Regeneration and Preliminary Characterization of Asian and African Okra (Abelmoschus spp.) Germplasm

The morphological variability of 56 okra (Abelmoschus spp.) Accessions was evaluated over two years (2008 and 2009). Ten (10) agromorphological characters were evaluated in the Sadoré station in Niger. The hierarchical ascendant classification (CAH) and the discriminant factor analysis (AFD) revealed four groups (GI, GII, GIII and GIV). The accessions in groups I and IV have high values of Lfm, Dfm, Height, and Nloc, Nepi and cons by low values. However, Flo or Fruct values are relatively higher in accessions of group III and IV than in accessions of group I. Similarly, accessions of group II have higher values in Flo and Fruct than group II. However, accessions of group II are much later in terms of which accessions in group I, which, in turn, have lower values in Flo and Fruct, so these are compared to those of Group II. The results show that the most discriminating variables that make it possible to describe Variability among the groups identified are the diameter of mature fruits (Dfm), Plant height (Height) and branch of plant number (Nbrch). The characters analyzed can thus constitute basic criteria to differentiate accessions from other regions of West Africa and serve for a study of variability between the remains of okra accessions collected in Niger. Opportunities for improvement can also be considered to identify varieties that have a high adaptive potential due to climate change

Résultats De 5ans De Thyroïdectomie Au Service D’orl Et Chirurgie Cervico-Faciale De l’Hôpital National De Niamey (Niger)

Purpose: To evaluate the results of thyroidectomy in the Oto-RhinoLaryngology and Neck Surgery office of the National Hospital of Niamey in Niger. Materials and methods: we analyzed the epidemiological aspects, the indications, the technics and the evolution of thyroidectomy through a retrospective and descriptive study conducted from January 2010 to December 2015. Results: Thyroidectomy represents 8, 51% (n = 236/2773) of the ENT operative activities and an average of 47.2 cases per year for 5 years. Among the patients, there were 15 men and 221 women, a sex ratio of 0.17. The mean age was 37.25 years (extreme 22 and 61 years). The operative indications are dominated by multinodular goiter euthyroid (43.22%), thyroid nodules (39.40%), hyperthyroidism (goiter and Basedow) and substernal goiters, respectively, representing 8.90% and 6.35%. The gestures performed were subtotal thyroidectomy in 56 cases (23.73%), complete thyroidectomy in 85 cases (36.02%) and lobo-isthmectomy in 95 cases (40.25%). The recurrent nerve was searched in 235 cases (99%) and found in 215 cases (91, 10%). It was found 1 case (0.42%) of splitting of the left nerve recurrent. 2 cases (0.84%) of immediate postoperative hemorrhage was recorded. Morbidity was 0.29% with 4 cases of definitive unilateral recurrent paralysis and 3 cases of transient hypoparathyroidism. No mortality was encountered. Conclusion: The thyroidectomy is a frequent intervention in the ENT and Neck Surgery office of the National Hospital of Niamey. Multinodular goiter remains the first surgical indication. Recurrent and hypoparathyroid morbidity was very low

Ileus Biliaire : A Propos D’un Cas Clinique

Introduction: Gallstone ileus is a rare mechanical occlusion. It is caused by the enclosure of biliary macro lithiasis in a portion of the digestive tract resulting from a digestive bile fistula. We report a clinical case to discuss therapeutic modalities through a review of the literature. Medical observation: We report the case of a 77-year-old patient who was hospitalized in the Nephrology department of the university hospital in Montpellier for functional kidney failure and dehydration from vomiting and diarrhea. The none-injected abdominal-pelvic CT scan showed a gallstone ileus with 5 enclaved duodenum, jejunum and ileum lithiasis resulting into a small bowel obstruction. There are no signs of acute cholecystitis. The management was simple by enterolithotomy surgery alone after fixing of hydro electrolyte imbalance. The after surgery sequence was simple. Conclusion: Gallstone ileus is a rare surgical condition. The high mortality rate in the management of this condition makes enterolithotomy the least invasive and recommended method

