The Impact and Cost of Power Load Shedding to Domestic Consumers

The widespread and growing phenomenon of power load shedding has emerged as one of the principal supply-side constraints to growth of the economy of Pakistan. Not only has this led to significant losses of output, employment and exports but also during periods of high outages there have been large-scale protests, particularly in Punjab and KPK. Households have faced severe disruptions due to the high and growing incidence of load shedding. These have led to mass protests on streets resulting in disruption of other economic activities. As such, the economic return of reducing outages and of facilitating the process of adjustment to these outages is likely to be high. This paper provides an approach and methodology for quantifying cost of load shedding to households in Pakistan. It is organised as follows: Section 2 highlights some key trends in the power sector of Pakistan. Section 3 will present a detailed literature review on the methodology used for quantification of costs due to outages. Section 4 describes the methodology used for qualification of costs due to outages and for estimation of willingness to pay. Section 5 presents estimates of the cost of load shedding in the domestic sector of Pakistan. Finally, Section 6 highlights the major policy implications emerging from the research

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The human society consists of two main pillars; male and female. Islam balanced mankind by addressing the issue of a female in a society and showed her duties and role in a society. The most happy Muslim family is the family which takes care of its children and raise them according to good morals. Raising a baby regardless of her sex is very important but raising a female baby needs some highest level of attention. Marriage is one of the very important event in Muslim society which is Sunnah of Prophet Muhammad PBUH. Islam gave much importance to marriage as well because its foundation of a family. Raising a female member of a family is a responsibility given by Islam to every parent. In view of this topic I have decided to write about Prophet PBUH methodology about raising a female child. Descriptive and Applied method is used in this Article. Keywords: Human Society, Muslim Family, Responsibility, Female baby, Parent

Death Penalty Suspension Approach in Pakistan with Chinese Characteristics

Since the death penalty abolition campaign started, Pakistan is lagging behind to do any substantive reforms in the penal system. The reason for retention of death penalty is rooted in the Islamic injunctions which Pakistan being Islamic Republic cannot ignore. Any contradictory provision will be declared null and void and unconstitutional as the preamble of Constitution of Pakistan 1973 expressly mention it. Keeping in mind the case of Pakistan where complete abolition seems difficult but is willing to reduce it to maximum extent. The article doing a comparative analysis of penal system of Pakistan and China, bring a suitable model that can help reduce the death penalty. Pertaining to the situation of China which is also ambitious to reduce the execution but not convinced yet to complete abolition, the Chinese model of “suspended death penalty” which is well recognized and practical to reduce the executions can serve as a good model for Pakistan to follow. The article will provide the analysis of situation of Pakistan penal system and the compatibility of Chinese model as a perfect extension for reducing the number of executions though not complete abolition. It also narrates the working mechanism of suspended death penalty of China and its effectivity regarding civilizing death penalty regime. Keywords: Death penalty, suspended death penalty, abolition, China, Pakistan penal code

Discrimination in Nationality Laws: A case study of Pakistan

Citizenship is one of the fundamental human rights mentioned in Article 15 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Pakistan ratified the declaration in 1948. However, Pakistan is still lagging behind in achieving the objectives of the Convention on Human Rights and gender-based discrimination persists in the Pakistan Citizenship Act. Under section 10 of Citizenship Act 1951, a married Pakistani man is allowed to obtain Pakistani citizenship for his foreigner wife, but there is no parallel provision for the female citizen of Pakistan to transfer her nationality to her foreigner spouse. Pakistan ratified also the convention on the elimination of all kind of discrimination against women in 1996, but there is not satisfactory implementation in terms of equal rights. The researcher aims to highlight the legal protection of women's rights in Pakistan and to identify the area of ​​inequality and discrimination in the Pakistan Citizenship Act. The article analyzes that many political, social, cultural and religious factors are contributing to this situation and, with such complexities, the fabricated right involved is also partial to grant equal rights to women. The research shows that the less number of women legislators, lack of awareness, low status of women in Pakistan, stereotypical division of labor, misinterpretation of the teachings of Islam and Koran, nationalist ideologies and interests, are some of the factors responsible for the promulgation of discriminatory laws in the country. The study is qualitative in nature and the reference cases and judgments involved have been taken to highlight the situation of victims to analyze the effects of such laws on female citizens. At the end, this study proposes some recommendations for legislatures to ensure equality and repeal or amend discriminating laws against women in Pakistan. Key words: Pakistan, Gender discrimination, Nationality law, Equalit

Conventional Cold steel and Modern technique BiZact LigaSure for tonsillectomy: A comparative analysis

Background & Objective: One of the bulk number of operations carried out at otorhinolaryngology department across globe is Tonsillectomy. With the advent of refined surgical tools along with surgical approaches, the conventional methods are now taken over by these new interventions. The study aims to explore the use and advantages of BiZact LigaSure tonsillectomy as compared to the old conventional method. Material & Methods: A comparative  study was conducted using non-probability purposive sampling technique at Aziz Fatimah Hospital, Faisalabad. 100 participants were divided in two groups. Group A (50 patients) underwent BiZact LigaSure tonsillectomy and Group B (50 patients) with conventional cold steel method. Per-operative variables such as Blood loss and Operative time and Post-operative variable such as Pain was assessed. The data was analyzed in SPSS 20 using independent t- test. Results: The mean age in group A and B was 12, 12 respectively. The blood loss calculated in Group A patients undergoing BiZact LigaSure tonsillectomy was 0.390.15 ml and in Group B 15.92.65 ml. The mean operation time in group A and B was calculated as 4.260.66 and 32.385.56. Both of these variables were recorded as highly significant as the P value = 0.000. Pain was assessed using the VAS pain scale. Post-operative pain variable was also recorded as highly significant variable. Conclusion: The study concludes that BiZact ligaSure tonsillectomy is more effective and safe procedure than the conventional cold steel method. This new intervention significantly reduces the blood loss during surgeries, operative time and post-operative pain

