握力は、糖尿病患者の心血管イベントの独立した予測因子である

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is associated with an increased incidence of cardiovascular events and an elevated prevalence of sarcopenia. However, the relationship between cardiovascular events and sarcopenia in patients with DM remains unclear. This study examined this relationship and investigated the predictors of cardiovascular events in this population.This study enrolled 161 patients with DM and no history of cardiovascular diseases who were admitted to our hospital for the treatment of DM between September 2012 and December 2015. Patients were divided into sarcopenia and non-sarcopenia groups, and were followed until March 2019. The primary endpoint was major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE).The mean age was 65.9 ± 1.8 years old and the mean follow-up period was 4.1 ± 0.8 years. The log-rank test indicated that MACE differed significantly between the two groups (P < 0.0001). Multivariate Cox hazard analysis identified the cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI) and handgrip strength as independent predictors of MACE (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.18, P = 0.039; and HR = 0.70, P = 0.016, respectively).Handgrip strength is an indicator of sarcopenia in diabetic patients, and together with CAVI it was independently associated with the incidence of MACE. This suggests that the handgrip strength test might be useful in the management of patients with DM at high risk of cardiovascular outcomes.博士（医学）・乙第1493号・令和3年3月15日© 2021 by the International Heart Journal Association発行元であるインターナショナル・ハート・ジャーナル刊行会の許諾を得て登録（2021年6月23日付）ジャーナル公式サイト（J-STAGE内）：https://doi.org/10.1536/ihj.20-67

Successful Endoscopic Management of Fish Bone Embedded into the Bladder Wall

We report a case of a pyogenous vesical abscess resulting from an ingested fish bone embedded in the bladder wall that was treated endoscopically in an asymptomatic man. Computed tomography of the abdomen showed a linear radiopaque structure in the thickened left anterolateral wall of the bladder. Cystoscopy revealed a protruding mass, covered with normal-appearing mucosa, with outflow of pus from a shallow recess. Histopathological findings indicated that the transurethrally removed linear structure, located in the submucosa, was compatible with fish bone. A high index of suspicion should be maintained for the correct diagnosis to be made

Honeycomb Layered Frameworks with Metallophilic Bilayers

Honeycomb layered frameworks with metallophilic bilayers have garnered traction in various disciplines due to their unique configuration and numerous physicochemical and topological properties, such as fast ionic conduction, coordination chemistry, and structural defects. These properties make them attractive for energy storage applications, leading to increased attention towards their metallophilic bilayer arrangements. This Review focuses on recent advancements in this field, including characterisation techniques like X-ray absorption spectroscopy and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, particularly for silver-based oxides. It also highlights strategies related to cationic-deficient phases induced by topology or temperature, expanding the compositional space of honeycomb layered frameworks with a focus on cationic bilayer architectures. The Review further discusses theoretical approaches for understanding the bilayered structure, especially concerning critical phenomena at the monolayer-bilayer phase transition. Honeycomb layered frameworks are described as optimised lattices within the congruent sphere packing problem, equivalent to a specific two-dimensional conformal field theory. The monolayer-bilayer phase transition involves a 2D-to-3D crossover. Overall, this Review aims to provide a panoramic view of honeycomb layered frameworks with metallophilic bilayers and their potential applications in the emerging field of quantum matter. It is valuable for recent graduates and experts alike across diverse fields, extending beyond materials science and chemistry.Comment: 68 pages, 24 figure

Unveiling structural disorders in honeycomb layered oxide: Na2Ni2TeO6

Honeycomb layered oxides have garnered tremendous research interest in a wide swath of disciplines owing not only to the myriad physicochemical properties they exhibit, but also their rich crystal structural versatility. Herein, a comprehensive crystallographic study of a sodium-based Na2Ni2TeO6 honeycomb layered oxide has been performed using atomic-resolution transmission electron microscopy, elucidating a plethora of atomic arrangement (stacking) disorders in the pristine material. Stacking disorders in the arrangement of honeycomb metal slab layers (stacking faults) occur predominantly perpendicular to the slabs with long-range coherence length and enlisting edge dislocations in some domains. Moreover, the periodic arrangement of the distribution of alkali atoms is altered by the occurrence of stacking faults. The multitude of disorders innate in Na2Ni2TeO6 envisage broad implications in the functionalities of related honeycomb layered oxide materials and hold promise in bolstering renewed interest in their material science.Correction published, see: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mtla.2021.10110

The Possible Role of TASK Channels in Rank-Ordered Recruitment of Motoneurons in the Dorsolateral Part of the Trigeminal Motor Nucleus.

