Approximate Solution of Nonlinear fractional Integro-Di erential Equations By He's Homotopy Perturbation Method And The Modi cation of He's Variational Iteration Method

In this paper, we compare the modi cation of He's variational iteration method (MVIM), and He's homotopy perturbation method (HPM), in order to obtain the approximate solution of nonlinear frac- tional integro-di erential equations of Volterra and Fredholm integro-di erential equations, we present some examples to nd out accuracy of the methods. keywords: Fractional integro-di erential equations, Caputo derivative, modi cation of He's variational iteration method, homotopy perturbation metho

A numerical Approach for solving classes of Linear and Nonlinear Volterra Integral Equations by Chebyshev polynomial

In this paper we propose a numerical method for solving classes of of linear and nonlinear Volterraintegral equations having regular as well as weakly singular kernels. The method is based upon replacingthe unknown function by a truncated shifted Chebyshev series. This yeilds either a linear system ofalgebraic equations that can be solved using matrix algebra or a nonlinear system that can be solved byNewton’s iterative method. This method is effective and so easy to apply with low cost of computingoperations. The accuracy and efficiency of the method can be shown through the illustrated numericalexamples.keywords: Volterra integral equations, Newton’s method, Simpson’s method, Chebyshev polynomials,Shifted Chebyshev polynomials.Mathematics Subject Classification: 45B05 , 45Bxx , 65R1

Approximate solution of two-dimensional Volterra integral equation by Chebyshev polynomial method and Adomian decomposition method

In this paper we investigate the numerical solution of two dimensional Volterra integral equations by two different methods, Chebyshev polynomial and Adomian decomposion method. Two numerical examples are given to illustrate the methods. Acomparison between the two methods is given. keywords: Chebyshev polynomials , Adomian decomposion method , two dimensional integral equations , collocation points

PRINSIP DEMOKRASI KONSTITUSIONAL DALAM PENYELENGGARAAN PEMILIHAN KEPALA DAERAH

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menemukan landasan filosofi dalam penyelenggaraan Pilkada di Indonesia, prinsip penyelenggaraan Pilkada menurut UUD NRI 1945, dan format penyelenggaraan Pilkada menurut UUD NRI 1945. Penelitian ini menggunakan tipe penelitian hukum normatif, dengan pendekatan peraturan perundang-undangan, konseptual, kasus, sejarah, dan perbandingan. Sumber bahan hukum yang digunakan meliputi sumber bahan hukum primer dan bahan hukum sekunder, maupun bahan non hukum. Sumber bahan hukum tersebut dilakukan analisis untuk menemukan jawaban atas isu hukum dalam penelitian ini. Berdasarkan atas hasil penelitian ditemukan bahwa landasan filosofi dalam penyelenggaran Pilkada harus didasarkan pada prinsip persatuan, prinsip kerakyatan, dan prinsip keadilan yang terkandung dalam filosofi Pancasila. Untuk prinsip penyelenggaraan Pilkada menurut UUD NRI 1945 terdiri atas prinsip kedaulatan rakyat, prinsip negara kesatuan, dan prinsip otonomi daerah. Sedangkan format penyelenggaraan Pilkada menurut UUD NRI 1945 adalah berupa format penyelenggaraan Pilkada asimetris, karena di dalamnya mengandung hak bagi daerah otonom untuk memilih mekanisme Pilkada yang sesuai dengan keragaman daerah. Atas dasar temuan inilah, maka penelitian ini merekomendasikan untuk dilakukan perubahan terhadap format Pilkada di Indonesia, dari Pilkada simetris menjadi Pilkada asimetris

Computational study of the dissociation reactions of secondary ozonide

This contribution presents a comprehensive computational study on the reactions of secondary ozonide (SOZ) with ammonia and water molecules. The mechanisms were studied in both a vacuum and the aqueous medium. All the molecular geometries were optimized using the B3LYP functional in conjunction with several basis sets. M06-2X, APFD, and ωB97XD functionals with the full basis set were also used. In addition, single-point energy calculations were performed with the G4MP2 and G3MP2 methods. Five different mechanistic pathways were studied for the reaction of SOZ with ammonia and water molecules. The most plausible mechanism for the reaction of SOZ with ammonia yields HC(O)OH, NH3, and HCHO as products, with ammonia herein acting as a mediator. This pathway is exothermic and exergonic, with an overall barrier height of only 157 kJ mol−1 using the G3MP2 method. All the reaction pathways between SOZ and water molecules are endothermic and endergonic reactions. The most likely reaction pathway for the reaction of SOZ with water involves a water dimer, in which the second water molecule acts as a mediator, with an overall barrier height of only 135 kJ mol−1 using the G3MP2 method. Solvent effects were found to incur a significant reduction in activation energies. When the second H2O molecule acts as a mediator in the reaction of SOZ with water, the barrier height of the rate-determining step state decreases significantly