Indications et Resultats de la Thyroïdectomie dans les Hopitaux Saheliens, Experience des Services de Chirurgie Generale et Viscerale a Propos de 422 (Niger)

L’objectif de ce travail était de décrire les principales indications et résultats des thyroïdectomies dans deux hôpitaux de références du Niger. Patients/Méthodes : Nous avions réalisé une étude rétrospective et prospective sur 5 ans et 6 mois dans les services de chirurgie générale et digestive de l’HGR et HNN. Elle concernait les patients des deux sexes et sans limite d’âge ayant bénéficiés d’une chirurgie pour pathologie thyroïdienne pendant la période d’étude. Résultats : une fréquence de thyroïdectomie de 4,18% était retrouvée soit chez 422 patients. Le sexe féminin prédominait avec un sexe ratio de 0,12. La tranche d’âge de 32 à 47 ans était la plus concernée (45,8%) avec un âge moyen de 44,3 ans. Le goitre hétéro-multinodulaire constituait la principale indication de la thyroïdectomie (50,10%). 85,16 % des patients avaient consulté pour une tuméfaction cervicale antérieure. L’échographie avait montré une thyroïde hétérogène dans 236 cas (64,69%.). Le principal acte chirurgical était la thyroïdectomie totale avec 308 cas soit 73,17%. La thyroïdectomie vidéo-assistée représentait 0,94% (un cas) des actes chirurgicaux. En postopératoire, la principale complication était la paralysie récurrentielle avec 2,13 % (n=9) et à moyen terme c’était l’hypocalcémie avec 1,18 % (n=5). Les résultats d’anatomie pathologie avait confirmé   qu’il s’agissait d’une pathologie bénigne dans plus de la majorité des cas (55,2%, N=233). Aucun décès n’avait été enregistré pendant la période d’étude. Conclusion : La pathologie thyroïdienne est fréquente, le geste chirurgical le plus réalisé est la thyroïdectomie totale et il existe peu de complications.   Introduction: Report main indication and result of thyroidectomy at the General Hospital of Reference and National Hospital. Methods: We did a retrospective study over 5 years and 6 months of 422 cases in the general and digestive surgery departments of the RGH and HNN. It concerned patients of both sexes without age limit who had undergone surgery for thyroid pathology during the period of our study. Results: A frequency of thyroidectomy was 4.18%. Females predominated with a sex ratio of 0.12 and the age group 32-47 years was the most concerned with a mean age of 44.3 years. Heteromultinodular goiter was the main indication for thyroid surgery (50.10%), in our series 85.16% of patients had consulted for anterior cervical swelling. The main surgical procedure was total thyroidectomy with 308 cases or 73.17%. Video-assisted thyroidectomy represented 0.94% of the surgical procedures. The recurrent laryngeal nerve was dissected and seen in 381 cases or 89.93%. In the immediate postoperative period, the main complication was dysphonia with 2.13% (n=9) and in the médium term it was hypocalcemia with 7.34% (n=31). Anatomical pathology results confirmed that it was a benign pathology in the majority of cases (55.2%). No deaths had been recorded. Conclusion: Thyroid pathology is common; the most performed procedure is total thyroidectomy. The main complications recorded were dominated by recurrent paralysis, compressive hematoma and transient hypocalcemia. the most common malignant tumor was the papillary carcinoma

Prise en Charge des Appendicites Compliquées de l’Adulte à l’Hôpital National de Niamey

