Automatic evaluation of atlantoaxial subluxation in rheumatoid arthritis by a deep learning model

Background: This work aims to develop a deep learning model, assessing atlantoaxial subluxation (AAS) in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), which can often be ambiguous in clinical practice. Methods: We collected 4691 X-ray images of the cervical spine of the 906 patients with RA. Among these images, 3480 were used for training the deep learning model, 803 were used for validating the model during the training process, and the remaining 408 were used for testing the performance of the trained model. The two-dimensional key points’ detection model of Deep High-Resolution Representation Learning for Human Pose Estimation was adopted as the base convolutional neural network model. The model inferred four coordinates to calculate the atlantodental interval (ADI) and space available for the spinal cord (SAC). Finally, these values were compared with those by clinicians to evaluate the performance of the model. Results: Among the 408 cervical images for testing the performance, the trained model correctly identified the four coordinates in 99.5% of the dataset. The values of ADI and SAC were positively correlated among the model and two clinicians. The sensitivity of AAS diagnosis with ADI or SAC by the model was 0.86 and 0.97 respectively. The specificity of that was 0.57 and 0.5 respectively. Conclusions: We present the development of a deep learning model for the evaluation of cervical lesions of patients with RA. The model was demonstrably shown to be useful for quantitative evaluation.Okita Y., Hirano T., Wang B., et al. Automatic evaluation of atlantoaxial subluxation in rheumatoid arthritis by a deep learning model. Arthritis Research and Therapy 25, 181 (2023); 10.1186/s13075-023-03172-x

Low Concentration of Etoposide Induces Enhanced Osteogenesis in MG63 Cells via Pin1 Activation

福岡歯科大学2020年

Structure and Spin State of Iron(II) Assembled Complexes Using 9,10-Bis(4-pyridyl)anthracene as Bridging Ligand

Assembled complexes, [Fe(NCX)2(bpanth)2]n (X = S, Se, BH3; bpanth = 9,10-bis(4-pyridyl)anthracene), were synthesized. The iron for the three complexes was in temperature-independent high spin state by 57Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy and magnetic susceptibility measurement. X-ray structural analysis revealed the interpenetrated structure of [Fe(NCS)2(bpanth)2]n. In the local structure around the iron atom, the coordinated pyridine planes were shown to be a parallel type, which is in accordance with the results investigated by density functional theory (DFT) calculation. This complex (X = S) has CH–π interactions between the H atom of coordinated pyridine and the neighboring anthracene of the other 2D grid. It was suggested that the interpenetrated structure was supported by the stabilization of CH–π interaction, and this intermolecular interaction forced the relatively unstable parallel structure. That is, the unstable local structure is compensated by the stabilization due to intermolecular interaction, which controlled the spin state as high spin state

Effects of Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I on the Expression of Atrogin-1/MAFbx in Chick Myotube Cultures

The expression of atrogin-1/MAFbx, a muscle-specific E3 ubiquitin ligase, is increased in catabolic conditions that result in muscle atrophy. The expression of atrogin-1/MAFbx mRNA is also decreased by the insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) in mammalian skeletal muscle cell cultures. This study investigated the effect of IGF-I on the expression of atrogin-1/MAFbx in chicken skeletal muscle cell cultures. Chick myotubes were incubated with IGF-I for 1, 6, or 24 h. Protein content was increased by IGF-I (100 ng/ml) and incubated for 24 h in chick myotubes. The expression of atrogin-1/MAFbx mRNA decreased in the presence of IGF-I (1, 10, and 100 ng/ml) for 6 h in chick myotubes. The expression of the m-calpain large subunit and cathepsin B mRNA was not decreased by IGF-I. Phosphorylation of Akt and FOXO1 increased in the presence of IGF-I (100 ng/ml) for 1 h in chick myotubes. These results indicate that IGF-I suppresses atrogin-1/MAFbx mRNA expression by phosphorylation of Akt and FOXO1, resulting in an increase in muscle growth in chick myotube cultures

Insulin Stimulation of Protein Synthesis and mTOR Signaling in Chick Myotube Cultures

Insulin stimulates protein synthesis in skeletal muscles. Protein synthesis is controlled by the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling in skeletal muscles. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of insulin on protein synthesis and mTOR signaling in chick myotube cultures. Chick myotubes were incubated with insulin (1 µg/ml) for 1 h. Protein synthesis, measured using the surface sensing of translation method, was significantly increased by insulin. The phosphorylation of AKT (Thr308 and Ser473), p70 ribosomal S6 kinase 1 (S6K1, Thr389), S6 ribosomal protein (Ser235/236), and eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E-binding protein 1 (4E-BP1, Thr37/46) was also significantly increased by insulin. These results suggest that insulin stimulates protein synthesis via mTOR signaling (phosphorylation of AKT, S6K1, S6 ribosomal protein, and 4E-BP1) in chick myotube cultures

Automatic evaluation of atlantoaxial subluxation in rheumatoid arthritis by a deep learning model

Abstract Background This work aims to develop a deep learning model, assessing atlantoaxial subluxation (AAS) in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), which can often be ambiguous in clinical practice. Methods We collected 4691 X-ray images of the cervical spine of the 906 patients with RA. Among these images, 3480 were used for training the deep learning model, 803 were used for validating the model during the training process, and the remaining 408 were used for testing the performance of the trained model. The two-dimensional key points’ detection model of Deep High-Resolution Representation Learning for Human Pose Estimation was adopted as the base convolutional neural network model. The model inferred four coordinates to calculate the atlantodental interval (ADI) and space available for the spinal cord (SAC). Finally, these values were compared with those by clinicians to evaluate the performance of the model. Results Among the 408 cervical images for testing the performance, the trained model correctly identified the four coordinates in 99.5% of the dataset. The values of ADI and SAC were positively correlated among the model and two clinicians. The sensitivity of AAS diagnosis with ADI or SAC by the model was 0.86 and 0.97 respectively. The specificity of that was 0.57 and 0.5 respectively. Conclusions We present the development of a deep learning model for the evaluation of cervical lesions of patients with RA. The model was demonstrably shown to be useful for quantitative evaluation

Finite Element Method Analysis of Compression Fractures on Whole-Spine Models Including the Rib Cage

Spinal compression fractures commonly occur at the thoracolumbar junction. We have previously constructed a 3-dimensional whole-spine model from medical images by using the finite element method (FEM) and then used this model to develop a compression fracture model. However, these models lacked the rib cage. No previous study has used whole-spine models including the rib cage constructed from medical images to analyze compression fractures. Therefore, in this study, we added the rib cage to whole-spine models. We constructed the models, including a normal spine model without the rib cage, a whole-spine model with the rib cage, and whole-spine models with compression fractures, using FEM analysis. Then, we simulated a person falling on the buttocks to perform stress analysis on the models and to examine to what extent the rib cage affects the analysis of compression fractures. The results showed that the intensity of strain and the vertebral body with minimum principle strain differed between the spine model including the rib cage and that excluding the rib cage. The strain on the spine model excluding the rib cage had approximately twice the intensity of the strain on the spine model including the rib cage. Therefore, the rib cage contributed to the stability of the thoracic spine, thus preventing deformation of the upper thoracic spine. However, the presence of the rib cage increased the strain around the site of compression fracture, thus increasing the possibilities of a refracture and fractures of adjacent vertebral bodies. Our study suggests that the analysis using spine models including the rib cage should be considered in future investigations of disorders of the spine and internal fracture fixation. The development of improved models may contribute to the improvement of prognosis and treatment of individual patients with disorders of the spine