Simple Efficient Routes for the Preparation of Pyrazoleamines and Pyrazolopyrimidines: Regioselectivity of Pyrazoleamines Reactions with Bidentate Reagents

Simple and efficient routes for the preparation of 2-amino-5-phenyl-4,5-dihydrofuran-3-carbonitrile (12), 2-oxo-5-phenyl-tetrahydrofuran-3-carbonitrile (13) and the 3,5-diaminopyrazole derivative 2h were developed. The results of the reactivity profiles of 12 and 2h are reported and the previously investigated reaction of pyrazole-3,5-diamine (2b) with acrylonitrile to yield compound (31), a N-1 acylation product, is currently justified by using X-ray crystallographic analysis. Taken together, the observation of alkenes and alkynes substitution when reacting with 3,5-diaminopyrazole derivative 2h is explained by the terminal electron withdrawing group. This pattern of substitution is attributed to involvement of sterically unhindered electrophiles primarily at the N-1 position. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License

Arylazoazines and arylazoazoles as interesting disperse dyes: Recent developments with emphasis on our contribution laboratory outcomes

In this review, we report a survey on the synthesis and application of arylazoazines and arylazoazoles as versatile disperse dyes. Recent reports on the synthesis of arylazonicotinates via condensing arylhydrazonals with active methylene nitriles in acetic acid in presence of ammonium acetate is surveyed. The scope and limitations of this synthetic approach which in some cases afford pyridazinones or arylazonicotinates is defined. Microwave assisted as well as ultra sound assisted synthesis of arylazopyridones as established marketed dyes is also surveyed. Conversion of these arylazopyridones into arylazothienopyridones that can de converted into arylazoisoquinoline derivatives is discussed. Synthesis of arylazopyrazoles and pyrazolopyrimidines via microwave or ultra sound is discussed. The utility of the synthesized compounds as well as antimicrobial disperse dyes and efforts to define their potentialities are also covered

Laterally stretched polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: synthesis of dibenzophenanthroheptaphene and tetrabenzotriphenylenopyranthrene derivatives

Efficient methods for the synthesis of dibenzophenanthroheptaphene (DBPH) and tetrabenzotriphenylenopyranthrene (TBTP) were developed. As a result, a series of unprecedented derivatives of DBPH (1a–c) and TBTP (2a–b) were conventionally obtained from the Scholl cyclodehydrogenation reaction of their respective tribenzopentaphene synthons. An alternative convergent synthesis of DBPH is also shown herein. The novel compounds were fully characterized by high-resolution matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (HR-MALDI-TOF-MS), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), UV-Vis absorption and emission spectroscopy. In addition, density functional calculations were carried out to gain insight into the structure and electronic properties of these novel molecules, which corroborates the experimental observations

Review: Antimicrobial properties of apis mellifera’s bee venom

Bee venom (BV) is a rich source of secondary metabolites from honeybees (Apis mellifera L.). It contains a variety of bioactive ingredients including peptides, proteins, enzymes, and volatile metabolites. The compounds contribute to the venom’s observed biological functions as per its anti-inflammatory and anticancer effects. The antimicrobial action of BV has been shown in vitro and in vivo experiments against bacteria, viruses, and fungi. The synergistic therapeutic interactions of BV with antibiotics has been reported. The synergistic effect contributes to a decrease in the loading and maintenance dosage, a decrease in the side effects of chemotherapy, and a decrease in drug resistance. To our knowledge, there have been no reviews on the impact of BV and its antimicrobial constituents thus far. The purpose of this review is to address the antimicrobial properties of BV and its compounds

Azolyacetones as Precursors to Indoles and Naphthofurans Facilitated by Microwave Irradiation with Simultaneous Cooling

Phthalimide reacted with phenacyl bromide under microwave irradiation to yield phenacyl isoindolidene-1,3-dione (3b), while 3a reacted with phenylhydrazine to yield the phenylhydrazone 4 that was readily converted into indoylphthalimide 8. Similarly N-benzotriazolylacetone (6a) reacted with phenyl hydrazine to yield the phenylhydrazone 7a that was converted into indoylbenzotriazole 9. Treatment of 8 with hydrazine hydrate afforded a mixture of phthalhydrazide 10 and 3-amino-2-methylindole (11). Reacting enaminone 13 with naphthoquinone (14) afforded the aryl naphthofuran 17. The possibility of the formation of the aldehyde 18 was excluded based on HMQC, which revealed that the carbonyl carbon is not linked to any hydrogen

Reassignment of the Structures of Products Produced by Reactions of the Product Believed To Be 2-(1-Phenyl-2-Thiocyanatoethylidene)-malononitrile with Electrophiles

The reactivity of the product believed to be 2-(1-phenyl-2-thiocyanato-ethylidene)malononitrile toward a variety of electrophilic and nucleophilic reagents is reported