The predominant cultivable dental plaque flora of beagle dogs with gingivitis

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/66319/1/j.1600-0765.1980.tb00266.x.pd

Differences between gingivitis and periodontitis associated microbial flora in the beagle dog

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/65244/1/j.1600-0765.1982.tb01126.x.pd

Reduction in proportions of dental plaque streptococci following a 5 day topical kanamycin treatment

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/65595/1/j.1600-0765.1977.tb00103.x.pd

Bacterial leakage around dental restorations: its effect on the dental pulp

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/72129/1/j.1600-0714.1982.tb00188.x.pd

The Bacteriology of Acute Necrotizing Ulcerative Gingivitis

Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/141514/1/jper0223.pd

The predominant cultivable flora of tooth surface plaque removed from institutionalized subjects

Tooth surface plaque was removed from 11 institutionalized individuals and cultured on agar plates in an anaerobic chamber. The recovery of organisms on a dilute trypticase yeast extract medium (MM10), incubated anaerobically, averaged 33 +/- 26 per cent of the microscopic count. Growth on MM10, under aerobic conditions averaged 8 +/- 5 per cent. The anaerobe to aerobe recovery ratio on medium MM10 was about 4. Six hundred and seventy-one isolates grew on subculture and were partially characterized. About half the isolates were not capable of lowering the pH in glucose broth below 5[middle dot]5. Streptococci accounted for about 38 per cent of the isolates and were found in each subject. A sub-group of 15 strains grew in 40 per cent bile, formed NH3 from arginine, fermented salicin, but not inulin. These isolates possessed characteristics of Streptococcus sanguis and Streptococcus mitis. Various Actinomyces species comprised about 14 per cent and Clostridium species accounted for 8 per cent of the cultivable flora. Bacteroides melaninogenicus, Fusobacterium species, and Veillonella species each were about 6 per cent of the isolates. The overall character of these plaque isolates suggested that a gingival crevice microflora containing several amino-acid fermenting species had colonized the tooth surfaces. These organisms would not be expected to produce a plaque capable of decalcifying enamel, which might explain why these subjects had a low caries experience.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/34048/1/0000325.pd

A comparison of periodontal disease among rural Amish and non-Amish adults

Periodontal disease can be more efficiently studied within a homogeneous population where genetic influences and lifestyles are similar enough to negate their effect on the disease process. This study focuses on an Amish population in southern Michigan who isolate themselves from outside influences and their non-Amish neighbors. A total of 425 Amish and 290 non-Amish were contacted resulting in 330 Amish and 215 non-Amish who were examined in their homes giving a participation rate of 76.2%. Ages ranged from 18 to 82 years. Prevalence of periodontal disease tended to be higher among males and increased with age. There were slightly more Amish females (52%) than non-Amish (49%). Means of periodontal conditions for Amish were 1.35 mm for attachment loss, 2.59 mm for pocket depth, 0.24 for calculus, 0.77 for plaque and 0.74 for gingivitis. For non-Amish, the means were 1.03 mm for attachment loss, 2.38 mm for pocket depth, 0.40 for calculus, 0.95 for plaque and 0.87 for gingivitis. It is of interest that the Amish do not practice routine oral hygiene. Only 36.8% of Amish reported brushing at least 1 × a day compared to 84.6% of non-Amish. Similarly, only 8.2% of Amish reported flossing at least 1 × a week compared to 40.8% of non-Amish.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/75729/1/j.1600-051X.1994.tb00734.x.pd

Humoral Immune Response to Selected Subgingival Plaque Microorganisms in Insulin–Dependent Diabetic Children

Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/141979/1/jper0199.pd

Maternal nutrition: how is Eastern and Southern Africa faring and what needs to be done?

Background: The progress in key maternal health indicators in the Eastern and Southern Africa Region (ESAR) over the past two decades has been slow. Objective: This paper analyzed available information on nutrition programs and nutrition-specific interventions targeting maternal nutrition in the ESAR and proposes steps to improve maternal nutrition in this region. Methods: Search was conducted in relevant databases. Meta-analysis was done where there was sufficient data, while data from the nutrition programs was abstracted for objectives, settings, beneficiaries, stakeholders, impact of interventions and barriers encountered during implementation. Results: Findings from our review suggest that multiple nutrition programs are in place in the ESAR; including programs that directly address nutrition indicators and those that integrate corresponding sectors like agriculture, health, education, and water and sanitation. However, their scale and depth differ considerably. These programs have been implemented by a diverse range of players including respective government ministries, international agencies, non government organisations and the private sector in the region. Most of these programs are clustered in a few countries like Kenya, Uganda and Ethiopia while others e.g. Comoros, Somalia and Swaziland have only had a limited number of initiatives. Conclusion: These programs have been associated with some improvements in overall maternal health and nutritional indicators; however these are insufficient to significantly contribute to the progress in the region. Efforts should be prioritized in countries with the greatest burden of maternal undernutrition and associated risk factors with a focus on existing promising interventions to improve maternal nutrition

Dominance of iminopeptidase activity in the human oral bacterium Treponema denticola ATCC 35405

Treponema denticola ATCC 35405, a human oral spirochete associated with periodontal disease, was shown to contain three enzymes (I, II, and III) with proline iminopeptidase activity. II and III were considered to be true iminopeptidases, whereas enzyme I was found to be a benzoylarginine peptidase with iminopeptidase activity. Enzyme III, the dominant proline iminopeptidase of T. denticola in terms of its activity toward N - l -prolyl-2-naphthylamine, was considered to be a sulfhydryl peptidase: 0.167 μ M p -chloromercuribenzoic acid totally inactivated the enzyme, and 1.0 m M dithiothreitol restored 92% of activity. The activity of this enzyme was not affected by metal chelators. Chemical modification of enzyme III suggests that tyrosyl (or histidyl) and carboxyl groups may be necessary for its activity. The hydrolysis of N - l -prolyl-2-naphthylamine was found to be very characteristic of T. denticola ATCC 35405; out of 24 different N - l -aminoacyl-2-naphthylamines tested, only the proline derivative was hydrolyzed at a high rate. The substrate specificity of the enzymes discovered indicates that they may be important for the nutrition of T. denticola . The iminopeptidase activity may be related to the pathogenicity of this organism in periodontal disease.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/41330/1/284_2005_Article_BF01568701.pd