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Light energy storage in TiO2/MnO2 composite electrode for photoelectrochemical capacitor
Composite electrodes comprising TiO2 and MnO2 particles were prepared as hotoelectrochemical capacitor electrodes that enable both photoelectric conversion and energy storage. A MnO2 electrode was also prepared for characterization of MnO2 alone, and its electrochemical capacitor property was evaluated. The MnO2 electrode showed higher specific capacitance than a RuO2 electrode. Results of the photoelectrochemical measurements demonstrated that the discharge capacity of the TiO2/MnO2 composite electrode was slightly inferior to that of the TiO2 and RuO2 electrodes using. By reducing MnO2 particle size, the composite electrode exhibited increased surface roughness and enhanced capacity. We consider that the smaller MnO2 particles can efficiently store Na+ ions even at a low photo-charge voltage of TiO2
Promotion of clinical trials before / after CTA
Background : Enforcement of the 2018 Clinical Trials Act (CTA) in Japan resulted in strict and complicated regulations surrounding intervention studies. Few Japan-specific measures have been developed to promote intervention studies in Japan despite concerns about CTAâs negative influence on such studies. Therefore, this study examined the changes in academic investigatorsâ interest in conducting clinical studies before and after enforcement of the CTA to determine measures to promote specified clinical trials. Methods : We conducted a questionnaire survey with investigators belonging to the Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, before and after enforcement of the CTA. Results : Investigators had lesser interest in intervention studies in the post-questionnaire survey (post) group than in the pre-questionnaire survey (pre) group. Their desire for âproject managementâ was significantly higher in the post-group than in the pre-group. Their desire for âsupport for preparing documents when conducting specified clinical trialsâ was significantly higher in the group interested in conducting specified clinical trials than that in the not-interested group. Conclusion : We revealed that investigators were highly interested in âproject managementâ and âsupport for preparing documents when conducting specified clinical trialsâ after enforcement of the CTA. Measures for these desires may promote specified clinical trials
Japanese subpopulation analysis of MONARCH 2: phase 3 study of abemaciclib plus fulvestrant for treatment of hormone receptor-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative breast cancer that progressed on endocrine therapy
BACKGROUND: This was a Japanese subpopulation analysis of MONARCH 2, a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, phase 3 study of abemaciclib plus fulvestrant in patients with hormone receptor-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative advanced breast cancer (ABC). METHODS: Eligible women had progressed on (neo)adjuvant endocrine therapy (ET), ââ€â12 months from end of adjuvant ET, or on first-line ET for ABC, and had not received chemotherapy for ABC. Patients were randomized 2:1 to receive abemaciclib or placebo plus fulvestrant. The primary endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS). Secondary endpoints included overall survival (OS), pharmacokinetics (PK), health-related quality of life (HRQoL), and safety. RESULTS: In Japan, 95 patients were randomized (abemaciclib, nâ=â64; placebo, nâ=â31). At final PFS analysis (February 14, 2017), median PFS was 21.2 and 14.3 months, respectively, in the abemaciclib and placebo groups (hazard ratio: 0.672; 95% confidence interval: 0.380-1.189). Abemaciclib had a higher objective response rate (37.5%) than placebo (12.9%). PK and safety profiles for Japanese patients were consistent with those of the overall population, without clinically meaningful differences across most HRQoL dimensions evaluated. The most frequent adverse events in the abemaciclib versus placebo groups were diarrhea (95.2 versus 25.8%), neutropenia (79.4 versus 0%), and leukopenia (66.7 versus 0%). At a second data cutoff (June 20, 2019), median OS was not reached with abemaciclib and 47.3 months with placebo (hazard ratio: 0.755; 95% confidence interval: 0.390-1.463). CONCLUSIONS: Results of the Japanese subpopulation were consistent with the improved clinical outcomes and manageable safety profile observed in the overall population. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: NCT02107703; U.S. National Library of Medicine: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02107703
