MEASURES FOR NON-PERMITTING OF DELIVERY AND SPREADING OF SEVERE ACUTE RESPIRATORY SYNDROME TO ALTAI TERRITORY

Despite of available conditions for the delivery of «atypical pneumonia» to Altai Territory, the complex of conducted measures allowed to prevent the cases of SARS. The measures included recommendations for limited travels to the countries with registered cases of SARS, setting the sanitary-control points to increased readiness, theoretical training of medical staff, strengthening of the desinfection regimen, putting wide sanitary education among the population

Damaging effects of ecologically unfavorable environmental factors on the health of descendants

Aim. To determine the possible damaging effects of ecologically unfavorable environmental factors (radiation and chemical) on the health of descendants. Methods. The cross-sectional study included 232 women of the Altai territory, who were divided into three groups: the first group included the descendants of persons who were in the area of radiation exposure, the second one - the descendants of chemical workers, the third group was the control group. As part of the expedition trip to the study areas, the collection of clinical and anamnestic data, the study of extragenital, gynecological morbidity, laboratory and functional methods of research were carried out. Results. The data were obtained confirming the most damaging effect on reproductive health in the descendants of persons who were in the area of radiation exposure. It was the first group where the high frequency of extragenital and gynecological pathology was revealed. At the same time, the reproductive function of women, closely related to functional changes in the immune system, was disordered. The results of the study of a number of parameters of the immune system revealed changes in the functioning of cellular immunity, increase in the level of proinflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor), mainly in the descendants of persons who were in the area of radiation exposure, in contrast to the descendants of workers of chemical production and control group. Conclusion. A comparative assessment of some health parameters of descendants of persons exposed to radiation and chemical factors showed that the most damaging effect on the reproductive health of descendants is caused by radiation factor

CHARACTERISTICS OF STATIONARY HAZARDOUS AS REGARDS ANTHRAX AREAS IN ALTAI TERRITORY IN THE MODERN PERIOD

Objective of the study is to comprehensively evaluate and forecast the development of epidemic process in case of anthrax in Altai Territory. Materials and methods. The data on stationary hazardous as regards anthrax areas (SHA) were obtained while analyzing cadastres of SHA in Altai Territory, as well as the reference book “Cadastre of stationary hazardous as regards anthrax areas in the Russian Federation”. Statistical and report forms from the institutions of the Rospotrebnadzor and Federal Service for Veterinary and Phytosanitary Surveillance in Altai Territory, and from Altai Plague Control Station were used for retrospective analysis of anthrax morbidity rates in Altai Territory over the period of 1953–2015. Laboratory investigations of field and clinical samples were carried out in compliance with Methodological Regulations 4.2.2413-08. Results and conclusions. Anthrax remains topical issue for Altai Territory as there are 1262 stationary hazardous areas situated in here, as well as registered animal and human infections. The density of such areas in Altai Territory is 7.5 times higher than across Siberia. Factors for the SHA formation and their sustainability are soilclimatic aspects of the region. The majority of hazardous areas are found in steppe and forest-steppe zones, predominantly along the cattle-driving paths. In Altai Territory, between 1953 and 2015, out of 1262 registered areas, 314 ones manifested epidemiological activity, including 246 new ones. Human infections were reported in 36 districts (59.1 %), while in 21 (34.4 %) – morbidity rates exceeded the territorial average. Cumulative dynamics of anthrax morbidity as regards livestock in Altai Territory in 1953–2015 showed downward trends. Complex evaluation of the situation and forecast of epidemic process development, employing composite index – epizootiological index and zoning of the territory according to the risk of epidemic complications – allows for the improvement of managerial decisions with the view to adequate anti-epidemic measures

Hydrogen sorption in the LiH-LiF-MgB2 system

A composite material in the LiH-LiF-MgB2 system has been synthesized by high-energy ball milling. Some peaks in addition to that of the binary 2LiH-MgB2 and 2LiF-MgB2 systems are observed for the composite material by high-pressure differential scanning calorimetry (HP-DSC), indicating the formation of intermediate phases. In situ synchrotron radiation powder X-ray diffraction (SR-PXD) performed at 60 bar of H-2 and 390 degrees C shows a superposition of both reaction pathways that are typical for 2LiH-MgB2 and 2LiF-MgB2. After hydrogen absorption of the LiH-LiF-MgB2 composite the vibrational modes of LiBH4 were observed by attenuated total reflection infrared (ATR-IR) spectroscopy. The F-19 MAS NMR spectrum of the LiF-LiBH4 sample after heat treatment in hydrogen is strongly dominated by the centerband and spinning sidebands from LiF; in addition, a low-intensity resonance, very similar to that of [BF4](-) ion, is identified

