On the Flow of the Magnetic Flux in a Metal Plate for a Thickness Gage

This paper has been presented for a fundamental consideration to a convenient method of field inspection for the measurement of the thickness of metal plate of which only one side is readily accessible, i. e. various gas cylinders, high pressure reaction vessels and gas tanks etc., In the first place, the writer has treated a problem on the three dimensional flow of the magnetic flux penetrating into a metal plate, when the steady or alternating magnetomotive force is supplied between two points on its surface, and the results obtained by mathematical calculations were verified by the some fundamental experiments. In the practical applications, however, for the effect of the contact resistance between the pole piece of the magnetic yoke and the surface of the methal plate under test a more accurate discussion will be required. The difficulty that this effect would vitiate the reading obtained will be overcome by a practical device described in later section

Measurement of the Thickness of Metal Plate by Ultrasonic Harmonic Method. II : Electronic Operation and Results of a Field Inspection

In this paper, which deals with the technical descriptions of the apparatus to extend as far as possible the range of practical application of this method, the writer has proceeded with the design of the measuring circuit. After giving some important technical notes on the arrangements of the circuit, the construction of the apparatus made by the writer has been presented. The accuracy and possibility of this measurement should be considered under various conditions of the metal plate to be tested, and so, with the some samples indented or sloped in the back surface, indications of the thickness resonance have been discussed experimentally. Lastly, as a typical example of the practical application of this method, the inspection of the wall thickness of the penstock at the electric power plant has been adduced. Readings at some points in this inspection have been compared with the direct readings obtained by the drilling method. The difference between the readings by the two ways is less than six percent at every point

On the Emulsification of the Flotation Reagents by Means of Ultrasonic Waves

The method utilizing frothers as a flotation reagent, emulsified in water by means of ultrasonic waves of a suitable frequency and intensity, was investigated. The object is to obtain high selectivity for the differential flotation with the lowest economical comsumption of the flotation reagents. By this process, the ore minerals to be required can be collected with high efficiency which is due to the increase of the floating action, even if the reagents are hardly mixing with water, the emulsion can be readily intermixed into the pulp

RANKL is a therapeutic target of bone destruction in rheumatoid arthritis [version 1; peer review: 2 approved]

Although remarkable advances have been made in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), novel therapeutic options with different mechanisms of action and fewer side effects have been expected. Recent studies have demonstrated that bone-resorbing osteoclasts are critically involved in the bone destruction associated with RA. Denosumab, a human antibody against receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B ligand (RANKL), efficiently suppressed the progression of bone erosion in patients with RA by suppressing osteoclast differentiation and activation in several clinical studies, although it had no effect on inflammation or cartilage destruction. Denosumab, in combination with anti-rheumatic drugs, is considered a pivotal therapeutic option for the prevention of bone destruction in RA

Calcium Phosphate in Aspergillosis of the Maxillary Sinus

The unique appearance of apatite in fungus balls of aspergillosis in the maxillary sinus was investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray microdiffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). Rod-shaped fragments with tubular structures, and globular vesicles covered with conidia were observed in the fungus balls. Massive fragments of a solid substance were demonstrated inside the fungus balls. Calcium and phosphate were detected in necrotic areas of the fungus balls by EDS. X-ray microdiffraction and FT-IR showed the presence of an apatite-like substance, but failed to demonstrate the presence of calcium oxalate crystals usually found in such fungus balls

Effects of the anti-RANKL antibody denosumab on joint structural damage in patients with rheumatoid arthritis treated with conventional synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DESIRABLE study): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 3 trial.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the efficacy of denosumab in suppressing joint destruction when added to conventional synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (csDMARD) therapy in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).MethodsThis was a multi-centre, randomised, double-blind, parallel-group, placebo-controlled phase 3 study in Japan. Patients with RA aged ≥20 years receiving csDMARDs were randomly assigned (1:1:1) to denosumab 60 mg every 3 months (Q3M), denosumab 60 mg every 6 months (Q6M) or placebo. The change in the modified total Sharp score (mTSS) and effect on bone mineral density (BMD) at 12 months was evaluated.ResultsIn total, 654 patients received the trial drugs. Denosumab groups showed significantly less progression of joint destruction. The mean changes in the mTSS at 12 months were 1.49 (95% CI 0.99 to 1.99) in the placebo group, 0.99 (95% CI 0.49 to 1.49) in the Q6M group (p=0.0235) and 0.72 (95% CI 0.41 to 1.03) in the Q3M group (p=0.0055). The mean changes in bone erosion score were 0.98 (95% CI 0.65 to 1.31) in the placebo group, 0.51 (95% CI 0.22 to 0.80) in the Q6M group (p=0.0104) and 0.22 (95% CI 0.09 to 0.34) in the Q3M group (p=0.0001). No significant between-group difference was observed in the joint space narrowing score. The per cent change in lumbar spine (L1-L4) BMD in the placebo, Q6M and Q3M groups were -1.03%, 3.99% (p<0.0001) and 4.88% (p<0.0001). No major differences were observed among safety profiles.ConclusionsDenosumab inhibits the progression of joint destruction, increases BMD and is well tolerated in patients with RA taking csDMARD

Measurement of the Thickness of Metal Plate by Ultrasonic Harmonic Method. III : On the Resonance of Lower Harmonic Order

When the harmonic order of the thickness resonance is extremely low as fundamental or second, it is distinctly seen that the apparent velocity of sound computed from the ordinary relation for the resonance tends to increase somewhat. In this paper, an interpretation applicable to the resonance of such a lower order is given by introducing the phase shift of sound wave reflected internally within the metal plate, referring to the results experimentally obtained

Measurement of Ultrasonic Attenuation in Metals by the Pulse Method

A method for measuring ultrasonic attenuation in some common metals is described together with the results obtained in the frequency range from 500 Kc/s to 6 Mc/s by the use of pulse techniqes. Although the multiple-echo method has been widely applied in such measurement, many factors should be taken into consideration to obtain accurate results. In this research, to get rid as far as possible of errors due to these factors, many corrections were made in the use of the apparatus and the conditions of measurement. Attenuation constants were determined for four common metals, mild steel, cast iron, aluminum and copper. It seems that the resultant error is less than ±10 percent in every case

On the Embrittlement and Toughness of High Purity Fe-30Cr-2Mo Alloy

Experiments were conducted to explain unexpected embrittlement phenomena encountered in fabricating a high purity Fe-30Cr-2Mo alloy. By means of a hydrostatic tensile test with a Bridgman-Type specimen it was found that the fracture behaviour of the alloy is highly dependent on stress state. Under conditions of low triaxial stress, the alloy displays excellent ductility. Under conditions of high triaxial stress, however, the alloy shows less strain to fracture and a transition from ductile to cleavage fracture. The toughness of the Fe-30Cr-2Mo alloy can be significantly improved by thermomechanical processing