436 research outputs found
Influential information and factors for social acceptance of CCS: The 2nd round survey of public opinion in Japan
AbstractA public survey was conducted concerning carbon capture and storage technology (CCS) in the months of February and April 2007 in Japan, Previously another CCS survey took place in December 2003, and a set of the questions asked in the 2007 survey were purposely the same as that used in the 2003 survey, Japanese adults were randomly selected to answer a questionnaire either in printed format or in online format. Several versions of the questionnaire were used, and each contained a different educational part, imparting relevant CCS information. 334 people successfully responded to our paper survey in Tokyo and Sapporo while 2156 people completed our online survey across the nation. The questionnaire for the survey contained 5 sets of different information package on CCS and questions asking pros and cons on CCS implementation to analyze influence of information provided on CCS.Based on the results of survey we found: that not many people still know about CCS. Those who have knowledge on CCS show a preference for CCS implementation, however; preference was decreased after obtaining information which we considered was neutral on CCS. These results suggest a possibility that information on negative aspects of CCS (risks, etc.) would not be well known in the general public. We also found that preference for CSS decreased slightly after providing different information on CCS to respondents in the group with the newspaper articles which we considered neutral in comparison with other groups. The newspaper articles contained the information on negative opinions against CCS besides risk-related information as well as information based on an IPCC Special Report: it is assumed that such negative opinions may have influenced opinion formation of respondents. Since CCS is new technology, information about how other people or entities evaluate CCS would influence public opinion. In the sub-sample provided with industrial and natural analogues of preference on geological storage, the views were slightly more positive about CSS in comparison with reported opinions of other groups. This implies information on natural or industrial analogue would help manage perception of risk in a positive way.The result of path analysis to data of a public survey identified four factors, (1) risks and leakage, (2) effectiveness of CCS, (3) responsibility, and (4) fossil fuel use. We found that the factor of understanding the effectiveness of CCS is most positively influential for general acceptance of CCS. I Implementation of geological storage and the factor of risks and leakage become much more influential negatively in the implementation of geological storage compared to general acceptance of CCS, implying that implementation of CC2 geological storage also needs careful communication of risk
