Fabrication of Titanium Dioxide Nanorod Arrays-Polyaniline Heterojunction for Development of UV Photosensor

An ultraviolet (UV) photosensor is successfully fabricated via heterojunction device consisted of n-type titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanorod arrays (TNAs), and p-type polyaniline (PANI) by a facile method on fluorine tin oxide (FTO)-coated glass substrate. The fabricated UV photosensor demonstrated a UV-catalyst activity through the generation of photocurrent under UV irradiation (365 nm, 750 µW/cm2). The measured UV response showed the highest generation of photocurrent of 0.52 μAcm-2, and responsivity of 0.65 mA/W at 1.0 V reverse bias. The results indicate that the fabricated TNAs/PANI heterojunction-based device could be a promising candidate for the application of UV photosensor

Repositioning of the global epicentre of non-optimal cholesterol

High blood cholesterol is typically considered a feature of wealthy western countries1,2. However, dietary and behavioural determinants of blood cholesterol are changing rapidly throughout the world3 and countries are using lipid-lowering medications at varying rates. These changes can have distinct effects on the levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and non-HDL cholesterol, which have different effects on human health4,5. However, the trends of HDL and non-HDL cholesterol levels over time have not been previously reported in a global analysis. Here we pooled 1,127 population-based studies that measured blood lipids in 102.6 million individuals aged 18 years and older to estimate trends from 1980 to 2018 in mean total, non-HDL and HDL cholesterol levels for 200 countries. Globally, there was little change in total or non-HDL cholesterol from 1980 to 2018. This was a net effect of increases in low- and middle-income countries, especially in east and southeast Asia, and decreases in high-income western countries, especially those in northwestern Europe, and in central and eastern Europe. As a result, countries with the highest level of non-HDL cholesterol—which is a marker of cardiovascular risk—changed from those in western Europe such as Belgium, Finland, Greenland, Iceland, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland and Malta in 1980 to those in Asia and the Pacific, such as Tokelau, Malaysia, The Philippines and Thailand. In 2017, high non-HDL cholesterol was responsible for an estimated 3.9 million (95% credible interval 3.7 million–4.2 million) worldwide deaths, half of which occurred in east, southeast and south Asia. The global repositioning of lipid-related risk, with non-optimal cholesterol shifting from a distinct feature of high-income countries in northwestern Europe, north America and Australasia to one that affects countries in east and southeast Asia and Oceania should motivate the use of population-based policies and personal interventions to improve nutrition and enhance access to treatment throughout the world.</p

Repositioning of the global epicentre of non-optimal cholesterol

High blood cholesterol is typically considered a feature of wealthy western countries1,2. However, dietary and behavioural determinants of blood cholesterol are changing rapidly throughout the world3 and countries are using lipid-lowering medications at varying rates. These changes can have distinct effects on the levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and non-HDL cholesterol, which have different effects on human health4,5. However, the trends of HDL and non-HDL cholesterol levels over time have not been previously reported in a global analysis. Here we pooled 1,127 population-based studies that measured blood lipids in 102.6 million individuals aged 18 years and older to estimate trends from 1980 to 2018 in mean total, non-HDL and HDL cholesterol levels for 200 countries. Globally, there was little change in total or non-HDL cholesterol from 1980 to 2018. This was a net effect of increases in low- and middle-income countries, especially in east and southeast Asia, and decreases in high-income western countries, especially those in northwestern Europe, and in central and eastern Europe. As a result, countries with the highest level of non-HDL cholesterol�which is a marker of cardiovascular risk�changed from those in western Europe such as Belgium, Finland, Greenland, Iceland, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland and Malta in 1980 to those in Asia and the Pacific, such as Tokelau, Malaysia, The Philippines and Thailand. In 2017, high non-HDL cholesterol was responsible for an estimated 3.9 million (95 credible interval 3.7 million�4.2 million) worldwide deaths, half of which occurred in east, southeast and south Asia. The global repositioning of lipid-related risk, with non-optimal cholesterol shifting from a distinct feature of high-income countries in northwestern Europe, north America and Australasia to one that affects countries in east and southeast Asia and Oceania should motivate the use of population-based policies and personal interventions to improve nutrition and enhance access to treatment throughout the world. © 2020, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited

Rising rural body-mass index is the main driver of the global obesity epidemic in adults

