.62 before and 4.58 ± 2.82 after the pandemic, with no significant variation. The number of citations per reference averaged 14.71 ± 17.16 in 2017-2019 (95% CI: 12.07; 17.36) and 5.54 ± 13.71 in 2020-2022 (95% CI: 4.23; 6.86). Asthma, metabolic diseases, and neurodevelopmental disorders were the most explored topics. A relevant finding concerns the increasing number of observational studies after the pandemic, with a reduction of the interventional studies. The latter type of study should be recommended as it can increase the evaluation of new strategies for the management of NCDs

Use of Visual Pedagogy to Help Children with ASDs Facing the First Dental Examination: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASDs) are neurodevelopmental disorders that don't have a direct effect on oral health, but severe difficulties in oral hygiene and dental procedures expose people with ASDs to an increased risk of oral diseases. This RCT aimed to evaluate which pedagogical tool was the best to prepare children with ASDs for their first dental examination, either video or photo aids. Two different criteria were used to evaluate their efficacy: the achieved steps into which the procedure was divided (n = 8), and the level of cooperation according to the Frankl Behavioral Scale. One hundred-thirteen subjects were randomly assigned to the two groups and 84 subjects completed the trial (Video group n = 41; Photo group n = 43). A predictive model for the achievement of the Preliminary (1-4) or Dental (4-8) steps was performed using a multivariate logistic regression procedure. Children in the Video group achieved more steps, but the comparison between groups was statistically significant only for the Preliminary steps (p = 0.04). The percentage of subjects judged as cooperating was similar in the two groups. The results of this study underline that behavioural intervention should be used as an effective strategy to prepare subjects with ASDs for a dental examination

Multiple Topoisomerase I (TopoI), Topoisomerase II (TopoII) and Tyrosyl-DNA Phosphodiesterase (TDP) inhibitors in the development of anticancer drugs

DNA Topoisomerases (Topos) are ubiquitous nuclear enzymes involved in regulating the topological state of DNA and, in eukaryotic organisms, Topos can be classified into two structurally and functionally different main classes: TopoI and TopoII. Both these enzymes proved to be excellent targets of clinically significant classes of anticancer drugs. Actually, TopoI or II inhibitors show considerable wide spectrum antitumor activities, an important feature to be included in many chemotherapeutic protocols. Despite their clinical efficacy, the use of inhibitors targeting only one of the two enzymes can increase the levels of the other one, favouring the onset of unwanted phenomena such as drug resistance. Therefore, targeting both TopoI and TopoII can reduce the probability of developing resistance, as well as side effects thanks to the use of lower doses, given the synergistic effect of the dual activity. Moreover, since drug resistance is also due to DNA repair systems such as tyrosyl-DNA phosphodiesterases I and II, inhibiting Topoisomerases concomitantly to Tyrosyl-DNA phosphodiesterase enzymes could allow more efficient and safe drugs. This review represents an update of previous works reporting about dual TopoI and TopoII inhibitors, but also an overview of the new strategy regarding the development of derivatives able to simultaneously inhibit Topo and TDP enzymes, with particular attention to structure-affinity relationship studies. The newly collected de-rivatives are described focusing attention on their chemical structures and their biological profiles. The final aim is to highlight the structural requirements necessary for the development of potent multiple modulators of these targets, thus providing new potential antitumor agents for the clinical usage