A study on the mechanism of ZEITLUPE regulated hypocotyl elongation in Arabidopsis thaliana
ïŒåºè«ïŒæ€ç©ã®å
圢æ
圢æåå¿ã¯ãå
æ
å ±ãå
å容äœã«ãã£ãŠåãåããããã®æ
å ±ãååŠæ
å ±ã«å€æãããŠçŽ°èå
ã«äŒããããããšã§èªèµ·ããããæ€ç©ã®å
å容äœã«ã¯ãäž»ã«èµ€è²å
ãé èµ€è²å
ã®å容ã«é¢äžãããã£ãã¯ãã ãéè²å
ã®å容ã«é¢äžããã¯ãªããã¯ãã ããã©ããããã³ãZTL (ZEITLUPE) / LKP2 (LOV KELCH PROTEIN 2) / FKF1 (FLAVIN-BINDING, KELCH REPEAT, F-BOX 1) ãã¡ããªãŒã¿ã³ãã¯è³ªãªã©ãããã ã·ãã€ãããºãã®ZTLãLKP2ãFKF1ã¯ãLOVãã¡ã€ã³ãKelchãªããŒããF-box ã¢ããŒãã®ïŒã€ã®æ©èœé åãæããéè²å
åå®¹äœ (å³1) ã§ãSCFè€åäœ (Skp1, Cullin1, F-box containing complex) ã®æ§æèŠçŽ ãšããŠã¯ããããæšçã¿ã³ãã¯è³ªã®éè²å
ã«äŸåãããŠãããã³åã«é¢äžãããšãããŠãããïŒå³1ïŒãZTL/LKP2/FKF1 ãã¡ããªãŒã¿ã³ãã¯è³ªã®æ§é ZTLã¯è軞䌞é·å¶åŸ¡ã«é¢äžããããšãå ±åãããŠãããZTLéå°çºçŸäœã¯é£ç¶ææ¡ä»¶äžã§é·è軞ãšãªã(Nelson et al. 2000)ãT-DNAæ¿å
¥ã«ããæ©èœãæ¬ æããå€ç°äœ (ztlå€ç°äœ) ã¯çè軞ãšãªã(Miyazaki et al. 2015)ãããããZTLãã©ã®ããã«ããŠè軞é·ãå¶åŸ¡ããŠããã®ãã¯ãŸã æããã«ãããŠããªãéšåãå€ããæ¬ç 究ã§ã¯ãZTLã«ããè軞䌞é·å¶åŸ¡æ©æ§ãæããã«ããããšãç®çã«å®éšãè¡ã£ããïŒçµæã»èå¯1ããZTLéå°çºçŸäœã®éºäŒåçºçŸè§£æïŒ22âã»é£ç¶çœè²å
äžã§8æ¥éè²ãŠãéçåãšZTLéå°çºçŸäœã®å®çããåé¢ããRNAãçšããŠDNAãã€ã¯ãã¢ã¬ã€è§£æãè¡ããéçåãšZTLéå°çºçŸäœã®éºäŒåçºçŸã«ã€ããŠç¶²çŸ
çã«èª¿ã¹ããZTLéå°çºçŸäœã®2ã€ã®ã©ã€ã³ã§å
±éããŠéçåãããçºçŸéã2å以äžã«å¢å ããŠããéºäŒåã¯106åããã1/2以äžã«æžå°ããŠããéºäŒåã¯146åãã£ãããããã®éºäŒåãã¯ã©ã¹ã¿ãªã³ã°è§£æãããšãéå°çºçŸäœã§çºçŸéãå¢å ããŠããéºäŒåã®äžã«ã¯ããªãŒãã·ã³å¿çæ§ã®éºäŒåã20åå«ãŸããŠããã3ã€ã®ãªãŒãã·ã³å¿çæ§ã®éºäŒå (SAUR22, SAUR23, IAA29 ) ã«ã€ããŠqRT-PCRã§è§£æããçµæãäœããéçåãããéå°çºçŸäœã®è軞ã§çºçŸéãææã«å¢å ããŠããããšãããã£ãããããã®ããšãããéå°çºçŸäœã®è軞ã§ã¯ããªãŒãã·ã³å«éãå¢å ããŠãããããªãŒãã·ã³ã«å¯Ÿããæåæ§ãå¢å ããŠããããšã瀺åãããããŸãããªãŒãã·ã³ã®æ¥µæ§èŒžéãé»å®³ããN-1-naphthylphthalamic acid (NPA)ããªãŒãã·ã³ã¢ã³ã¿ãŽãã¹ãã®Î±-(phenyl ethyl-2-one)-indole-3-acetic acid (PEO-IAA)ããªãŒãã·ã³åæé»å®³å€YucasinãåŠçãè軞é·ã枬å®ããçµæããããã®é»å®³å€ã§ãZTLéå°çºçŸäœãšéçåã®è軞é·ã®ææãªå·®ããªããªã£ããé»å®³å€ãçšããå®éšã«ãã£ãŠãZTLã«ããè軞䌞é·å¶åŸ¡ãžã®ãªãŒãã·ã³ã®é¢äžã確ããããããïŒçµæã»èå¯2ãztlå€ç°äœã®éºäŒåçºçŸè§£æïŒéçåãšztlå€ç°äœã®è軞é·ã®å·®ã¯ã22âããã28âã§é¡èã«ãªã (Miyazaki et al. 2015)ãããã§ã28âã»é£ç¶çœè²å
äžã§8æ¥éè²ãŠãéçåãšztlå€ç°äœã®å®çãçšããŠãDNAãã€ã¯ãã¢ã¬ã€è§£æãè¡ã£ãã2ã€ã®ztlå€ç°äœã§å
±éããŠéçåãããçºçŸéã2å以äžã«å¢å ããŠããéºäŒåã¯133åããã1/2以äžã«æžå°ããŠããéºäŒåã¯199åãã£ãããããã®éºäŒåãã¯ã©ã¹ã¿ãªã³ã°è§£æãããšãztlå€ç°äœã§çºçŸãæžå°ããŠããéºäŒåã®äžã«ã¯ããªãŒãã·ã³å¿çæ§ã®éºäŒåã16åå«ãŸããŠããããããã®ãªãŒãã·ã³å¿çæ§ã®éºäŒåã®äžã®3〠(SAUR22, SAUR23, IAA29 ) ã«ã€ããŠqRT-PCRã§è§£æããäœããéçåãããztlå€ç°äœã®è軞ã§çºçŸéãææã«æžå°ããŠããããšãåãã£ãããŸããztlå€ç°äœã§ã3çš®é¡ã®ãªãŒãã·ã³é»å®³å€ãå ããå Žåã®è軞é·ã調ã¹ããããã®åŠçåºã§ãztlå€ç°äœãšéçåã®è軞é·ã«ææãªå·®ãèªããããªãã£ãããšãããZTLã«ããè軞䌞é·å¶åŸ¡ãžã®ãªãŒãã·ã³ã®é¢äžãè£ä»ãããããïŒçµæã»èå¯3ãztlå€ç°äœã®éšäœå¥éºäŒåçºçŸè§£æã¬ããŒã¿ãŒéºäŒåãçšãã解æåã³éºäŒåŠç解æïŒãªãŒãã·ã³ã¯ç¹å®ã®å Žæã§åæãããåæããããªãŒãã·ã³ã¯æ¥µæ§èŒžéã«ãã£ãŠäœçšéšäœãžéã°ããããšãç¥ãããŠãã (Keuskamp et al. 2010; Kohnen et al. 2016)ãå®çã®å€§éšåã¯åèã§ããããããããŸã§ã®ãã€ã¯ãã¢ã¬ã€è§£æã§ã¯ãäž»ã«åèã§çºçŸãå€åããéºäŒåã«æ³šç®ããŠããå¯èœæ§ããããããã§ãè軞ã§ã®éºäŒåçºçŸã詳现ã«èª¿ã¹ããããå®çãè軞ãšè軞ããäžéšã«ãããŠãã€ã¯ãã¢ã¬ã€è§£æãè¡ã£ããè軞ã®ãã€ã¯ãã¢ã¬ã€è§£æã«ãããŠã2ã€ã®ztlå€ç°äœã§å
