Parametric Resonance in Neutrino Oscillation: A Guide to Control the Effects of Inhomogeneous Matter Density

Effects of the inhomogeneous matter density on the three-generation neutrino oscillation probability are analyzed. Realistic profile of the matter density is expanded into a Fourier series. Taking in the Fourier modes one by one, we demonstrate that each mode has its corresponding target energy. The high Fourier mode selectively modifies the oscillation probability of the low-energy region. This rule is well described by the parametric resonance between the neutrino oscillation and the matter effect. The Fourier analysis gives a simple guideline to systematically control the uncertainty of the oscillation probability caused by the uncertain density of matter. Precise analysis of the oscillation probability down to the low-energy region requires accurate evaluation of the Fourier coefficients of the matter density up to the corresponding high modes.Comment: 7 pages, 5 eps figure

Peak loops untying the degeneracy of the neutrino parameters

Systematic analysis of the determination of the value of leptonic CP-violating angle delta and the neutrino mass hierarchy sgn(delta m^2_31) by long baseline neutrino oscillation experiments is presented. We note the difficulty to distinguish a pair of oscillation probability spectra that are peaked at the same energy and have the same probability at that energy. We thereby set forth the peak-matching condition as a criterion of the presence of degeneracy, and visualize it by intersections of the trajectories drawn by a peak of an oscillation spectrum while the value of delta is varied from 0 to 2pi. We numerically calculate the pairs of the trajectories for both hierarchies and show that the pair becomes disjoint as the baseline gets longer than a critical length, indicating the matter effect resolving the degeneracy on the hierarchy. We formulate the trajectories into analytic expressions and evaluate the critical length. We provide prospects of the following four approaches of resolving the hierarchy: making the baseline longer than the critical length, using both neutrinos and anti-neutrinos, combining experiments with different baseline lengths, and observing two or more oscillation peaks.Comment: ReVTeX4, 9 pages, 6 Figures. Prepared for the proceedings of "International Workshop on Neutrino Masses and Mixings -- Toward Unified Understanding of Quark and Lepton Mass Matrices --" at University of Shizuoka on December 17-19, 200

An illustration and analysis of the degeneracy in the search for the leptonic CP-violating angle and the neutrino mass hierarchy

Determination of the value of the leptonic CP-violating phase deltaand the neutrino mass hierarchy sgn(dm2_31) through long baselineneutrino oscillation experiments is systematically analyzed. We notethat the two oscillation spectra are difficult to discriminate andlead to the degeneracy when they are peaked at the same energy andhave the same peak probability. The condition of peak-matching istherefore introduced as a criterion for the presence of degeneracy.The matching of peaks is visualized as an intersection of trajectoriestraced by the peak of an oscillation spectrum while the value of deltais varied from 0 to 2pi. We numerically calculate a pair oftrajectories for a pair of hierarchies and examine the degeneracy,especially that concerning the hierarchy. We formulate the trajectoryin terms of analytic expressions and evaluate the critical length,which is shown to be proportional to 1/sin(theta_13). In view of ouranalysis, we discuss future prospects to solve the hierarchydegeneracy with regard to the following four approaches: elongatingthe baseline length sufficiently, using both neutrinos andanti-neutrinos, combining experiments with different baseline lengths,and observing two or more oscillation peaks.Comment: PTPTeX, 23 pages, 11 figures. Minor updates in accordance with the published versio

Leptonic CP Violation Search and the Ambiguity of dm^2_31

We consider a search for the CP-violating angle deltaCP in long baseline neutrino oscillation experiments. We show that the subleading deltaCP-dependent terms in the nu_mu -> nu_e oscillation probability can be easily obscured by the ambiguity of the leading term which depends on |dm^2_31|. It is thus necessary to determine the value of dm^2_31 with a sufficient accuracy. The nu_mu survival events, which can be accumulated simultaneously with the nu_e appearance events, can serve for this purpose owing to its large statistics. Therefore, the combined analysis of nu_e appearance and nu_mu survival events is crucial to provide a restrictive constraint on deltaCP. Taking a test experimental setup, we demonstrate in the deltaCP-dm^2_31 plane that the analysis of nu_e appearance events leads to less restrictive constraints on the value of deltaCP due to the ambiguity of dm^2_31 and that the combined analysis efficiently improves the constraints.Comment: ReVTeX file, 9 pages, 7 figures. Discussions added in Sections 1, 2, and 4; Reference expande

