An Empirical Analysis of Income Inequality between a Minority and the Majority in Urban China: The Case of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region

Based on the urban survey data of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region in 2006, this paper studies the impact of ethnic characteristics on the income determination mechanism in the same economic region. Using the decomposition methods of Blinder and Oaxaca, Fields, and Morduch and Sicular, we analyze income gap between employed Hui and Han as well as income inequality within the two ethnic groups. The main conclusions are, first, that there is almost no income gap between Han and Hui in Ningxia. But different ethnic characteristics have effects on the income determination mechanism. Ethnic factors such as religion and social capital have no obvious effect on the income determination.Minority, Majority, Income Inequality

Hemiplegia as a special form of recurrent glioma pathogenesis: analysis of 1 cases

目的  探讨复发性神经胶质瘤的临床、影像学特征及诊治方法。方法  回顾性分析1例复发性神经胶质瘤的诊治过程，并复习有关文献。结果  该患者以突发特殊形式偏瘫为唯一症状起病，上肢屈曲旋前，下肢伸直内收，酷似卒中；头颅电子计算机断层扫描(CT)示右额颞叶占位病变，周围有不规则水肿带形成；术后病理检查示多形性胶质母细胞瘤。结论  复发性神经胶质瘤约80%的复发病灶位于其原发灶周围2cm处，临床表现及影像学检查无特异性，常规CT与磁共振成像（MRI）检查一般对肿瘤是否复发以及确定肿瘤侵犯范围等方面具有局限性，很难区别肿瘤复发、放射性脑损伤或肿瘤假性进展，诊断主要依靠术后病理检查，手术是目前主要的治疗方法，术后可辅以放射治疗、化学治疗以及生物学治疗，但预后较差。Objective: To explore of the clinical and radiographic characteristics, methods of diagnosis and treatment of recurrent glioma. Methods: To retrospectively analyze the diagnostic and treatment process of 1 case of recurrent glioma patients, and to have literature review. Result: The patients with hemiplegia burst special form as the only symptom onset, upper limb flexion pronation, straight leg adduction, and stroke are very similar. Her head computed tomography (CT) showed right frontotemporal lobar lesions, irregular with edema formation around. Her postoperative pathologic examination revealed a glioblastoma multiforme. Conclusions: Recurrence lesions of glioma were located 2 cm away around the primary tumors in 80 percent of the cases. There were no clinical manifestations and specific neuroimaging regarding the disease. Conventional CT and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examination in general has limitations on tumor recurrence,( tumor extent and other aspects, it is difficult to distinguish the progress of tumor recurrence and radiation brain injury or tumor pseudo progression. The disease diagnosis mainly depends on the pathological examination after operation. Operation is currently the main disease treatment, postoperative radiotherapy, treatment can be supplemented with chemical and biological therapy, but the prognosis is poor

Coherent quantum effects through dispersive bosonic media

The coherent evolution of two atomic qubits mediated by a set of bosonic field modes is investigated. By assuming a specific encoding of the quantum states in the internal levels of the two atoms we show that entangling quantum gates can be realised, with high fidelity, even when a large number of mediating modes is involved. The effect of losses and imperfections on the gates' operation is also considered in detail.Comment: 7 pages, 10 figure

Effects of different levels of protein-to-energy ratios on nutrient digestibility and digestive enzyme activity in Leiothrix luteal

Effects of different levels of protein-to-energy ratios (PER) on nutrient utilization, digestive organs index and digestive enzymes activities in Leiothrix luteal were investigated in this research. It was found that different PER feedstuff had no significant effects on the utilization of dry matter (DM), calcium (Ca) and total phosphorus (TP). With the improvement of the PER, average daily feed intake (ADFI) gradually increased, the apparent utilization rate of energy and fat gradually improved, while the apparent utilization rate of crude protein increased at first and then decreased. Development of digestive organs of L. luteal was affected by the level of dietary PER, with the increase in PER, the digestive organ indices of muscular stomach, duodenum, jejunoileum and rectum exhibited a downward trend, the main influencing factors were the level of metabolizable energy in diets. With the intestinal tract moving backward, the relative activity of proteases gradually reduced, manifesting as pancreas > duodenum > jejunoileum. The relative activity of carbohydrate digestion enzymes gradually increased as the intestinal tract moved backward. With the improvement of PER, the relative activity of lipase gradually decreased in pancreas, duodenum, and jejunoileum. L. luteal possessed a strong ability to digest crude fiber and total phosphorus; the reason might be closely related to the types and quantities of intestinal flora, which was affected by the feeding habits of this bird. By comprehensively considering the nutrient utilization, digestive organ indices and digestive enzymes activities, the formula of PER II was more appropriate for nutritional needs of L. luteal in captivity.Keywords: Leiothrix luteal, protein-to-energy ratios, nutrients, digestion and utilization, enzyme activitiesAfrican Journal of Biotechnology Vol. 12(15), pp. 1902-190

Magnetoelectric Coupling and Electric Control of Magnetization in Ferromagnet-Ferroelectric-Metal Superlattices