±éããŠéçåãããçºçŸéã2å以äžã«å¢å ããŠããéºäŒåã¯638åããã1/2以äžã«æžå°ããŠããéºäŒåã¯1062åãã£ãããããã®éºäŒåãã¯ã©ã¹ã¿ãªã³ã°è§£æãããšãztlå€ç°äœã§çºçŸéãæžå°ããŠããæãææãªã¯ã©ã¹ã¿ãŒã¯çŽ°èå£ä¿®é£Ÿã«é¢ãããã®ã§14åã®éºäŒåãå«ãŸããŠãããããããå®çã®ã¯ã©ã¹ã¿ãªã³ã°è§£æã§äžäœã«ã¿ããããªãŒãã·ã³å¿çæ§éºäŒåããè軞ã®ã¯ã©ã¹ã¿ãªã³ã°è§£æã§ã¯ã¿ãããªãã£ããäžæ¹ãè軞ããäžéšã®ãã€ã¯ãã¢ã¬ã€è§£æã§ã¯ã2ã€ã®ztlå€ç°äœã§å
±éããŠéçåãããçºçŸéã2å以äžã«å¢å ããŠããéºäŒåã¯469åããã1/2以äžã«æžå°ããŠããéºäŒåã¯1038 åãã£ãããããã®éºäŒåãã¯ã©ã¹ã¿ãªã³ã°è§£æãããšãztlå€ç°äœã§çºçŸéãæžå°ããŠããæãææãªã¯ã©ã¹ã¿ãŒã¯ãâResponse to endogenous stimulusâ ã§ããã61åã®éºäŒåãå«ãŸããŠããããããã®éºäŒåã®äžã«ã¯ã16åã®SAURãš7åã®AUX/IAAãå«ãŸããŠãããç¶ããŠã2çªç®ã«ææã§ãã£ãã¯ã©ã¹ã¿ãŒã¯ã転åå åéºäŒåPIF4, PIF5ãå«ãŸããŠãããPIF4, PIF5ã¯ããªãŒãã·ã³åæé
µçŽ éºäŒåYUC8ã®è»¢åãä¿é²ããããšãç¥ãããŠãã (Franklin et al. 2011; Sun et al. 2012; Hornitshek et al. 2012)ãããã§ããªãŒãã·ã³åæé
µçŽ éºäŒåã«æ³šç®ãããšãè軞ããäžéšã§ã¯ãTAR3, YUC3, YUC8, YUC9 ã®çºçŸéãéçåããã2ã€ã®å€ç°äœã§1/2以äžã«æžå°ããŠããããšãåãã£ãã次ã«ãªãŒãã·ã³åæé
µçŽ éºäŒåããªãŒãã·ã³å¿çæ§éºäŒåã®çºçŸéããztlå€ç°äœã«ãããŠæžå°ããŠããããšããããããã®ããã¢ãŒã¿ãŒæŽ»æ§ãäœäžããŠããå¯èœæ§ãèãã2çš®é¡ã®ã¬ããŒã¿ãŒéºäŒå (pYUC8:GUS, pDR5:GUS ïŒãçšããŠæ€èšŒããããã®çµæãã©ã¡ãã®ã¬ããŒã¿ãŒéºäŒåã§ãGUSéºäŒåçºçŸãããã³GUS掻æ§ã¯éçåãããztlå€ç°äœã§äœäžããŠããããŸãéçåèæ¯ã®pYUC8:GUSã¯åèã®å
端ã§ãpDR5:GUSã¯èãšè軞ã§GUSã®æè²ãèŠããããããããã®æè²ã¯ztlå€ç°äœã§ã¯ã¿ãããªãã£ãããããã®ããšãããztlå€ç°äœã§ã¯ãªãŒãã·ã³åæé
µçŽ éºäŒåãšãªãŒãã·ã³å¿çæ§éºäŒåã®ããã¢ãŒã¿ãŒæŽ»æ§ãäœäžããŠããããšã瀺åããããç¶ããŠãztlå€ç°äœã«ããããªãŒãã·ã³å¿çæ§éºäŒåã®çºçŸãç¶æçã«èª¿ã¹ãããpIAA19:ELuc-PESTãçšããå®éšãè¡ã£ããéçåãšztlå€ç°äœãšã®éã§ãã«ã·ãã§ã©ãŒãŒæŽ»æ§ã®åšæã«ææãªå·®ã¯ã¿ãããªãã£ãããæ¯å¹
åã³ããŒã¯å€ã¯äžè²«ããŠztlå€ç°äœã§æžå°ããŠãããåŸã£ãŠZTLã¯ãªãŒãã·ã³å¿çæ§éºäŒåã®çºçŸåšæã§ã¯ãªãçºçŸéã«åœ±é¿ãäžããããšã瀺åãããããã€ã¯ãã¢ã¬ã€è§£æãã¬ããŒã¿ãŒéºäŒåãçšããå®éšã«ãããZTLã®äžæµã§PIFãYUCãåããŠããããšã瀺åãããã®ã§ããããã®éºäŒåŠçãªäžäžé¢ä¿ã調ã¹ããztlå€ç°äœèæ¯ã®PIF4éå°çºçŸäœãYUC8éå°çºçŸäœ (ztl PIF4 ox, ztl YUC8 ox ) ã®è軞é·ã¯ã28âã»é£ç¶çœè²å
äžã§ããããéçåèæ¯ã®PIF4éå°çºçŸäœãYUC8éå°çºçŸäœãšåçšåºŠãŸã§é·è軞ã瀺ããããã®ããšã¯ãZTLã®äžæµã§PIF4ãYUC8ãåããŠããããšã瀺ããŠãããäžæ¹PIF4ã®äžæµã«ã¯ãèµ€è²å
å容äœphyBãååšããPIF4, PIF5ã®å解ãä¿é²ããããšãç¥ãããŠãã (Lorrain et al. 2008)ãZTLãphyBãPIF4ã®äžæµã«ååšããã®ã§ãZTLãšphyBãšã®é¢ä¿æ§ã調ã¹ãããã«ztl phyb ãäœåºããè軞é·ã枬å®ããããã®çµæã28âã»é£ç¶çœè²å
äžã§ztl phybã¯phybå€ç°äœãšåçšåºŠãŸã§é·è軞ã瀺ããããã®ããšãããZTLã«ããè軞䌞é·å¶åŸ¡ãžã®phyBã®é¢äžã瀺ããããïŒãŸãšãïŒãããã®çµæããŸãšãããšãZTLã¯ãè軞ããäžéšã«ãããŠPIF4, PIF5ã®çºçŸäžæãä¿ããPIF4, PIF5 ãYUC8 çã®ãªãŒãã·ã³åæé
µçŽ éºäŒåã®çºçŸãäžæãããããšã§ããªãŒãã·ã³åæã掻æ§åããããåèã§äœããããªãŒãã·ã³ã¯ã極æ§èŒžéã«ãã£ãŠè軞ã«æµããè軞ã§çŽ°èå£ã®äŒžå±ãèªå°ããé
µçŽ EXP8 çã®çºçŸäžæãä¿ããè軞䌞é·ãä¿é²ãããšããã¢ãã«ãèãããã (å³2)ãåŠç¿é¢å€§åŠGakushuin Universit
Fibronectin-β1 Integrin Interaction in Teeth