МЕХАНИЗМЫ ПОСТОПИСТОРХОЗНЫХ ЯВЛЕНИЙ В РЕЗИДУАЛЬНОМ ПЕРИОДЕ ХРОНИЧЕСКОГО ОПИСТОРХОЗА

AbstractPurpose: the evaluation of systemic immunobiochemical mechanisms of chronic opisthorchiasis, significant pathogenic criteria for the disease activity degree. Subjects and methods: We studied 312 chronic opisthorchiasis patients with the laboratory-confirmed diagnosis. The functional status of humoral immunity was assessed in 312 patients before the course of treatment and during the residual period of the invasion (2 weeks, 3 and 6 months after the course of treatment) together with the dynamics of specific markers (IgM and IgG antibodies and antigen Op. felineus CICs). According to the course of opisthorchiasis and the treatment provided the levels of autoantibodies to native and denatured DNA antigens were assessed in 94 patients. Results: All patients showed high levels of immune complexes which were circulating in blood during the whole period of the disease, including immune complexes specific to antigen Op. felineus (61.3% of all seropositive results). We revealed a significantly high level of autoantibodies to native and denatured DNA antigens and their destruction was observed for a longer period of time compared to the designated period of follow-up monitoring (during 6 months). The destruction took place irrespective of the course of opisthorchiasis – nonmanifest or manifest. The results show a significant negative correlation between the level of autoantibodies to native and denatured DNA antigens and the amount of immune complexes (r =- 0.48, r = – 0.73). Conclusion: Humoral immune response components are only disease markers during the course of opisthorchiasis and long period of circulation of specific and nonspecific immune complexes and they cause Op.felineus persistence in a host organism. The destruction revealed according to the levels of K nDNA and K dDNA during the whole period of followup monitoring may be one of the symptoms of post-opisthorchiasis even in the case of effective dehelmintization and it may work as an objective criterion for the disease activity degree. The correlation between the levels of autoantibodies to DNA and CICs show that immune mechanisms contribute to the process of the destruction.периоде хронического описторхоза, патогенетически значимых критериев диагностики степени активности процесса. Материалы и методы: обследовано 312 больных хроническим описторхозом с лабораторно подтвержденным диагнозом. У 312 пациентов проведена оценка функционального состояния гуморального звена иммунной системы до лечения и в резидуальном периоде инвазии (через 2 недели, 3 и 6 месяцев после лечения), изучена динамика выявления специфических маркеров (антитела класса IgM, IgG и ЦИК к антигену Op. felineus). В зависимости от течения описторхоза и проводимого лечения у 94 больных определены уровни аутоантител к антигенам нативной и денатурированной ДНК. Результаты: у всех обследованных зарегистрировано повышенное образование иммунных комплексов и их циркуляция весь период наблюдения, в том числе и специфических к антигену Op. felineus (61,3% из числа серопозитивных). Выявлен достоверно высокий уровень аутоантител к антигенам нативной и денатурированной ДНК, продолжительность деструкции превышала регламентируемые сроки диспансерного наблюдения (в течение полугода). Наличие деструкции не зависело от течения описторхоза – латентного или манифестного. Выявлена достоверная отрицательная корреляционная взаимосвязь уровня аутоантител к антигенам нативной и денатурированной ДНК и содержанием иммунных комплексов (r =- 0,48, r = – 0,73).Заключение: гуморальные компоненты иммунного ответа при описторхозе являются лишь его маркерами при длительной циркуляции специфических и неспецифических иммунных комплексов и определяют персистенцию Op. felineus в организме хозяина. Выявленная деструкция по результатам определения уровней К нДНК и К дДНК в течение всего периода наблюдения определяет полиморфизм клиники и развитие постописторхозных явлений даже при эффективной дегельминтизации больных, а также активность процесса. Корреляционные взаимосвязи уровней аутоантител к ДНК и ЦИК свидетельствуют об участии в генезе деструкции иммунных механизмов

Modern ideas about tick-borne viral encephalitis and Siberian tick-borne Typhus

The most common tick-borne natural focal infections in the regions of Western Siberia are tick-borne viral encephalitis and Siberian tick-borne typhus. The high incidence of the population of these infections is determined by the intense frequency of contact of residents with numerous natural and anthropurgic foci of infection and a high proportion of the rural population in the overall demographic structure of the regions. The natural foci of these infections, formed under the influence of a combination of climatic and anthropogenic factors, determine the trends of their current epidemic processes.Наиболее распространенными клещевыми природно-очаговыми инфекциями в регионах Западной Сибири являются клещевой вирусный энцефалит и сибирский клещевой тиф. Высокая заболеваемость населения данными инфекциями определяется интенсивной частотой контакта жителей с многочисленными природными и антропургаческими очагами инфекции и высокой долей сельского населения в общей демографической структуре регионов. Природная очаговость данных инфекций, формировавшаяся под влиянием совокупности природно-климатических и антропогенных факторов, определяет тенденции их современных эпидемических процессов

