Pengembangan Perangkat Pembelajaran Mata Kuliah Aljabar Linear Elementer Berbasis Pendekatan Saintifik yang Terintegrasi dengan Karakter Islami

Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengembangkan perangkat pembelajaran mata kuliah aljabar linear elementer berbasis pendekatan saintifik yang terintegrasi dengan karakter islami pada materi sistem persamaan linear dan matriks, determinan, dan vektor pada ruang berdimensi 2 dan ruang berdimensi 3 yang valid, praktis, dan efektif untuk mengetahui kemampuan bepikir tingkat tinggi dan karakter islami mahasiswa. Perangkat pembelajaran yang dikembangkan meliputi RPS, SAP, buku ajar, dan LKM. Subjek penelitian ini adalah mahasiswa kelas A jurusan Pendidikan Matematika angkatan 2020 Fakultas Tarbiyah dan Keguruan UIN Alauddin Makassar dengan jumlah mahasiswa sebanyak 35 orang. Model pengembangan yang dikemukakan oleh Thiagarajan dan Semmel yakni model 4-D menjadi prosedur pengembangan yang digunakan oleh peneliti yang terdiri atas 4 tahapan, yaitu tahap pendefinisian, perancangan, pengembangan, dan penyebaran. Validasi dan revisi secara berulang kali telah dilakukan terhadap perangkat pembelajaran yang dikembangkan hingga akhirnya dinyatakan layak digunakan. Hasil uji coba perangkat pembelajaran bersifat praktis dan efektif, diantaranya (1) perangkat pembelajaran dinilai positif berdasarkan respon mahasiswa dan dosen, (2) karakter islami mahasiswa dapat teramati dengan baik dan dievaluasi, dan (3) tes hasil belajar yang diperoleh mahasiswa berada pada kategori tuntas sebesar 82,86% dengan kemampuan bepikir tingkat tinggi yang berbeda-beda. Sehingga perangkat pembelajaran berbasis pendekatan saintifik yang terintegrasi dengan karakter islami valid, praktis, dan efektif

Equivalent off-diagonal cosmological models and ekpyrotic scenarios in f(R)f(R) f ( R ) -modified, massive, and einstein gravity

We re-investigate how generic off-diagonal cosmological solutions depending, in general, on all spacetime coordinates can be constructed in massive and f-modified gravity using the anholonomic frame deformation method. There are constructed new classes of locally anisotropic and (in) homogeneous cosmological metrics with open and closed spatial geometries. By resorting such solutions, we show that they describe the late time acceleration due to effective cosmological terms induced by nonlinear off-diagonal interactions, possible modifications of the gravitational action and graviton mass. The cosmological metrics and related St\" uckelberg fields are constructed in explicit form up to nonholonomic frame transforms of the Friedmann-Lama\^{\i}tre-Robertson-Walker (FLRW) coordinates. The solutions include matter, graviton mass and other effective sources modelling nonlinear gravitational and matter fields interactions with polarization of physical constants and deformations of metrics, which may explain dark energy and dark matter effects. However, we argue that it is not obligatory always to modify gravity if we consider effective generalized Einstein equations with nontrivial vacuum and/or non-minimal coupling with matter. Indeed, we state certain conditions when such configurations mimic interesting solutions in general relativity and modifications, for instance, when we can extract the general Painlev\' e-Gullstrand and FLRW metrics. In a more general context, we elaborate on a reconstruction procedure for off-diagonal cosmological solutions which describe cyclic and ekpyrotic universes. Finally, there are discussed open issues and further perspectives.Comment: 16 pages, latex2e; it is a regular article variant extended and modified following requests of the Editor and accepted by EPJC; this version contains new results and details comparing to the letter variant arXiv:1304.108

Global economic burden of unmet surgical need for appendicitis

Background There is a substantial gap in provision of adequate surgical care in many low- and middle-income countries. This study aimed to identify the economic burden of unmet surgical need for the common condition of appendicitis. Methods Data on the incidence of appendicitis from 170 countries and two different approaches were used to estimate numbers of patients who do not receive surgery: as a fixed proportion of the total unmet surgical need per country (approach 1); and based on country income status (approach 2). Indirect costs with current levels of access and local quality, and those if quality were at the standards of high-income countries, were estimated. A human capital approach was applied, focusing on the economic burden resulting from premature death and absenteeism. Results Excess mortality was 4185 per 100 000 cases of appendicitis using approach 1 and 3448 per 100 000 using approach 2. The economic burden of continuing current levels of access and local quality was US $92 492 million using approach 1 and$73 141 million using approach 2. The economic burden of not providing surgical care to the standards of high-income countries was $95 004 million using approach 1 and$75 666 million using approach 2. The largest share of these costs resulted from premature death (97.7 per cent) and lack of access (97.0 per cent) in contrast to lack of quality. Conclusion For a comparatively non-complex emergency condition such as appendicitis, increasing access to care should be prioritized. Although improving quality of care should not be neglected, increasing provision of care at current standards could reduce societal costs substantially

Global economic burden of unmet surgical need for appendicitis

Background There is a substantial gap in provision of adequate surgical care in many low- and middle-income countries. This study aimed to identify the economic burden of unmet surgical need for the common condition of appendicitis. Methods Data on the incidence of appendicitis from 170 countries and two different approaches were used to estimate numbers of patients who do not receive surgery: as a fixed proportion of the total unmet surgical need per country (approach 1); and based on country income status (approach 2). Indirect costs with current levels of access and local quality, and those if quality were at the standards of high-income countries, were estimated. A human capital approach was applied, focusing on the economic burden resulting from premature death and absenteeism. Results Excess mortality was 4185 per 100 000 cases of appendicitis using approach 1 and 3448 per 100 000 using approach 2. The economic burden of continuing current levels of access and local quality was US $92 492 million using approach 1 and$73 141 million using approach 2. The economic burden of not providing surgical care to the standards of high-income countries was $95 004 million using approach 1 and$75 666 million using approach 2. The largest share of these costs resulted from premature death (97.7 per cent) and lack of access (97.0 per cent) in contrast to lack of quality. Conclusion For a comparatively non-complex emergency condition such as appendicitis, increasing access to care should be prioritized. Although improving quality of care should not be neglected, increasing provision of care at current standards could reduce societal costs substantially