A study on Morphological and Mechanical Characterization of Al-4032/SiC/GP Hybrid Composites

The pattern of metal matrix composites can be enhanced by integrating the concept of hybrid metal matrix composite to produce newer engineering materials with improved properties. The morphological and mechanical characteristics of Al-4032/SiC/GP hybrid composites have been investigated. The aluminium alloy (Al-4032) based hybrid composites have been fabricated through the bottom pouring stir casting set up, by reinforcing the silicon carbide (SiC) and granite powder ceramic particles as the reinforcement material at various fraction levels i.e. 0, 3, 6, 9 weight% in equal proportion. The reinforcement particle size is up to 54μm. The microstructural characterization of the hybrid composite samples has been carried out using an optical microscope, SEM, and XRD. The study reveals that the reinforcement hybrid particles (SiC + GP) are almost uniformly distributed throughout the matrix phase. The mechanical properties (tensile strength, impact strength, and microhardness) of the hybrid composite samples have been obtained and found to be better than the unreinforced alloy.

EVALUATION OF THE EFFECT OF YOGIC PRACTICES ON RAKTAGATA VATA (ESSENTIAL HYPERTENSION)

Objective: Essential hypertension is the most frequent kind of hypertension and also known as primary hypertension or idiopathic, affecting 95% of hypertensive patients. This study was conducted to see the effect of Yogic practices as Nadi Shodhana Pranayama (NSP = cleaning of subtle energy channel along with regulation of rhythm of breathing) and Dhyana (meditation) on the symptoms of Raktagata Vata (essential hypertension), blood pressure, and Hamilton's anxiety rating scale.Methods: This clinical study was conducted on 50 cases of Raktagata Vata, and these were randomly divided into two subgroups: (1) Control and (2) intervention consisting of 25 cases in each subgroup. Yogic practices were done regularly for 3 months by the registered cases in both subgroups. Light medication of first order initially was also prescribed to intervention subgroup.Result: In both subgroups, significant results (p<0.001) were observed and most of the symptoms of Raktagata Vata improved better in the intervention than control subgroup. Significant results (p<0.001) were also observed in blood pressure along with Hamilton's anxiety scale scoring.Conclusion: Yogic practices impact positive effects on Agya Chakra (hypothalamus-cerebral system), control autonomic nervous system and improve the quality of life of Raktagata Vata patients by improving symptoms and regulating the blood pressure

Bilobed gallbladder: a rare congenital anomaly of the biliary system

Duplication of the gallbladder is a rare congenital anomaly, which Boyden first illustrated in 1926. No additional risk of cholelithiasis or malignancy with this congenital anomaly was documented. However, this congenital anomaly is associated with more risk for complications during and after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. So, preoperative diagnosis is essential in identifying anatomical abnormalities to avoid biliary injuries at the time of surgery or the performance of an incomplete operation. The removal of an asymptomatic double gallbladder remains controversial. Here, we are reporting a case of the incidentally detected duplex gallbladder in a teenager and review the literature that will enrich the reader’s knowledge regarding this rare congenital anomaly

Synthesis, in vitro antimicrobial, anticancer evaluation and QSAR studies of N′-(substituted)-4-(butan-2-lideneamino)benzohydrazides

AbstractA series of N′-(substituted)-4-(butan-2-ylideneamino)benzohydrazides (1–21) was synthesized and characterized by physicochemical as well as spectral means. The synthesized compounds were screened for their in vitro antimicrobial and anticancer potentials. The synthesized compounds displayed higher antifungal potential as compared to antibacterial potential. Besides having good antifungal potential, the synthesized compounds were having appreciable anticancer potential and a number of compounds displayed higher anticancer potential than the standard drug, carboplatin. The results of QSAR studies demonstrated the importance of steric parameter, molar refractivity (MR), topological parameters, third order molecular connectivity index (3χ), Kier’s first order shape index (κ1) in describing the antimicrobial activity of N′-(substituted)-4-(butan-2-ylideneamino)benzohydrazides

Plasmodium falciparum PhIL1-associated complex plays an essential role in merozoite reorientation and invasion of host erythrocytes.

