Projecting Temperature-Attributable Mortality and Hospital Admissions due to Enteric Infections in the Philippines

Background: Enteric infections cause significant deaths, and global projection studies suggest that mortality from enteric infections will increase in the future with warmer climate. However, a major limitation of these projection studies is the use of risk estimates derived from nonmortality data to project excess enteric infection mortality associated with temperature because of the lack of studies that used actual deaths.Objective: We quantified the associations of daily temperature with both mortality and hospital admissions due to enteric infections in the Philippines. These associations were applied to projections under various climate and population change scenarios.Methods: We modeled nonlinear temperature associations of mortality and hospital admissions due to enteric infections in 17 administrative regions of the Philippines using a two-stage time-series approach. First, we quantified nonlinear temperature associations of enteric infections by fitting generalized linear models with distributed lag nonlinear models. Second, we combined regional estimates using a meta-regression model. We projected the excess future enteric infections due to nonoptimal temperatures using regional temperature–enteric infection associations under various combinations of climate change scenarios according to representative concentration pathways (RCPs) and population change scenarios according to shared socioeconomic pathways (SSPs) for 2010–2099.Results: Regional estimates for mortality and hospital admissions were significantly heterogeneous and had varying shapes in association with temperature. Generally, mortality risks were greater in high temperatures, whereas hospital admission risks were greater in low temperatures. Temperature-attributable excess deaths in 2090–2099 were projected to increase over 2010–2019 by as little as 1.3% [95% empirical confidence intervals (eCI): −3.1%, 6.5%] under a low greenhouse gas emission scenario (RCP 2.6) or as much as 25.5% (95% eCI: −3.5%, 48.2%) under a high greenhouse gas emission scenario (RCP 8.5). A moderate increase was projected for temperature-attributable excess hospital admissions, from 0.02% (95% eCI: −2.0%, 1.9%) under RCP 2.6 to 5.2% (95% eCI: −12.7%, 21.8%) under RCP 8.5 in the same period. High temperature-attributable deaths and hospital admissions due to enteric infections may occur under scenarios with high population growth in 2090–2099.Discussion: In the Philippines, futures with hotter temperatures and high population growth may lead to a greater increase in temperature-related excess deaths than hospital admissions due to enteric infections. Our results highlight the need to strengthen existing primary health care interventions for diarrhea and support health adaptation policies to help reduce future enteric infections. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP932

7th Drug hypersensitivity meeting: part two

No abstract availabl

Determinacion del tamano, forma y numero de repeticiones mas adecuadas en ensayos de rendimiento en frijol (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) y comparacion de dos metodos para estimar su rendimiento comercial

In order to determine optimum plot size, the method of max R(2) was used, for which 6 regression models were tested on the basis of the following selection criteria: the coefficient of determination, error mean square and the coefficient of variation. Optimum plot size was 7 m(2). To determine the no. of replications, the methodology proposed by Romero, Carney & Rojas (1966) was followed. Three replications were found to be adequate for this trial. As for plot shape, it was found that a rectangular design minimized exptl error. From a statistical standpoint, the estimation of production on the basis of 5 plants does not fulfill the desirable characteristics due to the great variability, bias and low degree of association with the total plot production. (AS- CIAT

Projecting Temperature-Attributable Mortality and Hospital Admissions due to Enteric Infections in the Philippines

