17 research outputs found
Increased creatinine clearance in polytrauma patients with normal serum creatinine: a retrospective observational study
International audienceINTRODUCTION: The aim of this study, performed in an intensive care unit (ICU) population with a normal serum creatinine, was to estimate urinary creatinine clearance (CLCR) in a population of polytrauma patients (PT) through a comparison with a population of non trauma patients (NPT). METHODS: This was a retrospective, observational study in a medical and surgical ICU in a university hospital. A total of 284 patients were consecutively included. Two different groups were studied: PT (n = 144) and NPT (n = 140). Within the second week after admission to the ICU, renal function was assessed using serum creatinine, 24 h urinary CLCR . RESULTS: Among the 106 patients with a CLCR above 120 mL minute(-1) 1.73 m(-2), 79 were PT and 27 NPT (P < 0.0001). Only 63 patients had a CLCR below 60 mL minute(-1) 1.73 m(-2) with 15 PT and 48 NPT (P < 0.0001). Patients with CLCR greater than 120 mL minute(-1). 1.73 m(-2) were younger, had a lower SAPS II score and a higher male ratio as compared to those having CLCR lower than 120 mL minute(-1). 1.73 m(-2). Through a logistic regression analysis, age and trauma were the only factors independently correlated to CLCR. CONCLUSIONS: In ICU patients with normal serum creatinine, CLCR, is higher in PT than in NPT. The measure of CLCR should be proposed as routine for PT patients in order to adjust dose regimen, especially for drugs with renal elimination
Etude des cas de surdosage en paracétamol au cours de deux années ( 2001-2002) au Centre hospitalier universitaire de Toulouse
Le paracĂ©tamol est devenu progressivement l'antalgique-antipyrĂ©tique le plus utilisĂ© dans le monde. ParallĂšlement, on observe une croissance du nombre de surdosages. Le risque majeur est une cytolyse hĂ©patique centrolobulaire aiguĂ« provoquĂ©e par la N-AcĂ©tyl-p-benzo-quinone-imine (NAPQI).Ce travail rĂ©trospectif reprend toutes les observations (178 cas) du CHU de Toulouse du mois de janvier 2001 au mois d'octobre 2002 incluant tous les patients ĂągĂ©s de plus de 15 ans et ayant prĂ©sentĂ© un surdosage en paracĂ©tamol supĂ©rieur Ă 30 mg/L. Les Ă©lĂ©ments suivants ont Ă©tĂ© recherchĂ©s : donnĂ©es dĂ©mographiques, type d'intoxication, facteurs de risque, dose de paracĂ©tamol ingĂ©rĂ©e, Ă©lĂ©ments cliniques et biologiques tĂ©moins d'une atteinte hĂ©patique. Le risque d'atteinte hĂ©patique a Ă©tĂ© Ă©valuĂ© Ă l'aide de la paracĂ©tamolĂ©mie rapportĂ©e au nomogramme de Prescott. Enfin, la prise en charge thĂ©rapeutique a Ă©tĂ© Ă©tudiĂ©e.L'Ă©chantillon de population Ă©tait jeune et fĂ©minin. Les surdosages en paracĂ©tamol reprĂ©sentent 4% des intoxications mĂ©dicamenteuses de l'adulte, ils ont Ă©tĂ© le plus souvent rĂ©alisĂ©s avec une intention suicidaire. Le facteur de risque le plus frĂ©quemment retrouvĂ© a Ă©tĂ© l'alcoolisme chronique. Moins de 4% des patients ont prĂ©sentĂ© une paracĂ©tamolĂ©mie toxique. Cette Ă©tude montre l'intĂ©rĂȘt d'Ă©valuer le risque toxique par deux dosages sanguins en paracĂ©tamol espacĂ©s de 4 heures, ainsi que deux bilans hĂ©patiques...TOULOUSE3-BU SantĂ©-Centrale (315552105) / SudocTOULOUSE3-BU SantĂ©-AllĂ©es (315552109) / SudocSudocFranceF
Influence de la microgravité simulée sur la pharmacocinétique du paracétamol (étude chez le rat)
TOULOUSE3-BU Santé-Centrale (315552105) / SudocTOULOUSE3-BU Santé-Allées (315552109) / SudocPARIS12-CRETEIL BU Eco. Gestion (940282103) / SudocSudocFranceF
Les intoxications médicamenteuses volontaires au méprobamate, étude de janvier 2001 à janvier 2003 inclus au CHU Rangueil-Larrey de Toulouse (aspects clinico-biologiques)
Le méprobamate est un tranquillisant largement prescrit. Sa consommation entraßne une forte dépendance physique et psychique ; de plus il est utilisé dans les tentatives d'autolyse..Notre étude rétrospective a été réalisée sur deux ans (janvier 2001 à janvier 2003 inclus) au CHU Rangueil-Larrey de Toulouse et porte sur 180 cas d'intoxications médicamenteuses volontaires au méprobamate chez 153 patients. Les critÚres de sélection étaient : un age supérieure ou égale à 18 ans et une méprobamatémie supérieure ou égale à 40 mg/L. La population étudiée était essentiellement féminine (65%) et quadragénaire. Les patients intoxiqués avaient comme points communs : un passé douloureux et traumatisant, un échec personnel (sentimental et/ou professionnel), une dépendance à un toxique (alcool, tabac ou autres) et enfin un évÚnement déclenchant. L'intoxication était dans un but d'autolyse dans tous les cas sauf un et le pourcentage de récidive était de 37.9 %. Nous déplorons un décÚs.TOULOUSE3-BU Santé-Centrale (315552105) / SudocTOULOUSE3-BU Santé-Allées (315552109) / SudocSudocFranceF
