Impact of Corporate Governance Exerted by Board of Directors on Performance of Commercial Banks of Pakistan (Study Carried out on Prominent Commercial Banks of Rawalpindi)

The corporate governance mechanisms in Pakistan are in most instances thought to be less important to achieve good organizational performance. By enduring the good corporate governance exerted by BODs, organizations may increase the circumstances where management can convince the employees particularly and shareholders generally to obtain long term organizational gains. We used five point likert scale questionnaire to measure the corporate governance in banking sector of Rawalpindi, Pakistan. This empirical study suggests that the corporate governance by board of directors has widespread role in organizational performance. The results suggest that independence and accountability have significant effect on organizational performance. However, effect of independence is higher than accountability. Moreover, our study shows that transparency do not effect on organizational success significantly. Keywords: corporate governance, transparency, independence, accountability, board of directors and organizational performance

RANCANG BANGUN MESIN CNC ROUTER MINI UNTUK PEMBELAJARAN MAHASISWA JURUSAN TEKNIK MESIN

RANCANG BANGUN MESIN CNC ROUTER MINI UNTUK PEMBELAJARANMAHASISWA JURUSAN TEKNIK MESI

Absolutely anticommuting (anti-)BRST symmetry transformations for topologically massive Abelian gauge theory

We demonstrate the existence of the nilpotent and absolutely anticommuting Becchi-Rouet-Stora-Tyutin (BRST) and anti-BRST symmetry transformations for the four (3 + 1)-dimensional (4D) topologically massive Abelian U(1) gauge theory that is described by the coupled Lagrangian densities (which incorporate the celebrated (B \wedge F) term). The absolute anticommutativity of the (anti-) BRST symmetry transformations is ensured by the existence of a Curci-Ferrari type restriction that emerges from the superfield formalism as well as from the equations of motion that are derived from the above coupled Lagrangian densities. We show the invariance of the action from the point of view of the symmetry considerations as well as superfield formulation. We discuss, furthermore, the topological term within the framework of superfield formalism and provide the geometrical meaning of its invariance under the (anti-) BRST symmetry transformations.Comment: LaTeX file, 22 pages, journal versio

Abelian 2-form gauge theory: special features

It is shown that the four $(3 + 1)$-dimensional (4D) free Abelian 2-form gauge theory provides an example of (i) a class of field theoretical models for the Hodge theory, and (ii) a possible candidate for the quasi-topological field theory (q-TFT). Despite many striking similarities with some of the key topological features of the two $(1 + 1)$-dimensional (2D) free Abelian (and self-interacting non-Abelian) gauge theories, it turns out that the 4D free Abelian 2-form gauge theory is {\it not} an exact TFT. To corroborate this conclusion, some of the key issues are discussed. In particular, it is shown that the (anti-)BRST and (anti-)co-BRST invariant quantities of the 4D 2-form Abelian gauge theory obey the recursion relations that are reminiscent of the exact TFTs but the Lagrangian density of this theory is not found to be able to be expressed as the sum of (anti-)BRST and (anti-)co-BRST exact quantities as is the case with the {\it topological} 2D free Abelian (and self-interacting non-Abelian) gauge theories.Comment: LaTeX, 23 pages, journal ref. give

Effectiveness of island homestay advertisement

Effectiveness of advertising is one of the business successes where it functions in determining people’s attitude towards advertisement.In the study of island homestay, effectiveness of advertisement was measured to evaluate two mutually exclusive statements to determine which statement is best supported by the sample data that obtained from social media users. Before the effectiveness of advertisement measured, four hypotheses were formulated as specific statement of prediction that will be tested.Then, hypothesis testing was conducted to get result of the four hypotheses.The result shows positive relationship where dimension of advertisement content effect and persuasive multimedia significantly influences attitude towards advertised brand, awareness of persuasive intent, attitude towards advertisement and purchase intention

Rancang Bangun Mesin CNC Router Mini Untuk Pembelajaran Mahasiswa Jurusan Teknik Mesin

The aims of this research are accelerate finishing time and improve the accuracy of manufacture of the engraved contour products on work pieces such as soft metals, acrylics, and wood. Methods of these researches were designed, manufacture, and experimented based on work of the machine. Components of the mini CNC router machine are designed by autodesk inventor software, its dimensions 60 x 60 cm. Furthermore, the calculation and selection of materials, manufacture of machine components, calibrated by mach3mill software and testing the performance of the engine in the three-axis movement mode; manual mode, MDI, and automatic third axis X, Y, and Z using the NC program. The results obtained show the accuracy and precision of the three X, Y and Z axis trajectories according to the permissible tolerance values, 0.01 mm, 0.01 mm and 0.05 mm respectively. The suitability of the program made and the machining results on the contour of the workpiece engraving do not show significant deviations, 0.1 mm for the X and Y axis, and 0.3 mm for the Z axis. Making engraving products on workpieces by using a CNC Router machine is faster and more efficient than manual manufacturing. Research output of this CNC router machine will be used in the practicum jobs for the NC basic programming practice cours

