Training requirements of agricultural extension officers using Borich needs assessment model

This study is based on the opinions of selected Iraqi extension workers, regarding the type and amount of training they need, given their experience in the field. The Borich Needs Assessment Model was used for measuring training needs. The data were collected through questionnaires given to 300 respondents (agricultural workers) from January 15, 2016 to March 20, 2016. The results show that crop-planting courses have the greatest benefit. The greatest training need is skill and knowledge of teaching methods, while a moderately needed skill is the use of computer and information and communication technologies (ICT); management skills are the least needed training

Methodology: training requirement of agriculture extension officers in Iraq

Identifying training needs of structural and component in the training industry is an important process that needs to be given a high consideration. It seems difficult to identify training requirements, because of differences in the levels of the trainer experience, skills and efficiency. In-service training of the Extension Agents is the call of the time. Training needs were assessed using the Borich Needs Assessment Model, This Model is designed around the skills individuals and groups need to be effective in the future and are used for making human resources decisions. Will be modified this model with suitable in my country to achieve goal my study. Also I design conceptual framework to explain the dependent and independent variables of the study. The data collection after completed my questionnaire, validity and reliability of the instrument and doing T-test, when collect a data, the data analysis to get result and discussion. Training should not be conducted at the time of sowing and harvesting time and lectures should be carried out during the training sessions and choose time suitable for agricultural extension workers. Thus, necessary steps should be taken to identify the unfelt needs of the agricultural extension workers and strengthen their knowledge, skills and attitudes required for performing their job efficiently

Design and Implementation of an Embedded System for Software Defined Radio

In this paper, developing high performance software for demanding real-time embedded systems is proposed. This software-based design will enable the software engineers and system architects in emerging technology areas like 5G Wireless and Software Defined Networking (SDN) to build their algorithms. An ADSP-21364 floating point SHARC Digital Signal Processor (DSP) running at 333 MHz is adopted as a platform for an embedded system. To evaluate the proposed embedded system, an implementation of frame, symbol and carrier phase synchronization is presented as an application. Its performance is investigated with an on line Quadrature Phase Shift keying (QPSK) receiver. Obtained results show that the designed software is implemented successfully based on the SHARC DSP which can utilized efficiently for such algorithms. In addition, it is proven that the proposed embedded system is pragmatic and capable of dealing with the memory constraints and critical time issue due to a long length interleaved coded data utilized for channel coding

PARAMETRIC STUDY OF LAMINAR FREE CONVECTION IN HORIZONTAL ANNULUS WITH AND WITHOUT FINS ON THE INNER CYLINDER

An experimental and numerical study has been carried out to investigate the heat transfer by natural convection in air-filled annulus between two horizontal isothermal concentric cylinders with and without annular fins under steady state conditions; the inner cylinder surface is maintained at a higher temperature and the outer cylinder surface at a lower one. In the experimental study, the annulus inner surface is maintained at high temperature by applying uniform heat flux to the inner cylinder while the annulus outer surface is subjected to ambient temperature and maintained at low temperature. The experiments were curried out at a range of Rayleigh number (1.81×103 – 4.03×104) for case without fins and (1.08×103 – 2.94×104) for case with fins, at different diameter ratios (η = 2.0, 2.6 and 3.0). The results showed that: (1) increasing the diameter ratio(η) strongly increases the heat transfer rate, (2) increasing Rayleigh number increases the heat transfer rate for any η and (3) attaching annular fins to the inner cylinder surface of (No. of fins/cm) of 1.25 and (fin height/gap width) of 0.143, 0.186 and 0.286 reduced the mean Nusselt number ( Nu) within (16.3 - 29.7) percent of that for the case without fins at the same Rayleigh number. In the numerical study, only the case without fins was investigated. The buoyancy driven fluid flow resulting from the temperature difference between the cylinders, is assumed to be steady, laminar, two dimensional and symmetric about the vertical center-line. Only half of the domain needs to be modeled from symmetry considerations. Navier-Stokes and energy equations are expressed in vorticity-stream function form and discretized via finite difference method. The Rayleigh number (based on gap width) varied from l02 to l05 with the influence of diameter ratio obtained near a Rayleigh number of 104. Results for the local and mean Nusselt number, the contour maps of the streamlines and isotherms are presented, to show some of the flow and heat transfer characteristics. The results numerically obtained showed a good agreement with the present experimental data

Needs of Farmers for Guidance Publication to the Development of Agricultural Extension in Anbar, Iraq

Guidance publication one of the most important sources of information for farmers about crop techniques,knowledge, and cropping information to get high productivity. Targeted research to asses the relationship between the wheat grower information level and recommendations of the Scientific pamphlet of wheat and some independent variables studied, as well as identify social characteristics, and functional for extension workers, and determine the reasons for non-use of the indicative releases from the point of view of agricultural workers. Iraq determines the research community in all extension agents to maintain a (92 Advisor) and sample farmer b (145 farms) of village farmers discussed (414) farms, selected a random sample of 35% of the province's villages and all of the following villages: ( Qusaiba village, Parwana and sons Hassan and corner Walnhih , Znkorh and the village of Black Hill).Data were collected by personal interview from 3 January  to 28 March 2014 through the resolution, analysis of research data on the frequencies, percentages and arithmetic mean, standard deviation, range, as any simple correlation coefficient.  The most significant results show that (18.6%) are small and that the information category (31, 7%), them with the information medium, and that (49.6%) They are with high information. Moral relationship at 0.01 level (0.05) between the level of agricultural information and (Gender, age, cultural openness, sources of information), and non-moral moral level 0, 05 for each of the following independent variables (marital status, Farming, engagement, agricultural property type, participate in outreach activities, the trend towards agricultural innovations). Keywords: Guidance Publication, Farmers, Field crops, Agricultural Extension, and Iraq

