On the Positive Parity States of ¹⁹F

The calculation of rotation particle coupling has been done for the low-lying and positive parity states of ¹⁹F. The level orders attributed to the K=1/2 and 3/2 bands are computed, in which the moments of inertia are chosen as different values. The level energies up to about 5 MeV excitation can be fitted with the observed levels more satisfactory than others

Changing poor mothers' care-seeking behaviors in response to childhood illness: findings from a cross-sectional study in Granada, Nicaragua

BACKGROUND: In 2008, approximately 8.8 million children under 5 years of age died worldwide. Most of these deaths occurred in developing countries, but little is known about poor mothers' care-seeking behaviors for their children. We examined poor mothers' care-seeking behaviors in response to childhood illness, and identified factors affecting their choices. We also assessed mothers' perception of the medical services and their confidence in the health care available for their children. METHODS: We carried out a community-based cross-sectional study with structured questionnaires. Participants were 756 mothers and their young children (0-23 months) in Nandaime municipality, Granada province, Nicaragua. We took the children's anthropometric measurements and we assessed the mothers according to their income. We divided them into 3 global absolute poverty categories (income: <1 USD/day, 1-2 USD/day, >2 USD/day), and 4 quintile. RESULTS: When a child showed symptoms of illness, most mothers (>75%) selected public health facilities as their first choice. More than half (>58%) were satisfied with the medical services, but the poorest mothers expressed more dissatisfaction (p = 0.003), when we divided the participants into 4 quintiles groups according to their income. In the poorest group, the main reasons for dissatisfaction were cost (46.6%), and distance to the facilities (25.8%). Almost half (41.3%) of mothers lacked confidence in the health care offered to their child, while most of the wealthiest mothers (75.7%) did have confidence in it (p = 0.001). The poorest mothers showed greater interest in health education than the wealthiest (86.2% vs. 77.8%) (p = 0.015). We found that poor mothers (≤2 USD/day) changed their second choice for care in a positive direction. Factors affecting the change in second choice were the child having symptoms of respiratory disease (AOR, 2.51; 95% CI, 1.28-4.90, p = 0.007), visiting health post as the first choice (AOR, 2.11; 95% CI, 1.26-3.53, p = 0.005), and experiencing a child death in the past (AOR, 2.05; 95% CI, 1.15-3.68, p = 0.016). Child stunting, mother's level of education, and past participation in health education programs did not affect. CONCLUSIONS: Determination of the severity of a childhood disease is a difficult task for mothers. The national rural health system was functioning, yet the services were often limited. We should consider the feasibility of providing a more effective primary care system for the poor. To encourage mothers' care-seeking behaviors in poor settings, the referral system and the social safety net need to be strengthened. Poor mothers need further education about the danger signs of childhood illness

Identification of Charged Particles by Multiplying Circuit

A pulse multiplying circuit for charged particle identification according to (E+E₀+k·dE/dx)×dE/dx E₀, k : const was made, in which a squaring circuit using eighteen diodes was devised. The E and dE/dx pulses, due to the incidence of charged particles, were given by a semiconductor detector and a proportional counter of gas flow type, respectively. The charged particles of low energies from D+d, T+d, Li+d and Be+d nuclear reactions were sorted by this circuit. A test for carbon ions was also done. The apparent separation ratios were as follows : ρ : τ : α : C≈1 : 2 : 9 : 6

Angle-resolved photoemission from bromine chemisorbed on Ni(100)

Molecular bromine dissociatively adsorbs to form a chemisorbed overlayer on Ni(100). The bromine induced 4px,y and 4pz orbitals have been identified at Γ̅ with binding energies of 6.6 ± 0.2 eV and 5.3 ± 0.2 eV below the Fermi energy, respectively. The relative ionization cross-section variations of the two bromine levels 4px and 4pz are observed to differ with changing photon energy

Angle-resolved photoemission from bromine chemisorbed on Ni(100)

Molecular bromine dissociatively adsorbs to form a chemisorbed overlayer on Ni(100). The bromine induced 4px,y and 4pz orbitals have been identified at Γ̅ with binding energies of 6.6 ± 0.2 eV and 5.3 ± 0.2 eV below the Fermi energy, respectively. The relative ionization cross-section variations of the two bromine levels 4px and 4pz are observed to differ with changing photon energy

Shift Energies of Characteristic X-rays and Auger Electrons for Ionized Atoms

Shift energies of characteristic X-rays and Auger electrons for several ionized atoms of Z＝6～17 have been computed as a function of the degree of ionization, taking Larkins' Hartree-Fock-Slater calculations for neon (Z＝10) and argon (Z＝18) as standards. A reasonable agreement is seen with the observed shift energies of X-rays for multiply ionized aluminium

PKA-catalyzed phosphorylation of tomosyn and its implication in Ca2+-dependent exocytosis of neurotransmitter

Neurotransmitter is released from nerve terminals by Ca2+-dependent exocytosis through many steps. SNARE proteins are key components at the priming and fusion steps, and the priming step is modulated by cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA), which causes synaptic plasticity. We show that the SNARE regulatory protein tomosyn is directly phosphorylated by PKA, which reduces its interaction with syntaxin-1 (a component of SNAREs) and enhances the formation of the SNARE complex. Electrophysiological studies using cultured superior cervical ganglion (SCG) neurons revealed that this enhanced formation of the SNARE complex by the PKA-catalyzed phosphorylation of tomosyn increased the fusion-competent readily releasable pool of synaptic vesicles and, thereby, enhanced neurotransmitter release. This mechanism was indeed involved in the facilitation of neurotransmitter release that was induced by a potent biological mediator, the pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide, in SCG neurons. We describe the roles and modes of action of PKA and tomosyn in Ca2+-dependent neurotransmitter release

Crystal Spectroscopy for Kα X-rays from Silicon Bombarded with Protons and Alpha Particles

An automated Bragg spectrometer in which an organic electron multiplier is employed as an X-ray detector has been designed, and the Kₐ diagram and satellite X-rays from silicon bombarded with hydrogen and helium ions at MeV energies have been analyzed. The procedures of deriving the ionization cross sections from the satellite intensities are described. The multiple KL" ionization cross sections are compared with the theoretical binomial distribution, which means a statistical superposition of single ionizations