Malaysia homestay industry on perspectives of roles, issues, challenges and advertising use: A preliminary study in Kedah homestay

Malaysia Homestay Industry plays an important role in helping Malaysia government to continue to sustain even to increase the country’s economy. Even though this industry brings a great value, but there are many issues and challenges exist that can affect the economy sustainability. In order to prove that the raising issues and challenges exist, this paper will presents investigation which is involve two preliminary studies that were conducted in Kedah Homestay Industry.These preliminary studies also investigated the issue of advertising use among homestay operators.This advertising issue is important to be studied in helping homestay industry’s brand remains relevant to confront with the issue of competition.In Malaysia, advertising through various media is becoming increasingly important and it promises a good benefit for homestay operators in term of advertising and promotion. Using both traditional and social media advertising, homestay operators can spread homestay advertisement over the world

On free 4D Abelian 2-form and anomalous 2D Abelian 1-form gauge theories

We demonstrate a few striking similarities and some glaring differences between (i) the free four (3 + 1)-dimensional (4D) Abelian 2-form gauge theory, and (ii) the anomalous two (1 + 1)-dimensional (2D) Abelian 1-form gauge theory, within the framework of Becchi-Rouet-Stora-Tyutin (BRST) formalism. We demonstrate that the Lagrangian densities of the above two theories transform in a similar fashion under a set of symmetry transformations even though they are endowed with a drastically different variety of constraint structures. Taking the help of our understanding of the 4D Abelian 2-form gauge theory, we prove that the gauge invariant version of the anomalous 2D Abelian 1-form gauge theory is a new field-theoretic model for the Hodge theory where all the de Rham cohomological operators of differential geometry find their physical realizations in the language of proper symmetry transformations. The corresponding conserved charges obey an algebra that is reminiscent of the algebra of the cohomological operators. We briefly comment on the consistency of the 2D anomalous 1-form gauge theory in the language of restrictions on the harmonic state of the (anti-) BRST and (anti-) co-BRST invariant version of the above 2D theory.Comment: LaTeX file, 37 pages, version to appear in EPJ

Evaluation of knowledge, experiences, and fear toward prescribing and dispensing corticosteroids among Egyptian healthcare professionals: A cross-sectional study

Background: Corticosteroids (CS) are essential drugs in the treatment of several medical conditions. Assuming different roles, physicians and pharmacists play a primary role in prescribing and dispensing these medications to optimize patients' clinical management. The data on assessing knowledge and experience of healthcare professionals toward CS is scarce. Therefore, this study aimed to assess and compare knowledge, experience, and fears towards CS among Egyptian physicians and pharmacists. Methods: A cross-sectional, self-administrated, validated online questionnaire was used to collect the data from Egyptian healthcare professionals. The questionnaire consisted of four sections with multiple choice questions: sociodemographic (7 questions), knowledge about CS (13 questions), experience with CS prescription/dispensing (5 questions), and fears and preferences toward CS prescription/dispensing (13 questions). Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data. Results: A total of 600 responses were analyzed in this study. The study sample was almost two-half of healthcare providers: 303 (50.5%) pharmacists and 297 (49.5%) physicians. Pharmacists had marginally higher knowledge scores as compared to those recorded for physicians (11.29 versus 10.16, respectively; P = 0.047). Physicians had more experience choosing corticosteroids in treatment plans based on their experience (51.8% vs 38.5%) and guideline recommendations (72.8% vs 50.9%) than pharmacists. However, pharmacists had more experience dealing with corticosteroid use based on patients' preferences (19.5% vs 4.9%) and showed a broader scope of experiencing side effects of corticosteroids with their patients. The two professions demonstrated high levels of fear, with pharmacists acknowledging significantly lower concerns about CS than physicians (3.72 versus 4.0, respectively; P = 0.003). Conclusion: Discrepancies exist among healthcare professionals in knowledge and experience, favoring better scientific knowledge of pharmacists related to corticosteroids. Based on these findings, the interprofessional collaborative efforts would provide comprehensive, patient-centered care that maximizes the benefits of CS while minimizing their risks