Alternative technique using dual source CT imaging for assessment of myocardial perfusion

AbstractPurposeTo elucidate the diagnostic role of multidetector DSCT for the assessment of myocardial perfusion in correlation with coronary luminal integrity in a single CT scan while both tubes were operated in single energy mode.Methods and materialThirty-five patients were subjected to single acquisition contrast-enhanced, ECG-gated DSCT of the heart at rest. Postprocessing was performed generating two image sets: coronary CT angiographic images (cCTA) and myocardial perfusion images (CTP) for respective correlative assessment of coronary luminal integrity and myocardial perfusion. Perfusion defect was detected subjectively using gray scale images and the color coded first pass and color overlaid late enhancement (color attenuation) images were used for semi-objective evaluation and final objective and quantitative confirmation by density measurement.ResultsSignificant correlation and good agreement between the findings of DSCT myocardial perfusion and the findings of stenosis and its degree on cCTA on a segmental basis is noted with Cohen’s Kappa=0.67 and prevalence and bias adjusted Kappa=0.71 emphasizing the high diagnostic value of DSCT myocardial perfusion as compared to cCTA as the gold reference standard.ConclusionWe propose that comprehensive evaluation of coronary artery morphology and myocardial perfusion in patients with CAD could be achieved by single reproducible non-invasive contrast enhanced CT acquisition using DSCT scanners while operated in single energy mode with high sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic accuracy, it also has the potential to be the first, independent and stand out imaging choice in such field

Multi-parameter Entanglement in Quantum Interferometry

The role of multi-parameter entanglement in quantum interference from collinear type-II spontaneous parametric down-conversion is explored using a variety of aperture shapes and sizes, in regimes of both ultrafast and continuous-wave pumping. We have developed and experimentally verified a theory of down-conversion which considers a quantum state that can be concurrently entangled in frequency, wavevector, and polarization. In particular, we demonstrate deviations from the familiar triangular interference dip, such as asymmetry and peaking. These findings improve our capacity to control the quantum state produced by spontaneous parametric down-conversion, and should prove useful to those pursuing the many proposed applications of down-converted light.Comment: submitted to Physical Review

Entangled-Photon Generation from Parametric Down-Conversion in Media with Inhomogeneous Nonlinearity

We develop and experimentally verify a theory of Type-II spontaneous parametric down-conversion (SPDC) in media with inhomogeneous distributions of second-order nonlinearity. As a special case, we explore interference effects from SPDC generated in a cascade of two bulk crystals separated by an air gap. The polarization quantum-interference pattern is found to vary strongly with the spacing between the two crystals. This is found to be a cooperative effect due to two mechanisms: the chromatic dispersion of the medium separating the crystals and spatiotemporal effects which arise from the inclusion of transverse wave vectors. These effects provide two concomitant avenues for controlling the quantum state generated in SPDC. We expect these results to be of interest for the development of quantum technologies and the generation of SPDC in periodically varying nonlinear materials.Comment: submitted to Physical Review

Effect of Spirulina platensis extract on growth potential of in vitro culture pear

Pears are among the most economically important fruits in the world that are grown in all temperate zones. ‘Le-Cont’ rootstock pear is one of the gene sources used to improve fruit productivity, rootstock resistance, and tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses. Traditional propagation of pear. Pear is time-consuming and limited by a short growing season and hard winter conditions. Therefore, in vitro propagation is a suitable alternative method. Murashige and Skoog medium (MS) and spirulina platensis extract at 5,10 and 20 % supplemented with different concentrations (0.25, 0.5 and 1.0 mg/l) of 6-benzyladenine (BA) and kinetin (Kin), individually or in combination with them. Treatments were used for in vitro shoot proliferation. Nodal segments were used as explants. MS medium augmented was 3mg/l 6-benzyladenine (BA) plus 20 % Spirulina platensis extraction then used for shootlets proliferation of micro-shoots. A combination of 3 mg/l BA and 20 % Spirulina platensis as a growth media resulted in a significant improvement in shoot proliferation. This combination produced the highest number of shoots (2.8 per explant) and leaves (6.3 per explant) similar with those containing MS media plus 20% extraction (2.9 per explant) and leaves (6.8 per explant). The longest shoots (2.97 cm) were obtained in each previous treatment. However, these shoots were similar with those produced from classical multiplication by MS according to ISSR analysis which scored 89.1 % of mono morphism percentage and 10.1 % polymorphism. The ISSR analysis shows the highest similarity index percentage for P5-P9 0.986301