            Objectif : rapporter les résultats de la prise en charge des appendicites compliquées chez l’adulte à l’Hôpital National de Niamey (HNN).   Résultats : Pendant  la période de l’étude 8127 urgences abdominales avaient été enregistrées dont 1837 d’origine appendiculaire, parmi lesquelles  512 étaient des appendicites compliquées, soit 6,3 % des urgences abdominales et 27,9 % de toutes les pathologies appendiculaires. Il s’agissait de 337 (65,8 %) hommes et 175 (34,2 %) femmes ; soit un sex ratio de 1,9. L’âge médian des patients était de 30 ans, avec 75% de patients d’âge inférieur ou égal à 40 ans (3è quartile=40 ans) ainsi que des extrêmes allant de 16 ans et de 90 ans. Le délai d’admission  médian était   de 5 jours (Q1=3, Q3=7) avec un taux de 49,6 %(n=254) de patients  admis après 48 heures. Les appendicites compliquées retrouvées étaient la péritonite appendiculaire dans 74 % des cas (n=379) suivie de l’abcès appendiculaire dans 21,5 % des cas (n=110) et du plastron appendiculaire dans 4,5%(n=23) des cas. La chirurgie était pratiquée dans  95,5% des cas (n = 489). La voie d’abord utilisée était la laparotomie médiane sus et sous ombilicale dans 81 % des cas (n=415) et l’incision de Mac Burney dans 14,5%(n=74). L’appendice était gangréné dans 95,7 % des cas (n=490) à l’exploration. Le geste  réalisé était l’appendicectomie dans 89,9 % des cas (n= 460).  L’étude rapporte que 93,3%(n=478) des patients avaient un séjour total (pré et postopératoire)  ≤ 10 jours avec des extrêmes allant d’un jour et de 76 jours d’hospitalisation. La morbimortalité globale était de 11,5 %(n= 59). La suppuration pariétale était retrouvée dans 10 % des cas (n= 51). La  mortalité  était de 1,5 % (n = 8) tous enregistrés parmi les cas de péritonite appendiculaire. Le séjour hospitalier total (initial et post-appendicectomie) variait de un(1) jour à 76 jours ; 93,36%(n=478) avaient un séjour ≤ 10 jours. La médiane de séjour hospitalier était de 14,5 jours ; 75% des patients passaient moins de 28 jours en hospitalisation (3è quartile=28 jours).  Conclusion : Les appendicites compliquées sont fréquentes à l’HNN avec une morbimortalité importante. Le retard de la prise en charge constitue un facteur influencant la survenue des complications.                 Objective : To report the results of the management of complicated appendicitis in adults at the National Hospital of Niamey (HNN). Patients and method: This was a 10-year retrospective, descriptive, and analytical study including all patients over 15 years of age who had been managed for complicated appendicitis at HNN. Results: During the study period, 8127 abdominal emergencies were recorded, of which 1837 were of appendicular origin, of which 512 were complicated appendicitis, i.e. 6.3% of abdominal emergencies and 27.9% of all appendicular pathologies. These were 337 (65.8%) men and 175 (34.2%) women; i.e. a sex ratio of 1.9. The median age of patients was 30 years, with 75% of patients less than or equal to 40 years of age (3rd quartile=40 years) as well as extremes ranging from 16 years to 90 years. The median time to admission was 5 days (Q1=3, Q3=7) with a rate of 49.6% (n=254) of patients admitted after 48 hours. Complicated appendicitis was appendicular peritonitis in 74% of cases (n=379) followed by appendicular abscess in 21.5% of cases (n=110) and appendicular plastron in 4.5% (n=23) of cases. Surgery was performed in 95.5% of cases (n = 489). The approach used was median laparotomy above and subumbilical laparotomy in 81% of cases (n=415) and Mac Burney incision in 14.5% (n=74). The appendix was gangrenous in 95.7% of cases (n=490) on exploration. Appendectomy was performed in 89.9% of cases (n=460).  The study reports that 93.3% (n=478) of patients had a total stay (pre and postoperative) ≤ 10 days with extremes ranging from one day and 76 days of hospitalization. Overall morbidity mortality was 11.5% (n=59). Parietal suppuration was found in 10% of cases (n=51). Mortality was 1.5% (n=8), all recorded among cases of appendicular peritonitis. Conclusion: Complicated appendicitis is common at NNH with significant morbidity mortality. Delayed treatment is a factor influencing the occurrence of complications.&nbsp

Prise en Charge des Appendicites Compliquées de l’Adulte à l’Hôpital National de Niamey