Гигиеническая оценка индивидуальных годовых доз природного облучения населения модельных территорий Алтайского края

The goal is to determine ionizing radiation natural sources exposure regularities of Altai Territory model areas population. The materials and methods. 11376 radon measurements, 1247 gamma radiation meas-urements in an open area and in residential and office buildings were performed, selection of 189 drinking water tests was carried out. Results. Complex radiation and hygienic examination of the region with the most large municipalities number with model areas allocation was conducted. The assessment of the Altai Territory population’s individual annual radiation doses from natural radionuclides has revealed a number of the regularities depending on the terrain’s ecological and geographical type. Following the research results, ranging the region territories taking into account of annual effective doses of the population from natural sources for 2009-2015 was carried out. The annual individual effective dose of the Altai Territory upland areas population presented by the highest values and ranges from 7.36 mSv / year to 8.19 mSv / year. Foothill regions of Altai and in Salair ridge are characterized by increased population exposure from natural sources. Here the dose ranges from 5.09 mSv / year to 6.22 mSv / year. Steppe and forest-steppe territories are characterized by the lowest level of the natural radiation which is ranging from 3.23 mSv / year to 4.11 mSv / year, that doesn’t exceed the all-Russian levels. Most of the hygienic radon equivalent equilibrium volume activity standards exceedances were registered in mountain and foothill areas buildings. A number of radon anomalies is revealed also in steppe areas. Med exceedances ranged from 203 ± 17.8 Bq / m3 to 480 ± 37.9 Bq / m3. Given the fact that most of these buildings belong to the administrative or educational institutions with an eight-hour working day, the dose of radiation for people there can be up to 10 mSv / year. Conclusion. Spreading of individual annual effective dose of the Altai Territory population showed that five regions of the model areas are converted into three main groups depending on the natural radiation dose due primarily radon equivalent equilibrium volume activity and depends mostly on the eco-geographical terrain type.Целью работы является определение закономерностей облучения населения модельных территорий Алтайского края от природных источников ионизирующего излучения.Материалы и методы. Было выполнено 11 376 измерений радона, 1247 измерений гамма-излучения на открытой местности, в жилых и административных зданиях, осуществлялся отбор 189 проб питьевой воды. Результаты. Проведено комплексное радиационно-гигиеническое обследование региона с самым большим количеством муниципальных образований с выделением модельных территорий. Оценка индивидуальных годовых доз облучения населения Алтайского края от природных радионуклидов выявила ряд закономерностей, зависящих от эколого-географического типа местности. По итогам исследования проведено ранжирование территорий региона с учетом годовых эффективных доз облучения населения от природных источников за 2009–2015 гг. Годовая индивидуальная эффективная доза населения нагорных областей Алтайского края представлена наибольшими значениями и изменяется в пределах от 7,36 мЗв/год до 8,19 мЗв/год. Предгорные районы Алтая и территории в области Салаирского кряжа характеризуются повышенным облучением населения от природных источников, здесь дозы составляют от 5,09 до 6,22 мЗв/ год. Степные и лесостепные территории характеризуются наименьшим уровнем природного облучения, находящегося в пределах от 3,23 до 4,11 мЗв/год, что не превышает общероссийские уровни. Большая часть превышений гигиенических нормативов ЭРОА радона регистрировалась в зданиях горных и предгорных областей, ряд радоновых аномалий выявлен и в степных районах. Медианы превышений изменялись в пределах от 203±17,8 до 480±37,9 Бк/м3. С учетом того, что большинство таких зданий относятся к административным или образовательным учреждениям с восьмичасовым рабочим днем, доза облучения находящихся там людей может составлять до 10 мЗв/год.Заключение. Распределение индивидуальных годовых эффективных доз населения Алтайского края показало, что районы пяти модельных территорий преобразуются в три основных группы в зависимости от доз природного облучения, обусловленного в первую очередь ЭРОА радона и зависящего в большей степени от эколого-географического типа местности

КЛИНИКО-ЭПИДЕМИОЛОГИЧЕСКАЯ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКА КОРИ У ВЗРОСЛЫХ ЖИТЕЛЕЙ АЛТАЙСКОГО КРАЯ

