Growth-rate-dependent and nutrient-specific gene expression resource allocation in fission yeast

Cellular resources are limited and their relative allocation to gene expression programmes determines physiological states and global properties such as the growth rate. Here, we determined the importance of the growth rate in explaining relative changes in protein and mRNA levels in the simple eukaryote Schizosaccharomyces pombe grown on non-limiting nitrogen sources. Although expression of half of fission yeast genes was significantly correlated with the growth rate, this came alongside wide-spread nutrient-specific regulation. Proteome and transcriptome often showed coordinated regulation but with notable exceptions, such as metabolic enzymes. Genes positively correlated with growth rate participated in every level of protein production apart from RNA polymerase II-dependent transcription. Negatively correlated genes belonged mainly to the environmental stress response programme. Critically, metabolic enzymes, which represent ∼55-70% of the proteome by mass, showed mostly condition-specific regulation. In summary, we provide a rich account of resource allocation to gene expression in a simple eukaryote, advancing our basic understanding of the interplay between growth-rate-dependent and nutrient-specific gene expression

Characterization of Leishmania donovani Aquaporins Shows Presence of Subcellular Aquaporins Similar to Tonoplast Intrinsic Proteins of Plants

Leishmania donovani, a protozoan parasite, resides in the macrophages of the mammalian host. The aquaporin family of proteins form important components of the parasite-host interface. The parasite-host interface could be a potential target for chemotherapy. Analysis of L. major and L. infantum genomes showed the presence of five aquaporins (AQPs) annotated as AQP9 (230aa), AQP putative (294aa), AQP-like protein (279aa), AQP1 (314aa) and AQP-like protein (596aa). We report here the structural modeling, localization and functional characterization of the AQPs from L. donovani. LdAQP1, LdAQP9, LdAQP2860 and LdAQP2870 have the canonical NPA-NPA motifs, whereas LdAQP putative has a non-canonical NPM-NPA motif. In the carboxyl terminal to the second NPA box of all AQPs except AQP1, a valine/alanine residue was found instead of the arginine. In that respect these four AQPs are similar to tonoplast intrinsic proteins in plants, which are localized to intracellular organelles. Confocal microscopy of L. donovani expressing GFP-tagged AQPs showed an intracellular localization of LdAQP9 and LdAQP2870. Real-time PCR assays showed expression of all aquaporins except LdAQP2860, whose level was undetectable. Three-dimensional homology modeling of the AQPs showed that LdAQP1 structure bears greater topological similarity to the aquaglyceroporin than to aquaporin of E. coli. The pore of LdAQP1 was very different from the rest in shape and size. The cavity of LdAQP2860 was highly irregular and undefined in geometry. For functional characterization, four AQP proteins were heterologously expressed in yeast. In the fps1Δ yeast cells, which lacked the key aquaglyceroporin, LdAQP1 alone displayed an osmosensitive phenotype indicating glycerol transport activity. However, expression of LdAQP1 and LdAQP putative in a yeast gpd1Δ strain, deleted for glycerol production, conferred osmosensitive phenotype indicating water transport activity or aquaporin function. Our analysis for the first time shows the presence of subcellular aquaporins and provides structural and functional characterization of aquaporins in Leishmania donovani

Infection à Lactobacillus rhamnosus et pancréatite (2 cas)

Les infections à lactobacillus rhamnosus sont rares et surviennent chez des patients atteints d'affections sévères responsables d'immunosupression , et ou ayant bénéficié d'un lourd traitement antibiotique dont teicoplanine et vancomycine ; nous rapportons deux cas, survenus dans un intervalle de 48H, au décours de pancréatites chez deux femmes de 35 et 70 ans, hospitalisées dans le même service. Plusieurs critères orientent vers deux infections indépendantes cependant la rareté et la chronologie d'apparition de ces infections font poser la question d'une éventuelle contamination croisée. Le lactobacillus rhamnosus est isolé dans les prélèvements intra-abdominaux, pour les deux patientes, et hémocultures pour l'une d'entre elles. Ils sont monomicrobiens. La description de ces observations montre les limites de l'identification de souche lactobacillus rhamnosus par biologie moléculaire ne permettant pas de déterminer s'il s'agit d'un même clone ou de deux clones différents.ST ETIENNE-BU Médecine (422182102) / SudocSudocFranceF

Protein truncation test of LYST reveals heterogenous mutations in patients with Chediak-Higashi syndrome

Artículo Publicado en: BLOOD, 1 February 2000 * Volume 95, Number 3 © 2000 by The American Society of [email protected] monográfic

Curative high-dose reirradiation for patients with recurrent head and neck squamous cell carcinoma using IMRT or proton therapy: Outcomes and analysis of patterns of failure

International audiencePurpose: To analyze outcomes of patients treated with curative reirradiation (reRT), with intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) or proton therapy (PT) for recurrent head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Materials: Among the 55 patients reirradiated for head and neck cancer from 30/08/2012 to 08/04/2019, 23 had HNSCC and received IMRT (52.2%) or PT (47.8%) at a median maximum dose to the CTV of 66 Gy. Results: After a median follow-up of 41.3 months, 18 patients developed a locoregional recurrence (LR), of which eight (44.4%) occurred within the previously reirradiated volume. Two-year locoregional failure-free survival and overall survival were 18.3%[95%CI:7.1%-47.1%] and 42.5%[95%CI:26.2%-69.1%], respectively. Disease-free survival was significantly longer in the PT group (p = 0.031). Main late grade ≥2 toxicities were dysphagia and trismus. Conclusion: Curative reRT in HNSCC is possible for selected cases, but the LR rate in the irradiated field and the risk of toxicity grade ≥2 remain high

mamenoud/European_Methane_Isotope_Database

Stable isotope (13C and 2H) data of methane (CH4) emission sources. European Methane Isotope Database, based on measurements carried out during the MEMO2 project (https://h2020-memo2.eu) Methane Isotopic signatures from previous literature, reported by Sherwood et al. (2017, 2021), and in other literature sources. Sherwood, O.A., Schwietzke, S., Arling, V.A., Etiope, G., 2017. Global Inventory of Gas Geochemistry Data from Fossil Fuel, Microbial and Burning Sources, version 2017. Earth Syst. Sci. Data 9, 639–656. https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-9-639-2017 Sherwood, O.A., Schwietzke, S., Lan, X., 2021. Global δ13C-CH4 source signature inventory 2020. Available at: https://doi.org/10.15138/qn55-e01