Objectif : rapporter les résultats de la prise en charge des appendicites compliquées chez l’adulte à l’Hôpital National de Niamey (HNN). Patients et méthode : Il s’agissait d’une étude rétrospective, descriptive et analytique sur 10 ans incluant tous les patients âgés de plus de 15 ans qui avaient été pris en charge pour appendicites compliquées à l’HNN. Résultats : durant la période de l’étude 8127 urgences abdominales avaient été enregistrées dont 1837 d’origine appendiculaire, parmi elles 512 étaient des appendicites compliquées (AC), soit 6, 30% des urgences abdominales et 27, 87% des appendicites. Il s’agissait de 337 (65, 82%) hommes et 175 (34, 18 %) femmes ; soit un sex ratio de 1, 92. L’âge moyen des patients était de 32, 83 [±14, 50] ans avec des extrêmes de 16 ans et de 90 ans. Le délai moyen d’admission était de 6 [±3, 82] jours avec des extrêmes de 1 et de 14 jours. Les AC retrouvées étaient la péritonite appendiculaire dans 74, 02% des cas (n =379) suivie de l’abcès appendiculaire dans 21, 48% des cas (n=110) et du plastron appendiculaire dans 4, 5%(n=23) des cas. Le traitement avait été opératoire dans 95, 5% des cas (n = 489). La voie d’abord utilisée était la laparotomie médiane dans 81, 05% des cas (n=415) et l’appendice était gangréné dans 95, 70% des cas (n=490) à l’exploration. Le geste le plus réalisé était l’appendicectomie dans 89, 84% des cas (n= 460). La durée moyenne d’hospitalisation était de 9 [±10, 61] jours avec des extrêmes d’un et de 76 jours. La morbimortalité globale était de 11, 52% avec 9, 96% de suppuration pariétale (n=51) et une mortalité de 1, 56% (n = 8) tous enregistrés parmi les cas de péritonite appendiculaire. Il existe une corrélation significative entre le type de complications et le délai d’admission (P=0, 00001).  Conclusion : Les appendicites compliquées sont fréquentes à l’HNN avec une morbimortalité importante. Le retard de la prise en charge constitue un facteur influencant la survenue des complications.   Objective: to report the results of the management of complicated appendicitis in adults at the National Hospital of Niamey (NHN). Patients and method: This was a retrospective, descriptive and analytical study over 10 years including all patients over the age of 15 who had been treated for complicated appendicitis at NHN. Results: during the study period, 8127 abdominal emergencies were recorded, of which 1837 were of appendicular origin, among them 512 were complicated appendicitis, i.e. 6.30% of abdominal emergencies and 27.87% of appendicitis. These were 337 (65.82%) men and 175 (34.18%) women; i.e. a sex ratio of 1.92. The mean age of the patients was 32.83 [±14.50] years with extremes of 16 and 90 years. The average admission time was 6 [±3.82] days with extremes of 1 and 14 days. Complicated appendicitis found was appendicular peritonitis in 74.02% of cases (n=379) followed by appendicular abscess in 21.48% of cases (n=110) and appendicular plastron in 4.5% (n= 23) cases. The treatment was operative in 95.5% of cases (n = 489). The approach used was the midline laparotomy in 81.05% of cases (n=415) and the appendix was gangrenous in 95.70% of cases (n=490) on exploration. The most performed procedure was appendectomy in 89.84% of cases (n = 460). The average duration of hospitalization was 9 [±10.61] days with extremes of one and 76 days. The overall morbidity and mortality was 11.52% with 9.96% parietal suppuration (n=51) and a mortality of 1.56% (n=8) all recorded among the cases of appendicular peritonitis. There is a significant correlation between the type of complications and the admission time (P=0.00001). Conclusion: Complicated appendicitis is common in NHN with significant morbidity and mortality. Delay in treatment is a factor influencing the occurrence of complications

Prise en Charge des Appendicites Compliquées de l’Adulte à l’Hôpital National de Niamey