A COMPREHENSIVE STUDY ON RELATIONSHIP OF DIABETES MELLITUS (TYPE 2) AND OBESITY IN PAKISTAN

Introduction: Type 2 diabetes mellitus is one of the most common public health issues worldwide and its incidence is on the rise, particularly in middle-income and low-income countries. Objectives of the study: The main objective of the study is to analyze the relationship of diabetes mellitus (type 2) and obesity in Pakistan. Methodology of the study: The cross sectional study was conducted at Allied Hospital Faisalabad during March 2018 till August 2018 The data was collected from 200 diabetic patients who visited the OPD of the hospital. The data was collected through a questionnaire. We assess the nutritional and economic health of patients by asking some survey questions. From the large pool of data we select health status, diet quality, lifestyle, food culture, food security, and demographic information of the selected patients. The economic and health status describe the level of awareness regarding disease. Results: The data were collected from 200 diabetic patients. We also collect the basic characteristics of patients and compared these values with normal values. So we can find that diseases person have more blood pressure value as compared to normal. The demographical conditions of the patients explains the co-efficient and standard error values. The level of confidence interval is 90 and 95 in this table for the significant value. Conclusion: It is concluded that T2DM patients require reinforcement of DM education including dietary management through stakeholders (health-care providers, health facilities, etc.) to encourage them to understand the disease management better, for more appropriate self-care and better quality of life

Conventional Cold steel and Modern technique BiZact LigaSure for tonsillectomy: A comparative analysis

Background & Objective: One of the bulk number of operations carried out at otorhinolaryngology department across globe is Tonsillectomy. With the advent of refined surgical tools along with surgical approaches, the conventional methods are now taken over by these new interventions. The study aims to explore the use and advantages of BiZact LigaSure tonsillectomy as compared to the old conventional method. Material & Methods: A comparative  study was conducted using non-probability purposive sampling technique at Aziz Fatimah Hospital, Faisalabad. 100 participants were divided in two groups. Group A (50 patients) underwent BiZact LigaSure tonsillectomy and Group B (50 patients) with conventional cold steel method. Per-operative variables such as Blood loss and Operative time and Post-operative variable such as Pain was assessed. The data was analyzed in SPSS 20 using independent t- test. Results: The mean age in group A and B was 12, 12 respectively. The blood loss calculated in Group A patients undergoing BiZact LigaSure tonsillectomy was 0.390.15 ml and in Group B 15.92.65 ml. The mean operation time in group A and B was calculated as 4.260.66 and 32.385.56. Both of these variables were recorded as highly significant as the P value = 0.000. Pain was assessed using the VAS pain scale. Post-operative pain variable was also recorded as highly significant variable. Conclusion: The study concludes that BiZact ligaSure tonsillectomy is more effective and safe procedure than the conventional cold steel method. This new intervention significantly reduces the blood loss during surgeries, operative time and post-operative pain

Excessive Use of Death Penalty as Stoppage Tool for Terrorism: Wrongful Death Executions in Pakistan

Wrongful death executions regardless of how infrequent, are a reminder of the fallibility of the justice system and a stain on its well-deserved reputation. The purpose of present study is to highlight the black evil of wrongful death executions in Pakistan while encountering terrorism. The data has been collected from World Justice Project, Pakistan Justice Project, newspapers and human rights reports. After an in-depth analysis of the literature and statistical data, our main findings reveals that incompetent investigation, judicial system, inadequate resources, outdated laws, institutional corruption and unclearly defined Anti-Terrorism Act 1997 lead to high level of wrongful executions under the cover of terrorism in Pakistan.  In addition, it transformational reforms are highly recommended in investigation agencies and judiciary at all level for the delivery of justice. Keywords: wrongful convictions; death executions; terrorism; criminal justice system DOI: 10.7176/JLPG/81-0

Rearing of Trilocha varians (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae) on Ficus benjamina and its Parasitization with Trichogramma chilonis

Ficus benjamina commonly known as weeping fig is an ornamental that planted alongside the road to increase the aesthetic value. Leaf eating caterpillar, Trilocha varians was observed on Ficus benjamina and many other ornamental plants in the surrounding area of Muhammad Nawaz Shareef University. Large larval population was recorded on fig plants with 100 % defoliation. The rearing of Trilocha varians on F. benjamina was carried out under controlled conditions and parasitism of Trichogramma chilonis on eggs were checked. Incubation period was 5-6 days while single female laid 150-210 eggs in her whole life period. With five larval instars, duration period of 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th was 2.0 days, 3-5 days, 2-4 days, 3-6 days and 3-7 days, respectively. Pupa was obtect in nature. Mated and unmated female were long lived as compared to male, 7.50 and 9.25 % egg parasitization was recorded at 16 and 24 hours of exposure, respectively. The coefficient variations were 89.50, 55.92, 42.21 and 29.59 at 12, 16, 20 and 24 h. To determine the larval damage, five different host plants belonging to moraceae family were used. The moderate damage of larvae was observed on Ficus religiosa. The severe feeding damage was observed on F. benjamina and F. virens, while M. alba and F. elastica were found not favorable hosts of T. varians. The study concluded that Trichogramma chilonis was recorded the most suitable parasitoid of T. varians and further need to record the natural enemies of the pest in the country