71 research outputs found
Symptomatic Sacral Perineurial (Tarlov) Cysts
Sacral perineurial (Tarlov) cysts are rare lesions. Over a seven year period 4000 patients underwent surgery for lumbar disk herniation. In three patients neurological symptoms were caused by large sacral perineurial cysts. Methods of choice for diagnosis of Tarlov cysts are lumbosacral magnetic resonance imaging and computerized tomography myelography. The majority of Tarlov cysts are asymptomatic. In case of large (Å1.5 cm) and symptomatic perineurial cyst, as in three patients reported in this article, microsurgical treatment was successful. Although rare, perineurial (Tarlov) cysts must be taken into consideration when approaching to patient with low back and radicular pain. Authors review the medical literature, pathological and pathophysiological features and treatment options of sacral perineurial cysts
Cerebellopontine angle tumors
Tumori pontocerebelarnog kuta Äine gotovo desetinu svih intrakranijskih tumora.
Zbog odreÄenih znaÄajki u kliniÄkoj slici i pristupu u lijeÄenju, ove Äe tumore mnogi autori svrstati
u zajedniÄku skupinu patologije u neurokirurgiji. Ove lezije predstavljaju poseban izazov u
dijagnostici i kirurÅ”kom lijeÄenju zbog specifiÄnog anatomskog smjeÅ”taja i vrlo raznolike etiologije.
UnatoÄ svojoj kompleksnosti, a sukladno rezultatima najnovijih kliniÄkih istraživanja, u modernoj
neurokirurgiji oÄekuje se uspjeÅ”no prepoznavanje kao i praÄenje progresije lezija pontocerebelarnog
kuta na temelju kliniÄke slike i visoko specifiÄnih neuroradioloÅ”kih i drugih metoda
diferencijalne dijagnostike. U konaÄnici kirurÅ”ko lijeÄenje dovodi do niskog morbiditeta i zanemarivog
mortaliteta operiranih bolesnika.Cerebellopontine angle tumors comprise almost 10 % of all intracranial tumors.
Due to their distinct clinical features and therapy approaches these tumors are listed within
the same neurosurgery pathological group. Such lesions represent a unique challenge in diagnostics
and surgical treatment which reflects their specific anatomic position and a large variety in etiology.
Despite the complexity of such tumors the most recent clinical research studies indicate
that modern neurosurgery can provide successful recognition and monitoring of cerebellopontine
angle lesion progression based on the clinical features and highly specific neuroradiological
and other diagnostic methods. Surgical treatment results in low morbidity and
minimal mortality rate of patients going through such surgery
Surgical procedures in treatment of mesial temporal lobe epilepsy
Älanak donosi detaljan pregled razliÄitih operacijskih tehnika resekcije koje se trenutno
izvode u neurokirurÅ”kom lijeÄenju epilepsije mezijalnog sljepooÄnog režnja. Tri su temeljne
razlike meÄu resekcijskim tehnikama. Prva se odnosi na opseg resekcije mezijalnih temporalnih
struktura u odnosu na temporalni neokorteks (resekcija temporalnog neokorteksa bez resekcije
mezijalnih temporalnih struktura i obrnuto). Druga se odnosi na toÄan opseg resekcije
mezijalnih temporalnih struktura uz razlike u opsegu resekcije amigdala, hipokampusa i parahipokampusa.
TreÄa se odnosi na razliku u anatomskom pristupu (transsilvijski ili transkortikalni
pristup).This paper reviews the various anatomic techniques of temporal lobe resection
used in surgical treatment of medically refractory mesial temporal lobe epilepsy. There are
several resection techniques currently in use for treatment of mesial temporal lobe epilepsy.