服薬継続における「自己決定の尊重」と看護：当事者の語りをとおして考える

抗精神病薬の服薬中断により入退院を繰り返したある当事者の語りをとおして、服薬継続における「自己決定の尊重」と看護の役割について考察し、主体的に服薬継続をしていくために看護が求められていることは何かを明らかにした。患者が自ら服薬継続の必要性を認識し納得する、そのプロセスを支援していくことが看護に求められる。具体的には、(1)薬物療法に関する日常的な援助場面や、SST・心理教育などの集団療法的な場面で、看護の専門性に則ったインフォームド・コンセントを行っていく、(2)患者－医師間に信頼関係ができ、薬に関して率直に話し合いができるようになるために、患者自らが行動を起こせるようなエンパワメントを図っていくことが挙げられる。また、肥満のような個人的なプライバシーに関わる副作用については、集団療法的アプローチとともに個別的な対応が求められる。その対応策は、患者自ら判断でき、その人なりの無理のない実践が可能となるように支援をする。地域で生活する当事者には、副作用などの困りごとをいつでも相談できる「場」が必要である。外来などを利用して、患者に最も近くにいる看護が中心となって、「場」を提供する対策が必要である。Through talking of a certain person who repeated hospitalization and release by interrupting the antipsychotic taking medicine, the role of the nursing to continue taking medicine by the selfdecision is considered and nursed being requested so that the patient might independently continue taking medicine clarified something. In it, it is a role of nursing to support the process until the patient recognizes and consents in the necessity of continuance of taking medicine by himself. Concretely, it is important to do informed consent that follows the specialty of nursing in a daily help scene concerning the drug therapy and group therapy scenes of SST and the psychology education, etc. Moreover, it is necessary that the nursing master attempt help that can regain courage that the patient can take the action because the patient can do mutual trust, and comes to be able to discuss the medicine with frankly with the doctor. For instance, not only a group therapy approach but also individual correspondence is requested for a personal problem of related to privacy like obesity as for nursing. The place in which it can consult about the thing that it worries about the side effect at anytime is necessary for the person concerned who lives in the region

The Development of Corporate Governance for Mergers and Acquisitions in Japan

The purpose of this paper is to study for how corporate governance in Japanese firms has developed more effective for M&A. Mandatory disclosure related to corporate governance have rapidly improved and established. However, the sensational case of Olympus for accounting fraud makes us to remember that Japanese firms have the weakness of corporate governance and audit as well as various disgraceful affairs in the past. Actually, overseas investors have thought that financial statements of Japanese firms without reliability since several frauds since 1990, which resulted in the problem of Legend Clause. Recently, several global M&A of Japanese companies are presented lively in foreign countries, but such M&A are abused by concealment of loss for many years of Olympus. The growing discussions about higher corporate governance made global markets to develop with the transparency of their accounting information. Thus, it is necessary for Japanese firms to enrich the financial information for corporate governance. We need to consider several of historical cases in Japan such as Sotoh and Yushiro that indicate the change of their positive disclosure to effective corporate governance after TOB attack

The Effect of IFRS Implementation on Earnings Quality in Indonesia

The purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of IFRS adoption on earnings quality of Indonesian companies in the convergence process. The examination is focused on the persistence and accrual quality model. High-quality financial reports provide investors with the information and confidence necessary to invest in the global capital markets. A high-quality set of accounting standards enables investors to receive suitable information while considering the reasonable costs of implementing those standards. The contribution of this paper is to give some implications for the accounting standard setters. Therefore, we investigate the effect of IFRS implementation on earnings quality with Indonesian sample use accounting-based measures: persistence, and accrual quality. We first consider the accounting standard\u27s incremental effect on persistence (the interaction of prior period\u27s earnings and the accounting standard variable). Second, we examine the changes in accrual quality. There are some implications shown by the results. Indonesian cases by persistence and accrual quality models indicate each of significant results: (1) the estimated coefficient for the incremental persistence for each of the twelve accounting standards and (2) eight of the estimated coefficients for the accounting standard effect; five of which are positive