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Background: Management of abdominal branches associated with Stanford type B aortic dissection is controversial without definite criteria for therapy after thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR). This is in part due to lack of data on natural history related to branch vessels and their relationship with the dissection flap, true lumen, and false lumen. Purpose: To investigate the natural history of abdominal branches after TEVAR for type B aortic dissection and the relationship between renal artery anatomy and renal volume as a surrogate measure of perfusion. Materials and Methods: This study included patients who underwent TEVAR for complicated type B dissection from January 2012 to March 2017 at 20 centers. Abdominal aortic branches were classified with following features: patency, branch vessel origin, and presence of extension of the aortic dissection into a branch (pattern 1, supplied by the true lumen without branch dissection; pattern 2, supplied by the true lumen with branch dissection, etc). The branch artery patterns before TEVAR were compared with those of the last follow-up CT (mean interval, 19.7 months) for spontaneous healing. Patients with one kidney supplied by pattern 1 and the other kidney by a different pattern were identified, and kidney volumes over the course were compared by using a simple linear regression model. Results: Two hundred nine patients (mean age ± standard deviation, 66 years ± 13; 165 men and 44 women; median follow-up, 18 months) were included. Four hundred fifty-nine abdominal branches at the last follow-up were evaluable. Spontaneous healing of the dissected branch occurred in 63% (64 of 102) of pattern 2 branches. Regarding the other patterns, 6.5% (six of 93) of branches achieved spontaneous healing. In 79 patients, renal volumes decreased in kidneys with pattern 2 branches with more than 50% stenosis and branches supplied by the aortic false lumen (patterns 3 and 4) compared with contralateral kidneys supplied by pattern 1 (pattern 2 vs pattern 1: â16% ± 16 vs 0.10% ± 11, P = .002; patterns 3 and 4 vs pattern 1: â13% ± 14 vs 8.5% ± 14, P = .004). Conclusion: Spontaneous healing occurs more frequently in dissected branches arising from the true lumen than in other branch patterns. Renal artery branches supplied by the aortic false lumen or a persistently dissected artery with greater than 50% stenosis are associated with significantly greater kidney volume loss.å士ïŒå»åŠïŒã»ä¹ç¬¬1461å·ã»ä»€å2幎6æ30æ¥Copyright © 2019 by authors and RSNA. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
Seven-plus hours of daily sedentary time and the subsequent risk of breast cancer : Japan Multi-Institutional Collaborative Cohort Study
This study aimed to investigate the association between daily sedentary time and the risk of breast cancer (BC) in a large Japanese population. The participants were 36,023 women aged 35â69âyears from the Japan Multi-Institutional Collaborative Cohort Study. Cox proportional hazards analysis was used to estimate adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for BC incidence in relation to time spent sedentarily (categorical variables: <7 and â¥7âhours/day [h/d]). Additionally, the associations of BC incidence to the joint effect of sedentary time with each component of physical activity, such as leisure-time metabolic equivalents (METs), frequency of leisure-time physical activity, and daily walking time, were examined. During 315,189 person-years of follow-up, 554 incident cases of BC were identified. When compared to participants who spent <7âh/d sedentary, those who spent â¥7âh/d sedentary have a significantly higher risk of BC (HR, 1.36; 95% CI, 1.07â1.71). The corresponding HRs among participants who spent â¥7âh/d sedentary with more physical activity, such as â¥1âh/d for leisure-time METs, â¥3âdays/week of leisure-time physical activity, and â¥1âh/d of daily walking were 1.58 (95% CI, 1.11â2.25), 1.77 (95% CI, 1.20â2.61), and 1.42 (95% CI, 1.10â1.83), respectively, compared with those who spent <7âh/d sedentary. This study found that spending â¥7âh/d of sedentary time is associated with the risk of BC. Neither leisure-time physical activity nor walking had a BC-preventive effect in those with â¥7âh/d of sedentary time
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