Ferromagnet-ferroelectric-metal superlattices are proposed to realize the large room-temperature magnetoelectric effect. Spin dependent electron screening is the fundamental mechanism at the microscopic level. We also predict an electric control of magnetization in this structure. The naturally broken inversion symmetry in our tri-component structure introduces a magnetoelectric coupling energy of $P M^2$. Such a magnetoelectric coupling effect is general in ferromagnet-ferroelectric heterostructures, independent of particular chemical or physical bonding, and will play an important role in the field of multiferroics.Comment: 5 pages including 3 figures and 1 tabl

Unbounded High Dynamic Range Photography Using a Modulo Camera

This paper presents a novel framework to extend the dynamic range of images called Unbounded High Dynamic Range (UHDR) photography with a modulo camera. A modulo camera could theoretically take unbounded radiance levels by keeping only the least significant bits. We show that with limited bit depth, very high radiance levels can be recovered from a single modulus image with our newly proposed unwrapping algorithm for natural images. We can also obtain an HDR image with details equally well preserved for all radiance levels by merging the least number of modulus images. Synthetic experiment and experiment with a real modulo camera show the effectiveness of the proposed approach.United States. Dept. of Defense. Assistant Secretary of Defense for Research & Engineering (United States. Air Force Contract FA8721-05-C-0002)SUTD-MIT (Joint Doctoral Fellowship

Dynamical response of fractional-order nonlinear system with combined parametric and forcing excitation

A dynamical analysis of a Mathieu-van der Pol-Duffing nonlinear system with fractional-order derivative under combined parametric and forcing excitation is studied in this paper. The approximate analytical solution is researched for 1/2 sub harmonic resonance coupled with primary parametric resonance based on the improved averaging approach. The steady-state periodic solution including its stability condition is established. The equivalent linear stiffness coefficient (ELDC) and equivalent linear damping coefficient (ELSC) for this nonlinear fractional-order oscillator are defined. Then, the numerical simulations are presented in three typical cases by iterative algorithms. The time history, phase portrait, FFT spectrum and Poincare maps are shown to explain the system response. Some different responses, such as quasi-periodic, multi-periodic and single periodic behaviors are observed and investigated. The results of comparisons between the numerical solutions and the approximate analytical solutions in three typical cases show the correctness of the analytical solutions. The influences of the fractional-order parameters on the system dynamical response are researched based on the ELDC and ELSC. Through analysis, it could be found that the increase of the fractional-order coefficient would result in the rightward and downward movements of the amplitude-frequency curves. The increase of the fractional-order coefficient will also move the bifurcation point rightwards and will make the existing range of steady-state solution larger. It could also be found that the ELSC will become larger and ELDC smaller when the fractional order is closer to zero, so that the decrease of the fractional order would make the response amplitude larger. At last, the detailed conclusions are summarized, which is beneficial to design and control this kind of fractional-order nonlinear system

Transport of topologically protected photonic waveguide on chip

We propose a new design on integrated optical devices on-chip with an extra width degree of freedom by using a photonic crystal waveguide with Dirac points between two photonic crystals with opposite valley Chern numbers. With such an extra waveguide, we demonstrate numerically that the topologically protected photonic waveguide keeps properties of valley-locking and immunity to defects. Due to the design flexibility of the width-tunable topologically protected photonic waveguide, many unique on-chip integrated devices have been proposed, such as energy concentrators with a concentration efficiency improvement by more than one order of magnitude, topological photonic power splitter with arbitrary power splitting ratio. The topologically protected photonic waveguide with the width degree of freedom could be beneficial for scaling up photonic devices, which provides a new flexible platform to implement integrated photonic networks on chip.Comment: 19 pages, 5 figure

Generalist Vision Foundation Models for Medical Imaging: A Case Study of Segment Anything Model on Zero-Shot Medical Segmentation

In this paper, we examine the recent Segment Anything Model (SAM) on medical images, and report both quantitative and qualitative zero-shot segmentation results on nine medical image segmentation benchmarks, covering various imaging modalities, such as optical coherence tomography (OCT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and computed tomography (CT), as well as different applications including dermatology, ophthalmology, and radiology. Those benchmarks are representative and commonly used in model development. Our experimental results indicate that while SAM presents remarkable segmentation performance on images from the general domain, its zero-shot segmentation ability remains restricted for out-of-distribution images, e.g., medical images. In addition, SAM exhibits inconsistent zero-shot segmentation performance across different unseen medical domains. For certain structured targets, e.g., blood vessels, the zero-shot segmentation of SAM completely failed. In contrast, a simple fine-tuning of it with a small amount of data could lead to remarkable improvement of the segmentation quality, showing the great potential and feasibility of using fine-tuned SAM to achieve accurate medical image segmentation for a precision diagnostics. Our study indicates the versatility of generalist vision foundation models on medical imaging, and their great potential to achieve desired performance through fine-turning and eventually address the challenges associated with accessing large and diverse medical datasets in support of clinical diagnostics.Comment: Published in Diagnostic