The human malaria parasite, Plasmodium falciparum possesses unique gliding machinery referred to as the glideosome that powers its entry into the insect and vertebrate hosts. Several parasite proteins including Photosensitized INA-labelled protein 1 (PhIL1) have been shown to associate with glideosome machinery. Here we describe a novel PhIL1 associated protein complex that co-exists with the glideosome motor complex in the inner membrane complex of the merozoite. Using an experimental genetics approach, we characterized the role(s) of three proteins associated with PhIL1: a glideosome associated protein- PfGAPM2, an IMC structural protein- PfALV5, and an uncharacterized protein-referred here as PfPhIP (PhIL1 Interacting Protein). Parasites lacking PfPhIP or PfGAPM2 were unable to invade host RBCs. Additionally, the downregulation of PfPhIP resulted in significant defects in merozoite segmentation. Furthermore, the PfPhIP and PfGAPM2 depleted parasites showed abrogation of reorientation/gliding. However, initial attachment with host RBCs was not affected in these parasites. Together, the data presented here show that proteins of the PhIL1-associated complex play an important role in the orientation of P. falciparum merozoites following initial attachment, which is crucial for the formation of a tight junction and hence invasion of host erythrocytes

Photosensitized INA-Labelled protein 1 (PhIL1) is novel component of the inner membrane complex and is required for Plasmodium parasite development.

Plasmodium parasites, the causative agents of malaria, possess a distinctive membranous structure of flattened alveolar vesicles supported by a proteinaceous network, and referred to as the inner membrane complex (IMC). The IMC has a role in actomyosin-mediated motility and host cell invasion. Here, we examine the location, protein interactome and function of PhIL1, an IMC-associated protein on the motile and invasive stages of both human and rodent parasites. We show that PhIL1 is located in the IMC in all three invasive (merozoite, ookinete-, and sporozoite) stages of development, as well as in the male gametocyte and locates both at the apical and basal ends of ookinete and sporozoite stages. Proteins interacting with PhIL1 were identified, showing that PhIL1 was bound to only some proteins present in the glideosome motor complex (GAP50, GAPM1-3) of both P. falciparum and P. berghei. Analysis of PhIL1 function using gene targeting approaches indicated that the protein is required for both asexual and sexual stages of development. In conclusion, we show that PhIL1 is required for development of all zoite stages of Plasmodium and it is part of a novel protein complex with an overall composition overlapping with but different to that of the glideosome

Management of fracture neck of femur in elderly patients with hemireplacement arthroplasty with austin moore prosthesis at tertiary care centre

Background: The incidence of fracture neck of femur in younger patients is very low and is associated mainly with high-energy trauma. The medical cost of these injuries, in the elderly age group, is higher compared to younger age group due to associated co-morbidities leading to an increased in-hospital stay and increased duration of post op care. Therefore, the present study has been taken up to evaluate the outcome of management of elderly geriatric individuals with Austin Moore prosthesis and the role of the prosthesis in present day orthopedic care in country in patients with multiple comorbidities and those who are home ambulant with limited activities at a large Orthopaedic centre. Materials & Methods: This is a descriptive study done on30 cases regarding intra-op complications and functional outcome in the elderly patients who have undergone hemiarthroplasty with Austin Moore prosthesis at Department of Orthopedics, Base Hospital Lucknow from July 2016 to Dec 2017 (18 months). Follow up of patients was done at 6 weeks, 12 weeks, 24 weeks and at one year following surgery and earlier in case of any complication. Functional Outcome was noted in terms of Modified Harris hip score at 6 weeks, 3 months and 6 months.&nbsp

Comparative analysis of Magnesium Sulphate Versus Clonidine as an Adjuvant to Epidural Bupivacaine 0.5% in Lower Abdominal and Lower Limb Surgeries

Introduction: A prospective, randomized, controlled clinical trial was carried out to evaluate the effects ofMagnesium sulphate as an adjuvant to epidural bupivacaine and compared with clonidine along with epidural bupivacaine.Aims and Objective: Main objective to evaluate the efficacy of epidural magnesium sulphate& clonidineused as an adjuvant to bupivacaine.Material and method: After approval from institutional ethical committee 60 patients undergoing lowerabdominal &lower limb surgeries selected and divided in 2 groups Clonidine group and Magnesium group and different parameters observed.Observation: Co-administration of inj. Magnesium sulphate 50 mg. or Clonidine 3μg/kg (150μg maximum) to epidural bupivacaine produced predictable rapid onset of surgical anaesthesia without significant side effects. Addition of clonidine to epidural bupivacaine produced prolonged duration of analgesia with mild sedation compared to magnesium sulphate.Conclusion: From the study it is suggested that magnesium sulphate can be a useful alternative as anadjuvant to epidural bupivacaine without any side effects