The main differences among those techniques is in the extent of neocortical resection vs.
mesial temporal resection and the anatomic approaches used (transsylvian vs. transcortical
approach)
Surgical procedures in treatment of mesial temporal lobe epilepsy
Älanak donosi detaljan pregled razliÄitih operacijskih tehnika resekcije koje se trenutno
izvode u neurokirurÅ”kom lijeÄenju epilepsije mezijalnog sljepooÄnog režnja. Tri su temeljne
razlike meÄu resekcijskim tehnikama. Prva se odnosi na opseg resekcije mezijalnih temporalnih
struktura u odnosu na temporalni neokorteks (resekcija temporalnog neokorteksa bez resekcije
mezijalnih temporalnih struktura i obrnuto). Druga se odnosi na toÄan opseg resekcije
mezijalnih temporalnih struktura uz razlike u opsegu resekcije amigdala, hipokampusa i parahipokampusa.
TreÄa se odnosi na razliku u anatomskom pristupu (transsilvijski ili transkortikalni
pristup).This paper reviews the various anatomic techniques of temporal lobe resection
used in surgical treatment of medically refractory mesial temporal lobe epilepsy. There are
several resection techniques currently in use for treatment of mesial temporal lobe epilepsy.
The main differences among those techniques is in the extent of neocortical resection vs.
mesial temporal resection and the anatomic approaches used (transsylvian vs. transcortical
approach)
Provedba specifiÄnoga neurokirurÅ”kog operacijskog postupnika u hitnih elektivnih i hitnih bolesnika tijekom pandemije bolesti COVID-19 u Hrvatskoj: institucijsko iskustvo
Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic was declared on January 30, 2020. The disease has rapidly disseminated throughout Europe, reaching Croatia from late February onward, representing a great burden to the national health care system. Our institutionās capacity for emergency neurosurgery was adjusted to assure adequate degree of protection for both the patients and medical workforce. Separate COVID-19-free pathways were ensured, while regular operative program has been attuned to the existing epidemiological condition.
Aim: To explain the implementation of neurosurgical protocol for urgent elective and emergency traumatic brain injury patients during the COVID-19 pandemic based on our institutional experience.
Methods: The time of pandemic was divided into 3 separate two-month periods. Patients, who suffered a traumatic brain injury and were not tested for corona virus, were considered COVID positive and were included in the analysis investigating the type and severity of injury, period of hospital admission and surgery, methods of surgery, and outcome.
Results: A series consisted of 16 patients who were tested for COVID-19 at hospital admission, and underwent urgent/emergency surgery before the test results became known. Surgery was performed according to the specifically designed operative COVID-19 protocol. Skull fracture and traumatic intracranial hemorrhage were mainly observed. Moderate injury was recorded less frequently, particularly during the lockdown, and post-lockdown summer. The majority of patients recuperated well, having good recovery.
Conclusion: A specific operative protocol, employment of protective measures, and a separate operating theatre are mandatory for a safe and successful management of traumatic brain injury to evade transmission of the infection.Uvod: Pandemija bolesti COVID-19 proglaÅ”ena je 30. sijeÄnja 2020. Bolest se brzo proÅ”irila diljem Europe stigavÅ”i u Hrvatsku krajem veljaÄe, Å”to je predstavljalo veliko optereÄenje nacionalnom zdravstvenom sustavu. MoguÄnosti naÅ”e ustanove za pružanje hitnih neurokirurÅ”kih usluga prilagoÄene su tako da osiguraju dostatan i podjednak stupanj zaÅ”tite bolesnika i medicinskog osoblja. Osigurani su nekontaminirani smjeÅ”tajni kapaciteti za COVID negativne bolesnike, a redoviti operacijski program prilagoÄen je trenutaÄnoj epidemioloÅ”koj situaciji.
Cilj: Na temelju naÅ”eg steÄenog iskustva, objasniti primjenu neurokirurÅ”koga operacijskog postupnika u hitnih elektivnih i hitnih bolesnika s traumatskom ozljedom mozga za tijekom pandemije bolesti COVID-19.