The dental epithelium and extracellular matrix interact to ensure that cell growth and differentiation lead to the formation of teeth of appropriate size and quality. To determine the role of fibronectin in differentiation of the dental epithelium and tooth formation, we analyzed its expression in developing incisors. Fibronectin mRNA was expressed during the presecretory stage in developing dental epithelium, decreased in the secretory and early maturation stages, and then reappeared during the late maturation stage. The binding of dental epithelial cells derived from postnatal day-1 molars to a fibronectin-coated dish was inhibited by the RGD but not RAD peptide, and by a β1 integrin-neutralizing antibody, suggesting that fibronectin-β1 integrin interactions contribute to dental epithelial-cell binding. Because fibronectin and β1 integrin are highly expressed in the dental mesenchyme, it is difficult to determine precisely how their interactions influence dental epithelial differentiation in vivo. Therefore, we analyzed β1 integrin conditional knockout mice (Intβ1lox-/lox-/K14-Cre) and found that they exhibited partial enamel hypoplasia, and delayed eruption of molars and differentiation of ameloblasts, but not of odontoblasts. Furthermore, a cyst-like structure was observed during late ameloblast maturation. Dental epithelial cells from knockout mice did not bind to fibronectin, and induction of ameloblastin expression in these cells by neurotrophic factor-4 was inhibited by treatment with RGD peptide or a fibronectin siRNA, suggesting that the epithelial interaction between fibronectin and β1 integrin is important for ameloblast differentiation and enamel formation
Development of an Okinawa panel for biogeographic inference of Okinawans
BACKGROUND: The Precision ID Ancestry Panel with 165 SNP markers was unable to differentiate between mainland Japanese and Okinawa Japanese or to distinguish either of them from other East Asian populations.AIM: An Okinawa panel was developed with the aim of further separating Okinawa Japanese individuals from mainland Japanese and other Asian groups. Seventy-five SNPs were selected using the most informative markers from the literature. Further, 22 SNPs were selected to separate Okinawa Japanese at minimum SNPs.SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Samples were collected from 48 unrelated individuals from mainland Japan and 46 unrelated residents of the Okinawa prefecture. Data were evaluated by STRUCTURE, principal component, and GenoGeographer analyses.RESULTS: The 22 SNP set had similar levels of differentiation in STRUCTURE and PCA analyses as the 75 SNP set. GenoGeographer analysis showed that, out of the 46 Okinawa Japanese individuals, the 75 SNP and 22 SNP sets correctly assigned the Okinawan population as the most likely population of origin for 32 and 31 individuals, respectively.CONCLUSION: Neither SNP set could completely differentiate between Okinawa Japanese and other Asian groups, however, these sets should be useful for crime investigation, when the sample, cost and time are limited.</p
