Analyse de la démarche Éthique en gestion

Cet article propose un état des lieux de la démarche éthique en gestion. Au-delà d’un discours normatif sur l’éthique et l’entreprise, il s’agit de mettre en évidence les raisons qui incitent les auteurs à intégrer la question de la délibération morale au cœur des préoccupations manageriales. Il s’agit également de repérer les différentes formes que revêt la démarche éthique en fonction des références philosophiques qui la sous-tendent. Le dernier objectif de cet article est de mettre en parallèle la question de la démarche éthique avec celle de la maturation morale.The purpose of this article is to state the situation of the ethical management. We want show why the authors refer to ethic in the management decisions in a company. We also want to identify the different ways that an ethical decision can have according to the philosophical theories taken as reference. The last subject of this article is to compare the ethical decision with the moral development

Ionic liquid crystals based on viologen dimers: tuning the mesomorphism by varying the conformational freedom of the ionic layer

We investigated the liquid crystal behaviour of newly synthesised bistriflimide salts of symmetric viologen dimers. A smectic A phase was observed for intermediate spacer lengths and for relatively long lateral alkyl chains. The systems were characterised by thermal analysis, polarised optical microscopy, X-ray scattering and solid-state NMR. An intermediate ordered smectic phase was also exhibited by the compounds (except for systems with very short lateral chains) consisting of molten layers of alkyl chains and partially ordered ionic layers. These results, relating to the mesomorphic behaviour of viologen salts, are qualitatively compared to those of the more common imidazolium salts, highlighting the importance of the conformational degrees of freedom of the anions and of the cationic core. It appears that fine tuning of the conformational degrees of freedom of the ionic layer is an important component of mesophase stabilisation

Analyse critique de l’ethique organisationnelle

Cet article propose une lecture critique de la notion d’éthique des affaires. Il s’agit de mieux cerner les problématiques qui sous-tendent cette notion aux multiples facettes. C’est en étudiant les discours concernant l’éthique organisationnelle et les critiques qui lui sont adressée qu’il est possible de souligner les différentes limites d’une approche trop souvent normative de l’éthique.The purpose of this article is to state the situation ‘of organizational ethic with a comparaison between the USA and the French. We want show how this ethic is used by the business and the limits of this approach. Today ils necessary to find a new solution at an old problem. Otherwise, organizational ethic is only a management instrument

The 125Te Chemical Shift of Diphenyl Ditelluride: Chasing Conformers over a Flat Energy Surface

The interest in diphenyl ditelluride (Ph2Te2) is related to its strict analogy to diphenyl diselenide (Ph2Se2), whose capacity to reduce organic peroxides is largely exploited in catalysis and green chemistry. Since the latter is also a promising candidate as an antioxidant drug and mimic of the ubiquitous enzyme glutathione peroxidase (GPx), the use of organotellurides in medicinal chemistry is gaining importance, despite the fact that tellurium has no recognized biological role and its toxicity must be cautiously pondered. Both Ph2Se2 and Ph2Te2 exhibit significant conformational freedom due to the softness of the inter-chalcogen and carbon\u2013chalcogen bonds, preventing the existence of a unique structure in solution. Therefore, the accurate calculation of the NMR chemical shifts of these flexible molecules is not trivial. In this study, a detailed structural analysis of Ph2Te2 is carried out using a computational approach combining classical molecular dynamics and relativistic density functional theory methods. The goal is to establish how structural changes affect the electronic structure of diphenyl ditelluride, particularly the 125Te chemical shift

De l’impossible coexistence ? De la nécessaire reconnaissance au fondement de la coexistence organisationnelle

Lu mode en gestion est généralement le reflet d’une pseudo réconciliation de l’économique et du social avec pour postulat une corrélation entre objectif de l’entreprise et objectif de l’individu. Or il s’agit là d’un cas particulier plutôt que la règle. Rares sont les situations où les objectifs personnels et organisationnels sont les mêmes. Très souvent le salarié doit tisser sa relation sur une trame d’entreprise rationnelle. La rationalité instrumentale qui se donne comme norme, parle du s..

