Maximum Classifier Discrepancy for Unsupervised Domain Adaptation

In this work, we present a method for unsupervised domain adaptation. Many adversarial learning methods train domain classifier networks to distinguish the features as either a source or target and train a feature generator network to mimic the discriminator. Two problems exist with these methods. First, the domain classifier only tries to distinguish the features as a source or target and thus does not consider task-specific decision boundaries between classes. Therefore, a trained generator can generate ambiguous features near class boundaries. Second, these methods aim to completely match the feature distributions between different domains, which is difficult because of each domain's characteristics. To solve these problems, we introduce a new approach that attempts to align distributions of source and target by utilizing the task-specific decision boundaries. We propose to maximize the discrepancy between two classifiers' outputs to detect target samples that are far from the support of the source. A feature generator learns to generate target features near the support to minimize the discrepancy. Our method outperforms other methods on several datasets of image classification and semantic segmentation. The codes are available at \url{https://github.com/mil-tokyo/MCD_DA}Comment: Accepted to CVPR2018 Oral, Code is available at https://github.com/mil-tokyo/MCD_D

Marx e Engels: a relação intelectual revisitada a partir de uma perspectiva ecológica

O Marxismo Ocidental assume frequentemente a divisão intelectual do trabalho entre Marx e Engels. Conforme tal perspectiva, este último especializou-se no campo da “natureza”, enquanto o primeiro analisou particularmente a “sociedade” humana. No entanto, este binário natureza-sociedade não se sustenta mais: novos materiais publicados recentemente pelo projeto Marx-Engels-Gesamtausgabe (Mega) mostram que Marx também estudou de modo intenso as ciências naturais, principalmente em seus últimos anos de vida. Porém, houve uma tentativa de Engels em subestimar a importância da pesquisa científica natural de Marx. Estimulado pelas expressivas discussões sobre a ecologia de Marx entre os ecossocialistas, este artigo visa explicitar o escopo teórico da crítica ecológica de Marx ao capitalismo com base no projeto Mega. Em contraste com John Bellamy Foster e Paul Burkett, que não reconhecem nenhuma diferença significativa entre Marx e Engels no que diz respeito à ecologia, argumentamos que através da Mega é possível identificar elementos únicos da ecologia de Marx que são distintas daquelas apresentadas por Engels em aspectos centrais. A crítica ecológica de Engels, desenvolvida principalmente em A ideologia alemã e no Manifesto comunista, durante a década de 1840, permaneceu dentro do esquema do “antagonismo entre a cidade e o campo”, e esta perspectiva foi mantida em Dialética da natureza e no Anti-Dühring na década de 1870. Por outro lado, Marx, depois de ler a sétima edição de Agricultural Chemistry de Justus von Liebig em 1865/66, desenvolveu sua teoria da “ruptura metabólica”, que vai para além da ideia bastante estática do “antagonismo entre a cidade e o campo”. Após 1868, Marx estudou ainda mais entusiasticamente várias disciplinas das ciências naturais, como química, geologia e botânica, a fim de examinar a (in)sustentabilidade do modo de produção capitalista, cujo desejo ilimitado de valorização do capital acentua de forma inevitável graves desequilíbrios em várias esferas do planeta. Particularmente, os cadernos de excertos sobre as obras de Carl Fraas e Joseph Beete Juke documentam que os interesses ecológicos de Marx estiveram sempre expansão até o último momento de sua vida. Marx não foi capaz de integrar seus novos conhecimentos de ciências naturais, mas hoje o projeto Mega finalmente lança mais luz sobre esses aspectos ecológicos desconhecidos da crítica de Marx à economia política

A Framework for a Large-Scale Machine Tool With Long Coarse Linear Axes Under Closed-Loop Volumetric Error Compensation

A large-scale machine tool is typically very inefficient in size, cost, and energy consumption. Some large parts only have a set of machining features, each of which is within a small local region, and their location should meet position and orientation tolerances. In such a machining application, as a more cost- and energy-effective alternative, this paper presents the concept of a “portable” machine tool, where a small machining platform, with the capability to machine each local machining feature in the required accuracy, is moved by long coarse linear axes. The coarse axes only perform the point-to-point positioning to each machining feature and fixed by servo control during the machining. They do not have sufficient positioning repeatability. To ensure the position/orientation accuracy of each machining feature without having highly repeatable coarse axes, this paper proposes the application of a tracking interferometer to measure all the error motions of coarse axes, and then to perform their compensation. This can be seen as a closed-loop feedback control for coarse axes using the tracking interferometer in the loop. The proposed concept is demonstrated by the experiments with its prototype using a six-degrees of freedom robot moved by two coarse linear axes

Legionnaires\u27 Disease, its Bacteriological Characteristics, Distribution and Clinical Features in Japan

DISTRIBUTION OF LEGIONELLA SPECIES FROM ENVIRONMENTAL SOURCE IN JAPAN Each 500 ml of 408 water samples including 343 coiling tower water from sites widely distributed over Japan, 25 samples of paddy field, 29 samples of river and 11 samples of lake, fountain, puddle and shower water in Nagasaki area, was obtained and centrifuged at 10,000 rpm for 20 min. The sediments were cultured in a selective medium1) for isolation of Legionella spp. after low pH treatment. In some negative samples, 3 ml of the sediments were inoculated to guinea pigs intraperitoneally and they were sacrificed four days later. The peritoneal swab and homogenate of spleen were inoculated to B-CYE agar, Each 200 g of soil was suspended in 400 ml of distilled water with 0.5% of Tween 60 far 20 min. The supernatant was centrifuged at 1,000 rpm for 10 min., and again the supernatant was centrifuged at 3,000 rpm for 10 min. The sediment were obtained and used for isolation of Legionella spp