Metode: Vrijeme trajanja pandemije podijeljeno je u tri dvomjeseÄna razdoblja. U istraživanje su ukljuÄeni oni bolesnici s traumatskom ozljedom mozga koji nisu bili testirani na koronavirus, pa su time smatrani COVID pozitivnima. Analizirani su sljedeÄi pokazatelji: vrsta i težina ozljede, razdoblje u kojem je bolesnik primljen u bolnicu i operiran te naÄin i ishod kirurÅ”kog lijeÄenja.
Rezultati: Istraživanu skupinu Äinilo je 16 kirurÅ”ki lijeÄenih bolesnika testiranih na COVID-19 pri bolniÄkom primitku, koji su hitno operirani u skladu s posebno oblikovanim operacijskim postupnikom za COVID-19 prije nego Å”to su rezultati testiranja postali poznati. NajÄeÅ”Äe zabilježene vrste ozljede bile su prijelom lubanje i intrakranijsko krvarenje. Umjerena ozljeda mozga bila je po težini najmanje zastupljeni oblik ozljede, posebice za vrijeme trajanja zatvaranja i tijekom ljeta. U veÄine bolesnika zabilježen je dobar oporavak.
ZakljuÄak: Poseban operacijski postupnik, kao i primjena zaÅ”titnih mjera u odvojenim operacijskim dvoranama, uvjet su sigurnog i uspjeÅ”nog lijeÄenja bolesnika s traumatskom ozljedom mozga kako bi se sprijeÄilo Å”irenje infekcije
Intrakranijska hipertenzija uzrokovana Lhermitte-Duclosovom boleÅ”Äu: prikaz sluÄaja
A 24-year-old woman presented with symptoms of increased intracranial pressure. Computed tomography scanning showed a hypodense cerebellar mass. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed a large lesion within the left cerebellar hemisphere and vermis that reduced the fourth ventricle and compressed the aqueduct with subsequent dilatation of the ventricular system. The case is described because of the rare occurrence of Lhermitte-Duclos disease in a central location. The preoperative diagnosis was verified by histologic findings obtained upon subtotal resection of the lesion. MRI provides an opportunity to improve the surgical approach and to evaluate long-term follow-up, thus reducing the probability for recurrence and complications. Therefore, MRI is considered the imaging method of choice to make the diagnosis of Lhermitte-Duclos disease.Mlada žena u dobi od 24 godine primljena je sa simptomima poviÅ”enog intrakranijskog tlaka. Kompjutorizirana tomografija pokazala je hipodenznu cerebelarnu masu. Prikaz pomoÄu magnetske rezonance otkrio je veÄe oÅ”teÄenje unutar lijeve cerebelarne polutke i vermisa, koje je smanjilo Äetvrti ventrikul i pritisnulo akvedukt uz posljediÄnu dilataciju ventrikularnog sustava. SluÄaj se opisuje zbog rijetke pojave srediÅ”nje lokalizirane Lhermitte-Duclosove bolesti. UÄinjena je subtotalna resekcija lezije, a histoloÅ”ki su nalazi potvrdili prijeoperacijski postavljenu dijagnozu. Magnetska rezonanca pruža moguÄnost poboljÅ”anja kirurÅ”kog pristupa i procjenu dugotrajnog praÄenja, smanjujuÄi tako vjerojatnost ponovne pojave bolesti i komplikacija. Stoga se magnetska rezonanca smatra metodom izbora u postavljanju dijagnoze Lhermitte-Duclosove bolesti
Potpuno iÅ”Äezavanje medika mentno tvrdokorne epilepsije temporalnog režnja nakon fenestracije arahnoidne ciste