Because a rank-ordered recruitment of motor units occurs during isometric contraction of jaw-closing muscles, jaw-closing motoneurons (MNs) may be recruited in a manner dependent on their soma sizes or input resistances (IRs). In the dorsolateral part of the trigeminal motor nucleus (dl-TMN) in rats, MNs abundantly express TWIK (two-pore domain weak inwardly rectifying K channel)-related acid-sensitive-K(+) channel (TASK)-1 and TASK3 channels, which determine the IR and resting membrane potential. Here we examined how TASK channels are involved in IR-dependent activation/recruitment of MNs in the rat dl-TMN by using multiple methods. The real-time PCR study revealed that single large MNs (&gt;35 μm) expressed TASK1 and TASK3 mRNAs more abundantly compared with single small MNs (15-20 μm). The immunohistochemistry revealed that TASK1 and TASK3 channels were complementarily distributed in somata and dendrites of MNs, respectively. The density of TASK1 channels seemed to increase with a decrease in soma diameter while there were inverse relationships between the soma size of MNs and IR, resting membrane potential, or spike threshold. Dual whole-cell recordings obtained from smaller and larger MNs revealed that the recruitment of MNs depends on their IRs in response to repetitive stimulation of the presumed Ia afferents. 8-Bromoguanosine-cGMP decreased IRs in small MNs, while it hardly changed those in large MNs, and subsequently decreased the difference in spike-onset latency between the smaller and larger MNs, causing a synchronous activation of MNs. These results suggest that TASK channels play critical roles in rank-ordered recruitment of MNs in the dl-TMN

SNP- and haplotype-based genome-wide association studies for growth, carcass, and meat quality traits in a Duroc multigenerational population

Average linkage disequilibrium coefficient (r2) values plotted against intermarker distance for all autosomal chromosomes. (PDF 407 kb

オンガクカ キョウイク ニオケル KJホウ ノ エンヨウ ホウホウ ニ カンスル ジッセンテキ ケンキュウ : コトバ ガ モツ リズム ニ チャクモクシタ ソウサク カツドウ オ チュウシン ト シテ

The purpose of this investigation was to apply the K-J method to groups consisting of individuals both musically−minded and not, by encouraging dialogue based on a single theme through which all individuals can relate, thereby increasing their collective creative activity. The first study was conducted in March 2009 with JHS Grade 2 students using the theme “Dreams”. The second study was in March 2011 with first grade students using the theme “School”. Applying the K-J method from the viewpoint of creative input, it was clear that both musical students and non−musical students co−operated well to perform the project and to develop the subject matter. Therefore, I would like to consider the positive effects of the K-J method on groups consisting of musically−minded and non −musically−minded subjects, and how those effects work in these groups

Inter-rater reliability of streetscape audits using online observations: Microscale Audit of Pedestrian Streetscapes (MAPS) global in Japan

This study aimed to evaluate the inter-rater reliability of streetscape audits among online observations using the Microscale Audit of Pedestrian Streetscapes-Global version (MAPS-Global) in Japan. MAPS-Global observations were conducted on routes with distances ranging from 400 to 725 m from a residence toward a non-residential destination. Google Street View audits were independently conducted by two trained raters on each route. A tiered scoring system was applied to summarize the items at multiple levels of aggregation. Positive and negative valence scores were created based on the expected association with physical activity. Inter-rater reliability analyses were performed using kappa statistics or intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC). Of the 32 older adults participating in an intervention study in the community-wide physical activity promotion project in Fujisawa City, 19 addresses were used, excluding those with nearby addresses. Results demonstrated “excellent” agreement for most of the summary scores analyzed (kappa or ICC values of 0.75 or higher [80.4 %]), while 6.5 % of items exhibited “good” agreement (ICC = 0.60–0.74). By contrast, only 13.0 % of the scales had ICC values lower than 0.60 (“fair” or “poor” reliability). The results illustrated high reliability for the grand summary scores and composite subscale measures. However, caution should be exercised when interpreting subscale scores for less frequently observed negative attributes and aesthetic/social characteristics. The results presented in this study support the application of online observations using MAPS-Global in urban areas of Japan, which could be implemented to inform decisions related not only to physical activity but also to traffic safety

Effect of dapagliflozin on 24-hour glycemic variables in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus receiving basal insulin supported oral therapy (DBOT) : a multicenter, randomized, open-label, parallel-group study

Introduction: This study aimed to evaluate the impacts of dapagliflozin on 24-hour glucose variability and diabetes-related biochemical variables in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes who had received basal insulin supported oral therapy (BOT). Research design and methods: Changes in mean daily blood glucose level before and after 48–72 hours of add-on or no add-on of dapagliflozin (primary end point) and diabetes-related biochemical variables and major safety variables during the 12 weeks (secondary end point) were evaluated in the multicenter, randomized, two-arm, open-label, parallel-group comparison study. Results: Among 36 participants, 18 were included in the no add-on group and 18 were included in the dapagliflozin add-on group. Age, gender, and body mass index were comparable between the groups. There were no changes in continuous glucose monitoring metrics in the no add-on group. In the dapagliflozin add-on group, mean glucose (183–156mg/dL, p=0.001), maximum glucose (300–253, p<0.01), and SD glucose (57–45, p<0.05) decreased. Time in range increased (p<0.05), while time above the range decreased in the dapagliflozin add-on group but not in the no add-on group. After 12-week treatment with dapagliflozin add-on, 8-hydroxy-2’-deoxyguanosine (8OHdG), as well as hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), decreased. Conclusions: This study showed that the mean daily blood glucose and other daily glucose profiles were amended after 48–72 hours of dapagliflozin add-on in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes who received BOT. The diabetes-related biochemical variables such as HbA1c and urinary 8OHdG were also obtained during the 12 weeks of dapagliflozin add-on without major adverse events. A preferable 24-hour glucose profile in ‘time in ranges’ and an improvement in reactive oxygen species by dapagliflozin warrant us to evaluate these benefits in larger clinical studies