The aim of the study is to determine the clinical and epidemiological features of measles in the Altai territory. Materials and methods: a retrospective analysis of 92 medical histories of inpatient patients with a confirmed diagnosis of «Measles» at the age of 17 to 54 years, who were treated in the Infectious Departments of City Hospitals № 5 and №11 in Barnaul in 2015–2018, was made. Results: the epidemic situation of measles in the Altai territory is characterized by an increase of morbidity rate in 2015, as well as isolated cases in 2017–2018. The peculiarity of the outbreak of the disease was in-hospital infection of patients upon admission to medical hospitals and late diagnosis of measles, as well as the importation of infection from adjacent territories (regions of Russia and the Republic of Kazakhstan), which is confirmed by genotyping of the virus in patients. The development of the disease in 23,9% of those,who were vaccinated, was routinely observed in the age group older than 30 years. In the clinical picture of measles at the present stage, along with the classical manifestations, in 15.2% of patients in the first days of the disease gastroenteritis was marked, in 40,2% of patients the signs of hepatitis (cytolysis syndrome) were observed. Conclusion: the prevalence among the patientspersons, older than 30 years, may indicate the extinction of post-vaccination immunity. Timely immunization against measles in adulthood (after 30 years), will increase the effectiveness of measures to implement the program of elimination of measles in the Altai territory. The development of gastroenteritis up to the 5 days of the disease (on average 2,5±0.9 days), hepatitis in the period of height of the disease (in 15,2% and 40,2% of patients, respectively), determined the erroneous diagnosis of «Enterovirus infection», pseudotuberculosis, etc. and deserved the attention of practitioners.Цель: определить клинико-эпидемиологические особенности кори у взрослых на территории Алтайского края. Материалы и методы: проведен ретроспективный анализ 92 медицинских карт стационарного больного пациентов с подтвержденным диагнозом «Корь» в возрасте от 17 до 54 лет, находившихся на лечении в инфекционных отделениях КГБУЗГБ № 5 и № 11 г. Барнаула в 2015–2018 гг. Результаты: эпидемическая ситуация по кори в Алтайском крае характеризуется подъемом заболеваемости в 2015 г., а также единичными случаями в 2017– 2018 гг. Эпидемиологическими особенностями явились завоз инфекции из сопредельных территорий и из-за рубежа (Республики Казахстан, Турции, Мальдивских островов), несвоевременное установление диагноза кори при поступлении в медицинское учреждение и, как следствие, внутрибольничное инфицирование. Завозной характер инфекции подтвержден генотипированием вируса у заболевших. Развитие заболевания у 23,9% вакцинированных в плановом порядке наблюдалось в возрастной группе старше 30 лет. В клинической картине кори на современном этапе, наряду с классическими проявлениями, у 15,2% пациентов в первые дни болезни отмечены явления гастроэнтерита, у 40,2% заболевших – признаки гепатита (синдром цитолиза). Заключение: преобладание среди больных лиц старше 30 лет может свидетельствовать об угасании постпрививочного иммунитета. Дополнительное проведение иммунизации против кори в зрелом возрасте (после 30 лет) повысит эффективность мероприятий по реализации программы элиминации кори на территории Алтайского края. Развитие синдрома гастроэнтерита до 5-го дня болезни (в среднем на 2,5±0,9 сутки), гепатита в периоде разгара (у 15,2% и 40,2% больных соответственно) определяло постановку ошибочного диагноза «Энтеровирусная инфекция», «Псевдотуберкулез» и т.д. и заслуживает внимания практикующих врачей

Effect of Particle Size and Support Type on Pd Catalysts for 1,3-Butadiene Hydrogenation

Pd nanoparticles supported on SiO 2 , Si 3 N 4 and Al 2 O 3 were studied to examine the effect of particle size and support type on the hydrogenation of 1,3-butadiene. Pd nanoparticles were produced using a reverse micelle method resulting in particles with a remarkably small particle size distribution (σ < < 1 nm). The support type and particle size were observed to affect both catalytic activity and product selectivity. All catalysts showed a decrease of their activity with time on stream, paired with an increase in selectivity to butenes (1-butene and cis/trans-2-butene) from a product stream initially dominated by n-butane. In situ XAFS demonstrated a correlation between the formation of palladium hydride and n-butane production in the early stages (~ 1 h) of reaction. The extent of palladium hydride formation, as well as its depletion with time on stream, was dependent on both particle size and support type. Metallic Pd was identified as the species selective towards the production of butenes

Crystal structure of the eta-Ti₃ZrNi₂O_0.5 suboxide and its Ti₃ZrNi₂O_0.5D_5.7 deuteride

The crystal structures of the parent h -Ti3ZrNi2O0.5 suboxide and its saturated deuteride Ti3ZrNi2O0.5D5.7 have been studied by X-ray and neutron diffraction. The partial Ti by Zr substitution leads to the substantial increase of the capacity and lattice parameter of the saturated deuterides (11.5133 Å for Ti4Fe2OD2.25 compared to 12.074 Å for Ti3ZrNi2O0.5D5.7). Contrary to Ti4Fe2OD2.25 and other investigated h-phase hydrides the Ti3ZrNi2O0.5D5.7 deuteride is characterized by partial ordering of D2 atoms, which leads to the disappearance of the short distances between D2 positions. This is a reason of the symmetry lowering from Fd 3m untill Fd3 space group