Influence de la microgravité simulée sur la pharmacocinétique du paracétamol utilisé comme marqueur de la vidange gastrique (étude chez le rat et chez le volontaire sain)
TOULOUSE3-BU Sciences (315552104) / SudocSudocFranceF
Influence de la brĂ»lure sur le comportement pharmacocinĂ©tique des mĂ©dicaments (intĂ©rĂȘt de la pharmacocinĂ©tique de population appliquĂ©e Ă la ceftazidime chez le brĂ»lĂ©)
TOULOUSE3-BU Santé-Centrale (315552105) / SudocPARIS-BIUM (751062103) / SudocSudocFranceF
Etude pharmacocinétique/pharmacodynamique des béta-lactamines chez le patient de réanimation
TOULOUSE3-BU Sciences (315552104) / SudocSudocFranceF
Influence de la filtration glomérulaire sur la pharmacocinétique des antibiotiques chez les patients présentant une agression tissulaire aiguë (l'exemple de la brûlure)
TOULOUSE3-BU Sciences (315552104) / SudocSudocFranceF
Short communication: Toxicokinetics of ochratoxin A in dairy ewes and carryover to milk following a single or long-term ingestion of contaminated feed
International audienceRuminal microbes have the capacity to inactivate ochratoxins, rendering ruminants less sensitive to this fungal contaminant found in cereal feeds. However, ochratoxin A has been reported in milk surveys. The objective of this study was to assess the toxicokinetics, excretion, and transmission into milk of ochratoxin A using doses similar to those of naturally occurring field contaminations. Six Lacaune dairy ewes in late lactation were separated into 2 groups that received a single dose of contaminated wheat containing 5 or 30 p,g of ochratoxin A/kg of body weight. After administration, toxicokinetics and excretion were monitored for 48 h. Subsequently, ewes were administered the corresponding toxin dose daily for 24 d followed by a second toxicokinetics and excretion monitoring period for this long-term exposure. The doses used did not affect production or health of ewes. After a single dose, ochratoxin A and its main metabolite, ochratoxin alpha, were found in blood 1 h postexposure. The maximum blood concentrations of ochratoxin A and alpha, respectively, were dose dependent and were observed, on average, 6 and 8 h after exposure. Long-term exposure increased the maximum concentration of ochratoxin A detected in blood, whereas ochratoxin alpha was not affected. In contrast, the time to reach the maximum concentration was reduced to 3 h for both molecules. Ochratoxins, essentially ochratoxin alpha, were mainly excreted in feces. Ochratoxin A and alpha were detected in milk at concentrations that were dose dependent but with a low carryover rate (<0.02%). Chronic administration did not increase the concentration of toxin in milk. Even though ochratoxin A can escape ruminal degradation and traces were found in milk of experimentally exposed ewes, the low carryover of ochratoxin A in milk minimizes the risk to consumers
Optimizing ciprofloxacin dosing in intensive care unit patients through the use of population pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic analysis and Monte Carlo simulations
Objectives: To explore different ciprofloxacin dosage regimens for the treatment of intensive care unit (ICU)patients with respect to clinical outcome and the development of bacterial resistance for the major Gramnegativepathogens.Methods: A population pharmacokinetic model was first developed on ciprofloxacin serum concentrationsobtained in 102 ICU patients. Then, based on this model, pharmacokineticâpharmacodynamic Monte Carlosimulations (MCSs) were carried out to explore the appropriateness of different ciprofloxacin dosage regimensin ICU patients. The defined targets were free AUC24/MIC â„90 h (as a predictor of clinical outcome) and TMSWâ€20% (as a predictor of selecting resistance), where TMSW is the time spent within the mutant selection windowover 24 h. Two simulation trials were conducted: Trial 1 took into account the whole MIC distribution for eachcausative pathogen in line with empirical antibiotherapy; Trial 2 used MIC breakpoints given by the AntibiogramCommittee of the French Microbiology Society in order to treat the âworst-caseâ scenario.Results: Trial 1 showed that for Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii, the common dosageregimens of 400 mg twice or three times a day did not achieve the desired target attainment rates (TARs) withrespect to TMSW, while suboptimal TARs were found for AUC24/MIC. Trial 2 showed that â€18% of patientsreached the target of TMSW â€20% for MIC breakpoints of 0.5 and 1 mg/L, regardless of the administered dose.Conclusions: Based on the mutant selection window concept, our simulations truly question the use of ciprofloxacinfor the treatment of P. aeruginosa and A. baumannii infections in ICU patients due to the potential fordeveloping resistance