Intracranial arachnoid cysts are congenital lesions that are frequently detected incidentally. About 30% of patients have a symptomatic epileptic seizure as the presenting symptom, occasionally with other focal neurologic signs. A case is presented of a young male patient with medically refractory temporal lobe epilepsy. Following his neurological examination, epileptic zone was defined in the right temporal lobe that correlated with the MRI-detected sylvian arachnoid cyst. Microneurosurgical cyst fenestration with volume reduction was performed, which resulted in a decremental but eventually complete seizure freedom. In conclusion, the arachnoid microsurgical cyst reduction is a safe procedure and may result in complete remission of symptomatic epileptic seizures and favorable outcomes, as reported in other studies.Intrakranijske arahnoidne ciste su priroÄena oÅ”teÄenja koja se Äesto otkrivaju sluÄajno. U oko 30% bolesnika manifestiraju se simptomatskim epileptiÄnim konvulzijama, ponekad i uz druge žariÅ”ne neuroloÅ”ke znakove. Prikazuje se sluÄaj mladog muÅ”kog bolesnika s medicinski refraktornom epilepsijom temporalnog režnja. Nakon neuroloÅ”kog pregleda epileptiÄna zona je definirana u desnom temporalnom režnju, Å”to je koreliralo s arahnoidnom cistom Sylvianove fisure otkrivenom magnetskom rezonancijom. Izvedena je mikroneurokirurÅ”ka fenestracija ciste sa smanjenjem volumena, Å”to je rezultiralo ublažavanjem i na kraju potpunim izostankom konvulzija. ZakljuÄuje se kako je mikrokirurÅ”ko smanjenje ciste siguran zahvat koji može dovesti do potpune remisije simptomatskih epileptiÄnih napadaja i dobrog ishoda, kao Å”to izvjeÅ”tavaju i autori drugih studija
Sekvestrirana ekstruzija lumbalnog diska: eksperimentalni model, kliniÄka slika, dijagnostika i lijeÄenje
Sequestered extrusions of the lumbosacral spine, a type of herniated lumbar disk, with large sequesters located in the spinal canal, so-called sequestered extrusions of the lumbosacral spine, were analyzed. They are mainly located in the L-4-L5 and L5-S1 spinal segments, and less commonly in the L3-L4 spinal segment, and are divided into several groups.Etiologija i patogeneza sekvestriranih diskus hernija slabinskoga dijela kraljeÅ”nice evidentirana je kod prekomjernih biomehaniÄkih optereÄenja slabinskog modela kraljeÅ”nice (preko 1000 N). Eksperimentalni model je bio svježi humani model slabinske kraljeÅ”nice koji je bio izložen kontinuiranim ekscentriÄnim i centriÄnim optereÄenjima od 1000 do 1500 N. Eksperiment je proveden na 35 svježih modela humane slabinske kraljeÅ”nice u Zavodu za anatomiju Medicinskoga fakulteta i Zavoda za fiziku Prirodoslovno matematiÄkog fakulteta u Zagrebu. SliÄan mehanizam, tj. jaka biomehaniÄka sila, odgovorna je za nastanak sekvestrirane lumbalne ekstruzije diska koja je dokazana neuroradioloÅ”ki (kompjutorizirana tomografija i magnetska rezonanca kraljeÅ”nice) u bolesnika koji traže neurokirurÅ”ku pomoÄ. U pokusima s torzijom sekvestrirane ekstruzije slabinske kraljeÅ”nice javljale su se i pri optereÄenjima manjim od 1000 N (800 N) i uz centriÄna i uz ekscentriÄna optereÄenja. Prema podacima dobivenim iz bolesniÄkih povijesti bolesti veÄina sluÄajeva ekstruzije slabinskog diska nastali su kod podizanja teÅ”kog tereta u kombinaciji s torzijom i rotacijom
Disfonija kao rijetka manifestacija papiloma pontocerebelarnog koroidnog pleksusa
A case is presented of a patient with dysphonia, hearing loss and ataxia due to vestibulocochlear and vagal nerve compression by choroid plexus papilloma in the cerebellopontine angle. Choroid plexus papillomas are rare tumors usually arising in the lateral and fourth ventricle, and rarely found in the cerebellopontine angle, making the neuroimaging characteristics usually not sufficient for diagnosis. Patients usually present with headache and hydrocephalus but tumors in the cerebellopontine angle can cause vestibulocochlear