Objectif : rapporter les résultats de la prise en charge des appendicites compliquées chez l’adulte à l’Hôpital National de Niamey (HNN). Patients et méthode : Il s’agissait d’une étude rétrospective, descriptive et analytique sur 10 ans incluant tous les patients âgés de plus de 15 ans qui avaient été pris en charge pour appendicites compliquées à l’HNN. Résultats : durant la période de l’étude 8127 urgences abdominales avaient été enregistrées dont 1837 d’origine appendiculaire, parmi elles 512 étaient des appendicites compliquées (AC), soit 6, 30% des urgences abdominales et 27, 87% des appendicites. Il s’agissait de 337 (65, 82%) hommes et 175 (34, 18 %) femmes ; soit un sex ratio de 1, 92. L’âge moyen des patients était de 32, 83 [±14, 50] ans avec des extrêmes de 16 ans et de 90 ans. Le délai moyen d’admission était de 6 [±3, 82] jours avec des extrêmes de 1 et de 14 jours. Les AC retrouvées étaient la péritonite appendiculaire dans 74, 02% des cas (n =379) suivie de l’abcès appendiculaire dans 21, 48% des cas (n=110) et du plastron appendiculaire dans 4, 5%(n=23) des cas. Le traitement avait été opératoire dans 95, 5% des cas (n = 489). La voie d’abord utilisée était la laparotomie médiane dans 81, 05% des cas (n=415) et l’appendice était gangréné dans 95, 70% des cas (n=490) à l’exploration. Le geste le plus réalisé était l’appendicectomie dans 89, 84% des cas (n= 460). La durée moyenne d’hospitalisation était de 9 [±10, 61] jours avec des extrêmes d’un et de 76 jours. La morbimortalité globale était de 11, 52% avec 9, 96% de suppuration pariétale (n=51) et une mortalité de 1, 56% (n = 8) tous enregistrés parmi les cas de péritonite appendiculaire. Il existe une corrélation significative entre le type de complications et le délai d’admission (P=0, 00001).  Conclusion : Les appendicites compliquées sont fréquentes à l’HNN avec une morbimortalité importante. Le retard de la prise en charge constitue un facteur influencant la survenue des complications.   Objective: to report the results of the management of complicated appendicitis in adults at the National Hospital of Niamey (NHN). Patients and method: This was a retrospective, descriptive and analytical study over 10 years including all patients over the age of 15 who had been treated for complicated appendicitis at NHN. Results: during the study period, 8127 abdominal emergencies were recorded, of which 1837 were of appendicular origin, among them 512 were complicated appendicitis, i.e. 6.30% of abdominal emergencies and 27.87% of appendicitis. These were 337 (65.82%) men and 175 (34.18%) women; i.e. a sex ratio of 1.92. The mean age of the patients was 32.83 [±14.50] years with extremes of 16 and 90 years. The average admission time was 6 [±3.82] days with extremes of 1 and 14 days. Complicated appendicitis found was appendicular peritonitis in 74.02% of cases (n=379) followed by appendicular abscess in 21.48% of cases (n=110) and appendicular plastron in 4.5% (n= 23) cases. The treatment was operative in 95.5% of cases (n = 489). The approach used was the midline laparotomy in 81.05% of cases (n=415) and the appendix was gangrenous in 95.70% of cases (n=490) on exploration. The most performed procedure was appendectomy in 89.84% of cases (n = 460). The average duration of hospitalization was 9 [±10.61] days with extremes of one and 76 days. The overall morbidity and mortality was 11.52% with 9.96% parietal suppuration (n=51) and a mortality of 1.56% (n=8) all recorded among the cases of appendicular peritonitis. There is a significant correlation between the type of complications and the admission time (P=0.00001). Conclusion: Complicated appendicitis is common in NHN with significant morbidity and mortality. Delay in treatment is a factor influencing the occurrence of complications

Influence De La Géomorphologie Sur La Distribution Spatiale Des Peuplements De Boscia Senegalensis (Pers.) Lam. Ex Poir. Dans La Commune Rurale De Simiri (Ouest Niger)