Body-mass index (BMI) has increased steadily in most countries in parallel with a rise in the proportion of the population who live in cities 1,2 . This has led to a widely reported view that urbanization is one of the most important drivers of the global rise in obesity 3�6 . Here we use 2,009 population-based studies, with measurements of height and weight in more than 112 million adults, to report national, regional and global trends in mean BMI segregated by place of residence (a rural or urban area) from 1985 to 2017. We show that, contrary to the dominant paradigm, more than 55 of the global rise in mean BMI from 1985 to 2017�and more than 80 in some low- and middle-income regions�was due to increases in BMI in rural areas. This large contribution stems from the fact that, with the exception of women in sub-Saharan Africa, BMI is increasing at the same rate or faster in rural areas than in cities in low- and middle-income regions. These trends have in turn resulted in a closing�and in some countries reversal�of the gap in BMI between urban and rural areas in low- and middle-income countries, especially for women. In high-income and industrialized countries, we noted a persistently higher rural BMI, especially for women. There is an urgent need for an integrated approach to rural nutrition that enhances financial and physical access to healthy foods, to avoid replacing the rural undernutrition disadvantage in poor countries with a more general malnutrition disadvantage that entails excessive consumption of low-quality calories. © 2019, The Author(s)

Thermodynamic Investigation of Lime-enhanced molybdenite reduction using Methane-containing gases

Lime-enhanced molybdenite reduction (LEMR) with methane-containing gases has been thermodynamically studied. The reaction proceeds through the direct oxidation of MoS(2) by CaO to form intermediate molybdenum oxidized species, MoO(2) and CaMoO(4). The thermodynamics of Mo-O-C-H and Mo-Ca-O-C-H systems has been investigated instead of Mo-Ca-S-O-C-H system, as the sulfur is captured by calcium and forms a neutral compound (i.e. calcium sulfide). The role of reducing agent is the reduction of these oxidized species. Reduction of oxidized species by methane will yield Mo, Mo(2)C or MoC. The thermodynamic investigation resulted in construction of stability diagrams of molybdenum compounds. These diagrams were constructed for CH(4)-H(2), CH(4)-H(2)-Ar and CH(4)-CO(2)-H(2)O gas mixtures. In addition to stability regions of Mo, MO(2)C and MoC, the carbon deposition area was also identified. The results showed that by using appropriate gas composition and temperature, different molybdenum-containing phases would be stable thermodynamically while soot formation can be avoided. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.113Nsciescopu

PENYELESAIAN SENGKETA BEA PEROLEHAN HAK ATAS TANAH DAN BANGUNAN PADA KANTOR PELAYANAN PAJAK BUMI DAN BANGUNAN DI MAKASSAR

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan mengungkapkan bagaimana pelaksanaan kewajiban wajib pajak dalam mengajukkan keberatan atas sengketa bea perolehan hak atas tanah dan bangunan pada kantor pelayanan Pajak bumi dan Bangunan di Makassar, dan faktor-faktor apa yang mempengaruhi peneyelesaian sengketa bea perolehan hak atas tanah dan bangunan tersebut.\ud Penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif yang mengklarifikasi dalam rumusan masalah.Pokus penelitian ini untuk menggambarakan hal-hal yang berkaitan dengan pelaksanaan ketentuan UU BPHTB sebagi bentuk penegakan hukum.\ud Hasil penelitian yang diperoleh berdasarkan kajian hukum pajak adalah; bahwa pengajuan keberatan oleh wajib pajak untuk mendapatkan perlindungan hukum sebagai cerminan darim pelaksanaan kewajiban hukum yang dimilikinya terlaksana menerut ketentuan UU PHTB. Penyelesaian sengketa bea perolehan hak atas tanah dan bangunan yang dilakukan oleh Kepala Kantor Pelayanan Pajak Bumi dan Bangunan dalam bentuk keputusannya tidak ada yang menlanggar ketentuan UU BPHTB, dan adanya faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi penyelesaian sengketa bea perolehan hak atas tanah dan bangunan yang dapat berupa secara hukum dan non hukum

Investigation of heat pipe heat exchanger effectiveness and energy saving in air conditioning systems using silver nanofluid

The present study attempts to use the methanol–silver nanofluid filled heat pipe heat exchanger and compares the effectiveness as well as the energy saving with pure methanol. A heat pipe heat exchanger has been tested in a test rig under steady-state conditions. The lengths of both the evaporator and the condenser sections of the heat exchanger were 700 mm, and its central adiabatic section had a length of 160 mm. The heat exchanger had 36 plate finned copper thermosyphons arranged in three rows. The inlet air temperature across the evaporator section was varied in the range of 33–43 °C while the inlet air temperature to the condenser section was nearly constant to be 13 °C. First, pure methanol was used as the working fluid with a fill ratio of 50 % of the evaporator section length, and then dilute dispersion of silver nanoparticles in methanol was employed as the working fluid. The nanofluid used in the present study is 20 nm diameter silver nanoparticles. The experiments were performed to compare the heat pipe heat exchanger effectiveness and energy saving, using nanofluid and pure methanol. The inlet air relative humidity across the evaporator section was varied between 35 and 80 %. The sensible effectiveness of the heat pipe heat exchanger obtained from experiments varied about 5–22 % for pure methanol and 9–32 % for methanol–silver nanofluid. Based on these experimental results, using methanol–silver nanofluid leads to energy saving around 8.8–31.5 % for cooling and 18–100 % for reheating the supply air stream in an air conditioning system