Experimental Investigation on the Effectiveness of Truss-Shaped Punching Shear Reinforcement in Flat Slab

The use of reinforced concrete flat slabs in building construction increases the floor-to-floor clearance, expedites site operations, and offers aesthetically rewarding features. However, punching shear failure in a flat slab is brittle in nature and can be potentially catastrophic. Many studies have been conducted to improve the punching shear capacity of flat slabs but some of the proposed punching shear reinforcements were complicated and costly. This research aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a simple and cost-effective; truss-shaped punching shear reinforcement embedded in a 1200 mm × 1200 mm × 175 mm thick flat slab specimen. Three types of truss-shaped punching shear reinforcements were prepared. All specimens were supported at the edges and subjected to gravity load tests. The results showed that the introduction of truss-shaped punching shear reinforcement increased the punching shear capacity in the range of 7.71% to 21.47%. The maximum deflection of these specimens exhibited an insignificant increase compared to the control specimen, suggesting that punching failure governed the ultimate behavior. The additional strength offered by truss-shaped punching shear reinforcement makes flat slabs as a construction material more appealing because they allow them to withstand higher design loads

Performance of Lightweight Foamed Concrete with Waste Clay Brick as Coarse Aggregate

AbstractPerformances of lightweight foamed concretes that are made from partial substitution of waste clay brick as coarse aggregate has been investigated in this study. The research aims were to identify the properties and characteristic of lightweight foamed concrete using waste clay brick as alternative materials to reduce the depletion of normal coarse aggregate from granite. Four different percentages of concrete mixtures using new coarse aggregate have been prepared that consist of 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% waste clay brick. Foamed were injected into concrete mixture to produce lightweight concrete with appropriate proportions. The samples have undergone several testing including compression test, water absorption test, workability test and density test. From the results obtained, lightweight concrete that were produced with 25% substitution of waste clay brick showed the highest compressive strength of 25MPa with density of 1647kg/m3

Experimental Investigation on the Effectiveness of Truss-Shaped Punching Shear Reinforcement in Flat Slab

The use of reinforced concrete flat slabs in building construction increases the floor-to-floor clearance, expedites site operations, and offers aesthetically rewarding features. However, punching shear failure in a flat slab is brittle in nature and can be potentially catastrophic. Many studies have been conducted to improve the punching shear capacity of flat slabs but some of the proposed punching shear reinforcements were complicated and costly. This research aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a simple and cost-effective; truss-shaped punching shear reinforcement embedded in a 1200 mm × 1200 mm × 175 mm thick flat slab specimen. Three types of truss-shaped punching shear reinforcements were prepared. All specimens were supported at the edges and subjected to gravity load tests. The results showed that the introduction of truss-shaped punching shear reinforcement increased the punching shear capacity in the range of 7.71% to 21.47%. The maximum deflection of these specimens exhibited an insignificant increase compared to the control specimen, suggesting that punching failure governed the ultimate behavior. The additional strength offered by truss-shaped punching shear reinforcement makes flat slabs as a construction material more appealing because they allow them to withstand higher design loads

Stability of a six storey steel frame structure

The world nowadays requires more tall buildings to overcome limited land space and creating high esthetic value. However, these high rise buildings require high frame structure stability for safety and design purposes. This research focused on non linear geometric analysis to be compared to previous studies on linear analysis. The linear analysis did not consider deformed configuration which can be considered as least accurate. On top of this, several designers did not incorporate the wind load which could lead to sway effect to tall buildings. In this study, a six storey 2-D steel frame structure with twenty four meter height has been selected to be idealized as tall building model. The model was analyzed by using SAP2000 structural analysis software with the consideration of geometric non linear effect. At the same time, several factors including the use of bracing, varying distributed loads on beam’s element and an increased in column size at bottom part of the building were also applied to study the sway and stability of the building. In addition, several cases including placing a fully bracing, bracing at half height of the building and alternate bracing were also studied. This study showed that a steel frame with the consideration of wind load produce greater sway value as compared to the steel frame without wind load. The sway prediction by using linear analysis was found to be less than 4% compared to the sway prediction from non linear analysis. This indicates that the non linear analysis is vital and significant element to be adopted for the analysis of tall building. The study also found that the use of bracing system results in small sway values compared to the frame without bracing system. As for consideration to costing aspect, the use of alternate bracing provide better option compared to half bracing in terms of stability of the building. The analysis results also showed that the adjustment of distributed load at upper part of steel frame structure able to provide different sway values, creating higher stiffness at lower part of the building which reduces the sway values and increases the stability of the building. SAP2000 software is found as reliable tool in evaluating structural analysis especially when involving non linear analysi