Training needs of agriculture extension officers in Iraq

This paper examines the training needs of extension agents in Iraq agriculture, specifically, the practice of different extension approaches, activities, methods and principal problems of extension agents in their fieldwork. Training in any form is intrinsic to organizational effectiveness and efficiency training. The type of training given to an individual who is gainfully employed but requires certain knowledge and skills to improve his efficiency. The purposes of this paper are 1) investigating the training needs for extension agents to perform their work effectively, 2) suggesting the suitable extension method for the present agricultural extension service in Iraq, and 3) identifying the primary functions and major problems of extension agents in Iraq 4) identifying the training needs in these study according to the areas of studies. In-service training of the Extension Agents is the call of the time. Training needs were assessed using the Borich Needs Assessment Model, This Model is designed around the skills individuals and groups need to be effective in the future and are used for making human resources decisions. Through trained Agricultural Extension Agents new agricultural technology can easily and favorably be transferred to clientele. According to the centralized administration, the extension workers have being practicing mostly the training and visit system in a top-down Iraq. Due to the non-involvement of local people in the extension program planning, implementation, and decision-making process, the extension service developed inefficiently. Therefore, the extension workers, researchers, and local farmers should cooperate in the extension work, especially in the planning, implementation, and evaluation of the extension program to develop the extension service in Iraq Agriculture. The local farmers should be involved in the decision-making process because they are really facing the problems in their field. All extension workers and subject matter specialists are now interested in implementing PEA in the future in the agricultural extension service

Analyses of training needs to improve job performance using model borich need assessment with theory of self-efficacy

This purpose of the study is to identify the training needs of Iraqi agricultural extension workers in three (3) provinces. The study includes a conceptual framework, analytical framework, description of the study area, sources and procedures for data collection. The statistical tools used for analyzing the data collected are descriptive analysis, ANOVA one way, T-test and Chi-square, correlation analysis, Multiple Linear Regressions and also used model Borich needs assessment for measurement training needs. The objective of the study is to examine the relationship between the Method Article Saleh et al.; ARJA, 3(3): xxx-xxx, 2017; Article no.ARJA.30708 2 training needs of respondents in agricultural extension work and social demographic factors. This study revealed a significant relationship between training needs and provinces (P-value = 0.029), marital status (P-value = 0.007), number of training courses attended (P-value = 0.149), location of work (P-value = 0.007), training (X2 P-value = 0.043) and experience. Conversely, the relationship between training needs and specialization, age, gender, education level, origin, background of the family and experience in farming were found to be insignificant. T-test and Chi-Square statistical analyses were used to analyze the relationship between training needs and gender, experience in farming, family background, origin, and training courses attended. ANOVA analysis was used to analyze the relationship between training needs and provinces, specialization, work location and marital status. In addition, correlation analysis was also used to determine the relationship between training needs and age, experience in agricultural extension, education level and a number of training courses attended

Evaluation of ICTs access, use and preferences for livelihood resilience: results from a survey of Malaysian fisher folks

Purpose: This paper examined access, use and preferences of Information Communication Technologies (ICTs) for weather and flood risk communication towards livelihood resilience (LR) of agricultural communities. Methodology: Cross-sectional data were randomly collected from 362 fishers in east-coast Malaysia and analysed using descriptive statistics. Findings: Communication ICTs accessed are radio, television, mobile phone and social media, while fishing-based ICTs are sonar system, GPRS, echo sounder and wireless. Majority of the fisher folks uses mobile phones and social media for both weather, flood risk communication and advisory services. Preferred ICTs for advisory services are mobile phones, followed by television, while for weather and flood risks, television and social media are the most preferred. Practical Implication: Increased innovative ICTs use, especially the preferred ICTs identified can prove more effective and helpful in achieving governments’ and regional priorities of creating more flood awareness and inciting flood risks perception, hence adaptation action for LR. Theoretical Implication: This research highlights the important role ICTs plays in building LR and the relevance of using preferred communication platforms for effective communication. Originality: This paper contributes to the scarce literature on the relevance of the use of ICTs in building LR within agricultural communities while extending grassroots’ contribution towards achieving LR through expressed preferences of communication platforms

Adult learning and lifelong learning and their socio-economic contribution

This paper provides a synthesis learning from in adult learning literature. The paper starts by looking the rationale for adult learning which has its roots on informal learning. It offers in a nutshell some benefit of learning from adult education perspective. The paper provides a substantiation of a wide-ranging perspective of learning that accommodate social aspect of life than a narrowly understood classroom learning for certification. This paper intends to identify the immediate results of learning, offer the understanding of how learning influence on outcomes and offer practical examples from previous research. Last but not the least, the paper concludes by highlighting the wide understanding of learning from an adult education perspective

The Learning Experience of Iraq Middle-Aged Adult Learner in Online Undergraduate Degree

This paper has based an interview with an Iraq Middle-aged adult female to gain her experience at how she completed an online course in Iraq. The paper presents findings from a case study which explored insights of her experience in online English programme in Iraq. The research questions focused on why Middle-aged adult learners could carry on and complete the programme, what factors supported her completion of the programme, and which conditions seemed to slow down the process. Findings from the interviews suggest that interaction in the learning, accessibility of the programme and encouragement from others were some of the factors that facilitated the completion of the programme. However, multiple roles for female students, technology related problems and disappointment were some of the major challenges for completion of the programme. Keywords: online course; Middle-aged; adult learning; interviews