23 research outputs found
p38-MK2 signaling axis regulates RNA metabolism after UV-light-induced DNA damage
UV-light-induced DNA damage affects RNA metabolism but the underlying signalling pathways are largely unexplored. Here, the authors show that UV light triggers p38-MK2-mediated phosphorylation of the NELF complex, promoting its release from chromatin and concurrent transcriptional elongation
In vivo partial cellular reprogramming enhances liver plasticity and regeneration.
Mammals have limited regenerative capacity, whereas some vertebrates, like fish and salamanders, are able to regenerate their organs efficiently. The regeneration in these species depends on cell dedifferentiation followed by proliferation. We generate a mouse model that enables the inducible expression of the four Yamanaka factors (Oct-3/4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc, or 4F) specifically in hepatocytes. Transient in vivo 4F expression induces partial reprogramming of adult hepatocytes to a progenitor state and concomitantly increases cell proliferation. This is indicated by reduced expression of differentiated hepatic-lineage markers, an increase in markers of proliferation and chromatin modifiers, global changes in DNA accessibility, and an acquisition of liver stem and progenitor cell markers. Functionally, short-term expression of 4F enhances liver regenerative capacity through topoisomerase2-mediated partial reprogramming. Our results reveal that liver-specific 4F expression in vivo induces cellular plasticity and counteracts liver failure, suggesting that partial reprogramming may represent an avenue for enhancing tissue regeneration
Dynamics and function of distal regulatory elements during neurogenesis and neuroplasticity
Gene regulation in mammals involves a complex interplay between promoters and distal regulatory elements that function in concert to drive precise spatiotemporal gene expression programs. However, the dynamics of the distal gene regulatory landscape and its function in the transcriptional reprogramming that underlies neurogenesis and neuronal activity remain largely unknown. Here, we performed a combinatorial analysis of genome-wide data sets for chromatin accessibility (FAIRE-seq) and the enhancer mark H3K27ac, revealing the highly dynamic nature of distal gene regulation during neurogenesis, which gets progressively restricted to distinct genomic regions as neurons acquire a post-mitotic, terminally differentiated state. We further find that the distal accessible and active regions serve as target sites for distinct transcription factors that function in a stage-specific manner to contribute to the transcriptional program underlying neuronal commitment and maturation. Mature neurons respond to a sustained activity of NMDA receptors by epigenetic reprogramming at a large number of distal regulatory regions as well as dramatic reorganization of super-enhancers. Such massive remodeling of the distal regulatory landscape in turn results in a transcriptome that confers a transient loss of neuronal identity and gain of cellular plasticity. Furthermore, NMDA receptor activity also induces many novel prosurvival genes that function in neuroprotective pathways. Taken together, these findings reveal the dynamics of the distal regulatory landscape during neurogenesis and uncover novel regulatory elements that function in concert with epigenetic mechanisms and transcription factors to generate the transcriptome underlying neuronal development and activity
Effect of Palonosetron in the Prevention of Spinal Anaesthesia-induced Hypotension and Bradycardia: A Randomised Controlled Trial
Introduction: Spinal Anaesthesia (SA) is frequently associated
with hypotension, which is due to sympathectomy causing
vasodilation, leading to relative hypovolemia. This decrease in
venous return to the heart causes a decrease in left ventricular
filling pressure, leading to the activation of the Bezold-Jarisch
Reflex (BJR), which causes bradycardia. This response is
mediated by mechanoreceptors and chemoreceptors present
on the heart walls. These chemoreceptors are mediated through
serotonin (5-HT). Therefore, the activation of 5-HT3 receptors at
sensory vagal nerve endings in the heart causes hypotension
and bradycardia.
Aim: To assess the efficacy of Palonosetron in attenuating spinal
anaesthesia-induced hypotension and bradycardia.
Materials and Methods: The trial was a parallel-design,
randomised, double-blind controlled trial conducted over two
years, from February 2021 to August 2022 in the Department of
Anaesthesiology, Kalinga Institution of Medical Sciences (KIMS),
Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India, among patients undergoing spinal
anaesthesia for various surgeries. The patients were divided into
two groups based on the type of medication received: Group APalonosetron group and Group B- the saline group. Computergenerated random number generator software was used for
randomisation. At a 1:1 ratio, 150 patients were chosen (75 in
each group). Baseline assessment of haemodynamic parameters
was performed, followed by continuous monitoring. The drug
was administered 10 minutes prior to spinal anaesthesia, and
the haemodynamic parameters (Heart Rate [HR], Systolic Blood
Pressure [SBP], Diastolic Blood Pressure [DBP], and Mean
Arterial Pressure [MAP]) were monitored. Continuous variables
are expressed as mean±Standard Deviation (SD). The Student’s
t-test was used to compare the difference between the two
groups, and categorical variables are expressed as frequency
and percentage, with comparisons done using the Chi-square
test. A p-value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results: The mean age of Group A and Group B was 40.88
and 42.14, respectively. Significant haemodynamic changes
(hypotension) were observed following induction in Group B
(28 [37.3%]) compared to Group A (9 [12%]). Consumption of
vasopressors and intravenous (i.v.) fluids was significantly higher
in Group B compared to Group A. The incidence of bradycardia in
Group A and Group B was 15 (20%) and 18 (24%), respectively.
Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting (PONV) in Group A and
Group B were 3 (4%) and 8 (10.7%), respectively.
Conclusion: Based on the present study, the prophylactic
administration of 0.075 mg Palonosetron 10 minutes before
subarachnoid block is effective in attenuating the incidence
of spinal anaesthesia-induced hypotension and bradycardia.
There is also decreased consumption of vasopressors and a
lower incidence of PONV.
FBXO32 promotes microenvironment underlying epithelial-mesenchymal transition via CtBP1 during tumour metastasis and brain development
Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) regulates both processes of organism development and changes in cell state causing disease. Here, the authors show that an E3 ubiquitin ligase, FBXO32, regulates EMT via CtBP1 and the transcriptional program, and also mediates cancer metastatic burden and neurogenesis