dysfunction and cerebellar symptoms. Dysphonia along with hearing loss was a dominant symptom in the case presented. After complete surgical removal of the tumor, deterioration of dysphonia was noticed; it could be explained as peripheral vagal nerve neuropathy due to tumor compression and intraoperative manipulation. In this case report, we describe dysphonia as an uncommon presentation of a rare posterior fossa tumor. To our knowledge, a case of choroid plexus papilloma presenting with dysphonia has not been described before. Our case extends the differential diagnosis of dysphonia from the otorhinolaryngological to the neurosurgical field.Prikazuje se sluÄaj bolesnika s disfonijom, gubitkom sluha i ataksijom uslijed pritiska na osmi i deseti moždani živac papilomom koroidnog pleksusa u cerebelopontinom kutu. Papilomi koroidnog pleksusa su rijetki tumori koji se obiÄno javljaju u postraniÄnoj i Äetvrtoj moždanoj komori te zbog rijetke pojavnosti u cerebelopontinom kutu neuroradioloÅ”ke karakteristike nisu dostatne za postavljanje dijagnoze. Bolesnici se obiÄno kliniÄki prezentiraju glavoboljom i hidrocefalusom, no tumori u cerebelopontinom kutu mogu dovesti do poremeÄaja funkcije osmog moždanog živca i cerebelarnih simptoma. U prikazanom sluÄaju kao dominantni simptom javila se disfonija uz gubitak sluha. Nakon potpunog kirurÅ”kog odstranjenja tumora primijeÄeno je pogorÅ”anje disfonije, Å”to se moglo objasniti perifernom neuropatijom desetog moždanog živca uslijed pritiska tumora i intraoperacijske manipulacije. U ovom prikazu sluÄaja opisuje se disfonija kao neuobiÄajena prezentacija rijetkog tumora stražnje lubanjske jame. Prema naÅ”im spoznajama dosad nije opisan sluÄaj papiloma koroidnog pleksusa koji se prezentira disfonijom. Ovaj sluÄaj proÅ”iruje diferencijalnu dijagnozu disfonije iz otorinolaringoloÅ”kog polja na neurokirurÅ”ko polje
FIRST FRAMELESS NEURONAVIGATION GUIDED BRAIN BIOPSY IN CROATIA
U Älanku predstavljamo biopsiju mozga voÄenu neuronavigacijom, prvi put izvedenu u Republici Hrvatskoj. Napredak tehnologije donosi nam moguÄnost uzimanja uzoraka bez uporabe stereotaktiÄkog okvira, kontrolirajuÄi položaj biopsijske igle s pomoÄu neuronavigacijskog ureÄaja. Pri izvoÄenju biopsije bez fiksnog okvira rabili smo kirurÅ”ki navigacijski sustav Medtronic StealthStationĀ® S7Ā®. Zglobni krak VertekĀ® i ureÄaj za precizno usmjeravanje upotrijebljeni su za rigidnu i preciznu fiksaciju trajektorija igle. Biopsija bez uporabe stereotaktiÄkog okvira, pod kontrolom neuronavigacije, pokazala se pouzdanom metodom u pogledu vizualizacije prilikom planiranja trajektorija, uz moguÄnost odabira viÅ”estrukih ciljnih toÄaka biopsije, a iziskuje manje vremena od biopsije uz uporabu stereotaktiÄkog okvira.First case of frameless neuronavigation guided brain biopsy performed in Croatia is presented. Neuronavigation developing technology enables tissue sample acquiring with a frameless, image-guided technique with visual control of the biopsy needle. Frameless stereotactic brain biopsy was performed using the Medtronic StealthStationĀ® S7Ā® surgical navigation system. The Articulating Arm and the Precision Aiming Device were used for precise and rigid fixation of the needle trajectory. Compared to the frame-based stereotactic procedure, frameless stereotactic biopsy method offers superior visualisation in trajectory planning, multiple target choosing and is a time-saving procedure
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