BACKGROUND: Enteric infections cause significant deaths, and global projection studies suggest that mortality from enteric infections will increase in the future with warmer climate. However, a major limitation of these projection studies is the use of risk estimates derived from nonmortality data to project excess enteric infection mortality associated with temperature because of the lack of studies that used actual deaths. OBJECTIVE: We quantified the associations of daily temperature with both mortality and hospital admissions due to enteric infections in the Philippines. These associations were applied to projections under various climate and population change scenarios. METHODS: We modeled nonlinear temperature associations of mortality and hospital admissions due to enteric infections in 17 administrative regions of the Philippines using a two-stage time-series approach. First, we quantified nonlinear temperature associations of enteric infections by fitting generalized linear models with distributed lag nonlinear models. Second, we combined regional estimates using a meta-regression model. We projected the excess future enteric infections due to nonoptimal temperatures using regional temperature–enteric infection associations under various combinations of climate change scenarios according to representative concentration pathways (RCPs) and population change scenarios according to shared socioeconomic pathways (SSPs) for 2010–2099. RESULTS: Regional estimates for mortality and hospital admissions were significantly heterogeneous and had varying shapes in association with temperature. Generally, mortality risks were greater in high temperatures, whereas hospital admission risks were greater in low temperatures. Temperature-attributable excess deaths in 2090–2099 were projected to increase over 2010–2019 by as little as 1.3% [95% empirical confidence intervals (eCI): [Formula: see text] , 6.5%] under a low greenhouse gas emission scenario (RCP 2.6) or as much as 25.5% (95% eCI: [Formula: see text] , 48.2%) under a high greenhouse gas emission scenario (RCP 8.5). A moderate increase was projected for temperature-attributable excess hospital admissions, from 0.02% (95% eCI: [Formula: see text] , 1.9%) under RCP 2.6 to 5.2% (95% eCI: [Formula: see text] , 21.8%) under RCP 8.5 in the same period. High temperature-attributable deaths and hospital admissions due to enteric infections may occur under scenarios with high population growth in 2090–2099. DISCUSSION: In the Philippines, futures with hotter temperatures and high population growth may lead to a greater increase in temperature-related excess deaths than hospital admissions due to enteric infections. Our results highlight the need to strengthen existing primary health care interventions for diarrhea and support health adaptation policies to help reduce future enteric infections. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP932

Retinopathy of prematurity: Controversies in the usage of intraocular antiangiogenics [Retinopat�a del prematuro: Controversias en el uso de antiangiog�nicos intraoculares]

The increase in survival rates among preterm infants, characteristics of neonatal care for such infants and a lack of suitable programs for preventing, detecting and treating retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) are factors that have made this disease the main cause of preventable blindness among children in Mexico. The advent of antiangiogenic agents in cancer treatment and their off-label use with favorable results in the treatment of proliferative vessel disease of the retina among adult patients, as well as anecdotal reports in the literature and a series of cases showing serious methodological flaws, have prompted their use in the treatment of retinopathy of prematurity. Unfortunately, these agents used indiscriminately in our country have a systemic absorption and secondary effects on the preterm patient's body. There are no long-term monitoring studies that guarantee their safe use in this segment of the population. This article describes the situation in our country and warns of the risks posed by the use of this type of drug on the preterm infant population

Neuropsychological Assessment of Children: A test battery for children between 5 and 16 years of age. A Colombian normative study [Evaluación Neuropsicológica Infantil (ENI): Una batería para la evaluación de niños entre 5 y 16 años de edad. Estudio normativo colombiano]

Introduction. A neuropsychological test battery for 5 to 16-year-old children has recently been developed. This battery is called Neuropsychological Assessment of Children (Evaluacion Neuropsicológica Infantil, ENI) and it includes the following sections: attention, constructional skills, memory encoding, perceptual skills, memory recall, language, meta-linguistic skills, reading, writing, arithmetic, spatial skills, conceptual skills and executive functions. Aims. Our aim was to obtain norms for the ENI in a Colombian population between 5 and 16 years of age. Subjects and methods. We selected 252 children (92 boys and 160 girls) in the city of Manizales (Colombia), and they were administered the ENI. In order to obtain an external validity, 21 of the participants were also given the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Revised (WISC-R). Results. Statistically significant differences were found on most of the subtests across age groups. Differences between boys and girls appeared more specifically in tests of visuoperceptual, visual constructional, spatial and numerical skills. Some of the ENI subtests correlated with the WISC-R subtests. Conclusions. It is suggested that the ENI could satisfy the existing need in the Spanish-speaking world for neuropsychological tools with which to assess children and adolescents