TRIZ: an alternate way to solve problem for student

Inventive problem solving is an alternative way of solving problem for student. 60 years ago, in 1956, Altshuller published a new, constructive and methodical approach ideas on problem solving to offer to the world. Even though TRIZ originally meant for fields of industry domains, it has solved problems in other field using some common principles. Thus, this methodology has spread to over 35 countries across the world. It is now being taught in several universities and it has been applied by a number of global organizations who have found it particularly useful to solve their problem. In 2017, KSSM curriculum has been revised to cope up this 21st century demand. This paper is a potentially useful for TRIZ beginner, as an alternative to solve problem comparable to common problem solving method. This paper also discussed the limitation of other common problem method which leads the advantages of using TRIZ

Chemical Enhanced Oil Recovery Using Ionic Liquid-Based Surfactants

Critical challenges have forced the oil industry to improve chemical enhanced oil recovery (CEOR) processes using more effective materials. In this regard, ionic liquid-based surfactants (IL-based surfactants) with noteworthy features such as good interfacial activity, recyclability, environmentally friendliness, and stability at high temperatures and salinity can be considered as a significant option. While IL-based surfactants have been of interest in various fields, their applications in CEOR have not been systematically reviewed. In this frame, this chapter overviews the performance of IL-based surfactants in different portions of oil production. For this purpose, a brief explanation of the characteristics of the IL-based surfactants and their applicability in CEOR is first provided. Then, the performance of the IL-based surfactants in surfactant flooding, micellar flooding, and wettability alteration are surveyed in detail. Also, the activity of IL-based surfactants in all three regions has been monitored with the effect of the chemical structure, as well as comparing the performance of different types of IL-based surfactants. Relevantly, a comparison with conventional surfactants is also included. The crucial challenges and possible directions for the use of IL-based surfactants and the conclusions are summarized in the final section

Organic Pollutants Removal from Petroleum Refinery Wastewater with Nanotitania Photocatalyst and UV Light Emission

A real petroleum refinery wastewater, containing a range of aliphatic and aromatic organic compounds, was treated using nanotitania particles, as the photocatalyst in UV/TiO2 process. Samples were collected from the inlet point of the biological treatment unit. A conic-shape, circulating, and upward mixing reactor, without dead zone, was employed. The light source was an immersed mercury UV lamp (400 W, 200–550 nm). Optimal suspended catalyst concentration, fluid pH, and temperature were obtained at amounts of near 100 mg·L−1, 3 and 45°C, respectively. A maximum reduction in chemical oxygen demand (COD) of more than 78% was achieved after about 120 min and, hence, 72% after only 90 min. Significant pollutant degradation was also relevant under other conditions. The identification analysis of the organic pollutants, provided by means of a GC/MS, equipped with headspace injection technique, showed that different petroleum compounds were degraded with high efficiencies

Accessing hotel responsiveness towards guest's email query: cases in Malaysia

Information Technology (IT) has given tremendous positive effects in hospitality industry. It’s the most powerful weapon for hoteliers in order to stay competitive nowadays. One of the examples of technology that hit the hospitality world is e-mail. This study focused on three to five star hotels listed by the Ministry of Culture, Arts & Tourism of Malaysia that provide e-mail as a medium of communication and internet activity for its online patrons. Actual e-mail was sent to hotels asking for room availability, special room rate and facilities at the hotel. The implementation of technology in relation to customer service which is guest’s e-mail queries still remains unknown although technology initiation can be considered successful among hotels in Malaysia. As hoteliers, do they answer the guest’s e-mail queries promptly, politely and professionally

Knowledge, attitudes and perceptions of nursing students regarding vaccines

Background: Final-year nursing students are actively involved in the delivery of public immunisation programmes as part of workplace-based learning, and require adequate knowledge, clinical skills, and attitudes regarding vaccines. This study investigated the knowledge, attitudes and perceptions regarding vaccines of final year nursing students at a South African University. Methods: This cross-sectional study, through the use of an online survey questionnaire, assessed the knowledge, attitudes and perceptions regarding vaccines and the Expanded Programme of Immunization of final-year nursing students registered at a South African University during the 2021–2022 academic year. Results: There were 68 participants enrolled in the study (85% response rate). Participants displayed good knowledge regarding vaccines (average score of 52.54/70 ± 5.01 standard deviation [s.d.]), and overall positive perceptions of their training on vaccines and its safety. Knowledge gaps were identified in the mechanisms through which vaccines confer immunity in the human body and the cold chain requirements for the storage of vaccines. Of concern was the prevalent misconception among 78% of participants that vaccines are not effective. Conclusion: The findings of this study indicate that final year nursing students at the University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa have good knowledge regarding vaccines. However, an improved understanding of the mechanism of vaccines will aid nursing students to confront and address misperceptions by clients thereby reducing improving vaccine uptake. Curriculum planners should also consider the inclusion of communication strategies to address vaccine hesitancy. Contribution: The study contributes to data on nurse education regarding vaccines in the African context, and identifies areas to improve vaccine uptake

TEORI PENYELESAIAN MASALAH INVENTIF (TRIZ) BAGI MATA PELAJARAN REKA BENTUK DAN TEKNOLOGI

The Standard Based Curriculum for Secondary School (KSSM) has been implemented in 2017 by replacing the Integrated Secondary School Curriculum (KBSM). One of the newly introduced subjects is Design and Technology (RBT) which emphasis on inventive problem-solving skills that to be learned by form 2 students by the year 2018. This paper focuses on the process of inventive problem solving that consists of four main phases based on the Theory of Inventive Problem Solving (TRIZ). TRIZ is widely applied in many fields and giant companies, from engineering to business and management. The four main phases of inventive problem solving in the context of RBT are: First phase, identifying the problem root cause (function analysis); Second phase, model of problem (physical contradiction); Third phase, selecting the solution tool (space or time separation method); and Fourth phase, model of solution (Inventive principles). It is hoped that this paper will help and give a holistic and analytic explanation for RBT teachers in Malaysia

Design and Technology Teacher in TVET: A View on Thinking Style and Inventive Problem-Solving Skill

Teachers play an important role to help student in solving problem in school and consequently preparing for their future career. Teachers can be the most important feature to expose thinking style in class. This is the implication of Technical and Vocational Education and Training programme which requires the students to be able to think creatively and critically in problem-solving. As inventive problem solving is known to be creative assessment methods for innovation, it is needed to guide Design and Technology teachers to expose the student new technique of solving a problem. This study attempts to investigate teachers’ perception of their thinking style and inventive problem-solving skill. The importance of thinking styles in inventive problem-solving skill and the factors contributing to the achievement to inventive problem solving are also discussed. Data were collected from 367 Design and Technology teachers across Malaysia. Data obtained were analyzed descriptively. This study confirmed that teachers know the role of thinking style in solving a problem. They also admit that inventive problem-solving skill is important but half of them still having problem to master the skills. Problem identification is claimed to be a vital process in solving a problem but yet, majority of them still facing problem in finding the root cause. As a counter-measures on this miss-alignment, modules are needed by teachers to help them integrating their thinking styles into teaching and learning in class. Module also acts as teaching aids for teachers in guiding them solving inventive problems