B. senegalensis is a species with broad geographic distribution in the Sahel, especially in Niger, thanks to its special anatomical structures to withstand drought, high temperatures and poor soils. It presents and a heterogeneous distribution in the following areas topographic levels characteristic of the western Niger. This paper aimed to assess the distribution of B. senegalensis and its relationship with woody species through the description of the spatial structure of the point process following toposequences by Ripley's method stands. The study highlighted the gregarious distribution of B. senegalensis and the close relationship between B. senegalensis and other species. Indeed, the species is in competition with other species on the plateau where water resources are scarce. But B. senegalensis tolerate these species on the slopes and in the shallows where water resources are relatively large

Prise En Charge Des Anévrismes Artériels Dans Un Centre Africain Non Spécialisée

Introduction: Arterial aneurysms affect 7 to 8% of people over 65 in the West and are the 2nd leading cause of death in these countries. In Africa this frequency is poorly evaluated. The objective of this work is to report the management of arterial aneurysms at the National Hospital of Niamey (HNN). Patients and methods: This was a retrospective, descriptive study over a period of eight (8) years from January 2009 to December 2016, performed in the surgical departments of the National Hospital of Niamey. Included in the study were patients of both sexes, hospitalized and / or operated for arterial aneurysm. Not included were patients treated for arterial aneurysm with incomplete records or those concerning the neurosurgical sphere. Results: During the study period, 17,748 patients were hospitalized in the general surgery departments, including 16 patients for arterial aneurysm, or 0.09% of surgical pathologies. There were 13 men (81.25%) and 3 women (18.75%), or a sex ratio of 4.33. The average age was 55.75 years with extremes ranging from 25 years old to 90 years old. The circumstances of discovery of the aneurysms were swelling of the antero-internal aspect of the thigh in 7 cases (43.75%), abdominal mass 6 cases (37.50%), then 2 cases (12.50%) of chest pain and incidental discovery in 1cas (6.25%). The most common risk factor was high blood pressure with 43.75% (7 cases). The aneurysm sat on the femoral artery in 43.75% (n = 7), of which 6 on the deep femoral and 1 on the superficial femoral, on the infrarenal aorta in 31.25% (n = 5), on thoracic aorta 12.50% (n = 2), on the iliac artery 12.50% (n = 2). For the diagnosis the angioscanner is realized in all the patients and in addition Doppler ultrasound in 43, 75% of cases. Twelve (12) patients benefited from curative surgical intervention by prosthetic graft by PTFE in 58.33% of cases and by Dacron in 41.66%. The average stay was 29.75 days and the immediate operative followup was complicated by thrombosis in 12.5% and parietal suppurations in 6.25%. We recorded two (2) deaths, ie 12.5% among non-operated patients. Conclusion: Arterial aneurysms are rare diseases at the HNN. Conventional surgery is the treatment performed in our patients. The postoperative course was simple in most cases

Invagination Intestinale Aiguë De L’adulte: Aspects Diagnostiqsues, Thérapeutiques Et Étiologiques

Introduction: Acute intussusception is a rare clinical entity in adults where it accounts for only 1-2% of intestinal obstructions. The authors wanted to report cases of acute intussusception in adult patients, their diagnostic aspects, their management, and their etiologies. Patients and Methods: This study is a retrospective study of the medical files of patients of both sexes. They include adults over 15 years of age, operated between January 2010 and December 2014, who were diagnosed with obstruction due to acute intestinal intussusception. Results: Six cases of adult intestinal intussusception were collected. The average age was 26.5 years. The sex ratio was 1 and there were so many men as women. Five out of six patients were unstable on admission. The diagnosis was made preoperative in two cases out of six, 33.3%. Ultrasound revealed a target sign in two cases. The ileo-ileal form was the most frequent (5 cases out of 6) or 83.3%. Also, there were two cases of intestinal necrosis out of six. Intestinal resection was performed in five cases or 83.33%. The cause of intussusception was found in four cases out of six or 66.7%. Here, a tumor was the cause in half of the cases. Immediate surgical follow-up was uncomplicated in all patients. Conclusion: Acute intestinal intussusception of the adult is a very rare condition. The preoperative diagnosis of acute intussusception of the adult remains delicate. The ileo-ileal form is more frequent than the ileo-colic form in adults. Treatment is always surgical in adults