Coco-Nut: Corpus of Japanese Utterance and Voice Characteristics Description for Prompt-based Control
In text-to-speech, controlling voice characteristics is important in
achieving various-purpose speech synthesis. Considering the success of
text-conditioned generation, such as text-to-image, free-form text instruction
should be useful for intuitive and complicated control of voice
characteristics. A sufficiently large corpus of high-quality and diverse voice
samples with corresponding free-form descriptions can advance such control
research. However, neither an open corpus nor a scalable method is currently
available. To this end, we develop Coco-Nut, a new corpus including diverse
Japanese utterances, along with text transcriptions and free-form voice
characteristics descriptions. Our methodology to construct this corpus consists
of 1) automatic collection of voice-related audio data from the Internet, 2)
quality assurance, and 3) manual annotation using crowdsourcing. Additionally,
we benchmark our corpus on the prompt embedding model trained by contrastive
speech-text learning.Comment: Submitted to ASRU202
Three-dimensional visualization of thoracodorsal artery perforators using photoacoustic imaging
Introduction: Diagnostic imaging modalities to evaluate the three-dimensional distribution of thoracodorsal artery perforators (TDAPs) are lacking. In this study, TDAPs were visualized and characterized using photoacoustic imaging. Material and methods: In this study, 34 sites in the lateral chest wall of 18 individuals were analyzed. The region extending 5 cm ventral and 5 cm dorsal to the lateral edge of the latissimus dorsi (LD) and 5â15 cm from the posterior axillary fold was scanned using photoacoustic imaging. The largest perforator closest to the edge of the LD was characterized. The location of the stem portion and the orientation of the longest cutaneous branch of the perforator were described. The relationship between the maximal depth of delineation on photoacoustic images and the depth of the deep fascia was assessed. Results: On average, 2.6 perforators (range, 1â5 perforators) were visualized in the region of interest. The distribution of the TDAP stem portion was similar to that in previous studies. Cutaneous branches were preferentially oriented in a medial-caudal direction. The length of delineated cutaneous branches varied (range, 7â78 mm) depending on the thickness of the subcutaneous layer. Vessels under the LD were observed when the subcutaneous layer was thin. Conclusion: Photoacoustic imaging can successfully visualize TDAPs in three dimensions. Visualization of TDAPs varied by the thickness of the subcutaneous layer. A thin deep fascia of the LD might be a cause of deep laser penetration
- âŠ