La VAE comme espace transitionnel : enjeux et paradoxes

Cette contribution vise à mieux cerner les logiques d’engagement psychique des candidats dans une démarche de VAE. Le cadre théorique envisagé est celui de la psychanalyse. Sont mobilisés plus particulièrement les travaux de Winnicott portant sur les caractéristiques de l’objet transitionnel identifié par cet auteur, afin de décrire et mieux comprendre les logiques d’investissement des candidats dans le dispositif de la VAE. Cet article s’appuie sur une recherche qualitative menée pendant trois ans dans le cadre d’une pratique de la VAE au sein de deux universités. Afin de recueillir des données sur la manière dont les candidats s’impliquent, trente-cinq candidatures de demande de VAE ont été étudiées. Cette recherche a permis de construire un modèle pour penser la manière dont les candidats se positionnent face à la transitionnalité inhérente au dispositif de VAE.This contribution aims at understanding better what leads candidates to apply for an Accreditation of Prior Learning (APL) for work experience, that can count toward a qualification. The theoretical framework we have used here is that of psychoanalysis. We have used, more specifically, the ideas developed by Winnicot about the characteristics of what he calls 'transitional objects', in order to describe and understand what can lead people to apply for this accreditation. This article is based on a qualitative research carried out for three years within a process of accreditation implemented in two universities. With a view to gathering data about the involvement of these applicants, we have studied thirty-five applications. This research allowed us to develop a model to understand how applicants take a stand to face the inherently transitional aspect of this APL system.In diesem Beitrag soll die Logik des psychischen Einsatzes der Kandidaten bei dem Vorhaben, ihre erworbenen beruflichen Kompetenzen anerkennen zu lassen (VAE), erfasst werden. Theoretischer Rahmen ist dabei die Psychoanalyse. Herangezogen werden die Arbeiten von Winnicott über die Merkmale des Übergangsobjekts. Der Artikel ist auf eine qualitative Untersuchung gestützt, die über drei Jahre in zwei Universitäten durchgeführt wurde. Dabei wurden 35 VAE-Anträge untersucht. Mit dieser Untersuchung wurde es möglich, ein Modell zu konstruieren, um nachzuvollziehen, wie sich die Kandidaten gegenüber dem Übergangsphänomen positionieren, das dem VAE innewohnt.Esta contribución apunta a captar las lógicas de compromiso psíquico de los candidatos en un proceso de validación de la experiencia adquirida (VAE). El marco teórico es el del psicoanálisis. Se utilizan los trabajos de Winnicott sobre las características del objeto transicional. Este artículo se basa en una investigación cualitativa realizada durante tres años en dos universidades ; se estudiaron treinta y cinco demandas de VAE. Esta investigación permitió construir un modelo para pensar la manera en que los candidatos se posicionan frente a la transicionalidad inherente al dispositivo de VAE

New Sulfur-Containing Polyarsenicals from the New Caledonian Sponge Echinochalina bargibanti

Arsenicin A (C3H6As4O3) was isolated from the New Caledonian poecilosclerid sponge Echinochalina bargibanti, and described as the first natural organic polyarsenic compound. Further bioguided fractionation of the extracts of this sponge led us to isolate the first sulfur-containing organic polyarsenicals ever found in Nature. These metabolites, called arsenicin B and arsenicin C, are built on a noradamantane-type framework that is characterized by an unusual As-As bonding. Extensive NMR measurements, in combination with mass spectra, enabled the assignment of the structure for arsenicin B (C3H6As4S2) as 2. The scarcity of arsenicin C and its intrinsic chemical instability only allowed the collection of partial spectral data, which prevented the full structural definition. After the extensive computational testing of several putative structures, structure 3 was inferred for arsenicin C (C3H6As4OS) by comparing the experimental and density functional theory (DFT)-calculated H-1 and C-13 NMR spectra. Finally, the absolute configurations of 2 and 3 were determined with a combined use of experimental and time-dependent (TD)-DFT calculated electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectra and observed specific rotations. These findings pose great challenges for the investigation of the biosynthesis of these metabolites and the cycle of arsenic in Nature. Arsenicins B and C showed strong antimicrobial activities, especially against S. aureus, which is comparable to the reference compound gentamycin

Fully Atomistic Simulations of the Ionic Liquid Crystal [C16mim][NO3]: Orientational Order Parameters and Voids Distribution

We present a fully atomistic molecular dynamics simulation of the smectic phase of the ionic liquid crystal (ILC) 1-hexadecyl-3-methylimidazolium nitrate, [C16MIm][NO3]. We have characterized the structure of the phase by means of a set of radial distribution functions resolved along the director and in the plane of the smectic layers. The results obtained allow us to discuss the similarities in the microscopic structure of ionic liquids (ILs) and ILCs. In addition to this, we have calculated the orientational order parameters, S, of the methylene groups of the alkyl chain and compared them with the results obtained for phospholipidic membranes from 2H NMR experiments. We also discuss the orientational order parameters of the imidazolium ring. Finally, we analyze the distribution of voids in the ILC phase. We have found that voids of considerable volume to host a nonpolar gas, e.g. xenon, are localized in the hydrophobic layers and almost absent in the ionic layers

Les soubresauts du processus associatif dans la thérapie d’une famille en grande souffrance

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