Helmholtz: A Verifier for Tezos Smart Contracts Based on Refinement Types

27th International Conference, TACAS 2021, Held as Part of the European Joint Conferences on Theory and Practice of Software, ETAPS 2021, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg, March 27 - April 1, 2021Part of the Lecture Notes in Computer Science book series (LNTCS, volume 12652)A smart contract is a program executed on a blockchain, based on which many cryptocurrencies are implemented, and is being used for automating transactions. Due to the large amount of money that smart contracts deal with, there is a surging demand for a method that can statically and formally verify them. This tool paper describes our type-based static verification tool HELMHOLTZ for Michelson, which is a statically typed stack-based language for writing smart contracts that are executed on the blockchain platform Tezos. HELMHOLTZ is designed on top of our extension of Michelson’s type system with refinement types. HELMHOLTZ takes a Michelson program annotated with a user-defined specification written in the form of a refinement type as input; it then typechecks the program against the specification based on the refinement type system, discharging the generated verification conditions with the SMT solver Z3. We briefly introduce our refinement type system for the core calculus Mini-Michelson of Michelson, which incorporates the characteristic features such as compound datatypes (e.g., lists and pairs), higher-order functions, and invocation of another contract. HELMHOLTZ successfully verifies several practical Michelson programs, including one that transfers money to an account and that checks a digital signature

Helmholtz: A Verifier for Tezos Smart Contracts Based on Refinement Types

A smart contract is a program executed on a blockchain, based on which many cryptocurrencies are implemented, and is being used for automating transactions. Due to the large amount of money that smart contracts deal with, there is a surging demand for a method that can statically and formally verify them. This article describes our type-based static verification tool HELMHOLTZ for Michelson, which is a statically typed stack-based language for writing smart contracts that are executed on the blockchain platform Tezos. HELMHOLTZ is designed on top of our extension of Michelson’s type system with refinement types. HELMHOLTZ takes a Michelson program annotated with a user-defined specification written in the form of a refinement type as input; it then typechecks the program against the specification based on the refinement type system, discharging the generated verification conditions with the SMT solver Z3. We briefly introduce our refinement type system for the core calculus Mini-Michelson of Michelson, which incorporates the characteristic features such as compound datatypes (e.g., lists and pairs), higher-order functions, and invocation of another contract. HELMHOLTZ successfully verifies several practical Michelson programs, including one that transfers money to an account and that checks a digital signature

KUS121 attenuates the progression of monosodium iodoacetate-induced osteoarthritis in rats

Currently there is no effective treatment available for osteoarthritis (OA). We have recently developed Kyoto University Substances (KUSs), ATPase inhibitors specific for valosin-containing protein (VCP), as a novel class of medicine for cellular protection. KUSs suppressed intracellular ATP depletion, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and cell death. In this study, we investigated the effects of KUS121 on chondrocyte cell death. In cultured chondrocytes differentiated from ATDC5 cells, KUS121 suppressed the decline in ATP levels and apoptotic cell death under stress conditions induced by TNFα. KUS121 ameliorated TNFα-induced reduction of gene expression in chondrocytes, such as Sox9 and Col2α. KUS121 also suppressed ER stress and cell death in chondrocytes under tunicamycin load. Furthermore, intraperitoneal administration of KUS121 in vivo suppressed chondrocyte loss and proteoglycan reduction in knee joints of a monosodium iodoacetate-induced OA rat model. Moreover, intra-articular administration of KUS121 more prominently reduced the apoptosis of the affected chondrocytes. These results demonstrate that KUS121 protects chondrocytes from stress-induced cell death in vitro and in vivo, and indicate that KUS121 is a promising novel therapeutic agent to prevent the progression of OA

Treatment Outcomes of Pulmonary Metastases from Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Although the lung is the most common site of distant metastases from head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), the number of reports about the effects of pulmonary metastasectomy for the treatment of lung metastasis from HNSCC is limited. Metachronous pulmonary metastases were detected in 45 HNSCC patients at Kumamoto University Hospital from 1998 to 2018. Twenty-two patients underwent an operative resection (Ope group) and 23 underwent chemotherapy (Chemo group). The 3-year overall survival (OS) rate and median OS were evaluated. The effects of adjuvant chemotherapy after pulmonary metastasectomy and of new drugs (cetuximab and nivolumab), in the chemo group were also assessed. The 3-year OS rates and median OS were: Ope, 66.1% and 31.5 months; Chemo, 39.7% and 18 months, respectively. In the Ope group, addi-tional recurrences were significantly fewer in the patients who underwent adjuvant chemotherapy post-surgery versus the patients who underwent surgery alone (p = 0.013). In the Chemo group, the 3-year OS rate of the patients who received new drugs was significantly better than that of the patients who did not (p = 0.021). Adjuvant chemotherapy after pulmonary metastasectomy may be a preferable treatment option for preventing recurrences. Cetuximab and nivolumab have a potential to improve OS