Linguagens de erotismo e dinheiro

This study analyzes the concept of money as a signifier suitable for all services. Money, which was invented in Ancient Greece, has become the center of capitalism. In its origins it was related to sacrificial rites and there has been an intrinsic relationship between money, body, sacrifice and masochism. It is thought as a representative of the drive engine offered by the society, as a fetish object that shutters all absence and as a vehicle of the Principle of Reality. The masochistic and sadistic fantasies about money are studied along the lines of David Maldavsky, who postulated that each language of eroticism has a set of specific fantasies that determine a particular ideological framework. Thus, money in its three modes of manifestation (drive, object and Principle of Reality) and traversed by the different drive languages, is thought differently according to the different drive settings and in each psychopathological structure. After that, there is describe the relationship between money and each language of erotism.En este trabajo se aborda el estudio del dinero pensándolo como un “significante apto para todo servicio”. El dinero, inventado en la Antigua Grecia, se ha convertido en el centro de la vida capitalista. En sus orígenes el dinero estuvo relacionado con los ritos sacrificiales y desde su origen hay una relación intrínseca entre dinero, cuerpo, sacrificio y masoquismo. Se piensa al dinero como representante del motor pulsional ofertado por esta sociedad, como objeto fetiche que obtura toda ausencia y como vehículo del Principio de Realidad. Se estudian las fantasías masoquistas y sádicas en torno al dinero siguiendo los lineamientos de David Maldavsky, quien postuló que cada lenguaje del erotismo posee un conjunto de fantasías específicas que determinan un entramado ideológico particular. Así, el dinero en sus tres modos de manifestación (pulsión, objeto y Principio de Realidad) y atravesado por los diferentes lenguajes pulsionales es pensado de un modo distinto según las diferentes fijaciones pulsionales y en cada estructura psicopatológica.  Se estudia el dinero a través de los distintos lenguajes del erótismo

Utility of clinical features with fine needle aspiration biopsy for diagnosis of Warthin tumor.

BACKGROUND:Conservative management of Warthin tumor (WT) may be a viable alternative to surgery, but there are concerns of missed malignancies on fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB). The purpose of this study is to measure the sensitivity and positive predictive value of FNAB for WT, and to identify clinical features associated with WT that can aid in this diagnosis. METHODS: Retrospective analysis of patients from January 1, 2006 to April 30, 2017 at a tertiary care center in London, Ontario, Canada. All patients with a diagnosis of WT on FNAB or resection were included. Electronic medical records were identified for 177 patients that fit the criteria. Study outcomes included the sensitivity and positive predictive value of FNAB alone for WT, and, when including clinical features associated with WT. RESULTS: The mean age of patients in this study was 63.2 years (SD 10.4); 115 (65%) were male, and 157 (89%) were past or present smokers. The measured sensitivity and positive predictive value of FNAB for WT were 95.8 and 97.2% respectively. Two cases were classified as WT on FNAB but confirmed at resection as mucoepidermoid carcinoma and acinic cell carcinoma. When only patients with multifocal, bilateral or incidental tumors were assessed, sensitivities and positive predictive values for each were 100%. Isolating for inferior pole location also resulted in a positive predictive value of 100%. CONCLUSIONS: The sensitivity and positive predictive value of FNAB for WT in this study are high, with two false negatives on FNAB. Multifocal, bilateral, incidentaloma and inferior pole location were identified as potential clinical features that may increase the diagnostic confidence for WT, strengthening the argument for conservative management in these patients. Overall, this study serves as an initial exploration into whether clinical features may be included with FNAB results to improve the sensitivity and positive predictive value of diagnosing WT. Further research is necessary before these findings can be translated into clinical practice

Rapid standardized operating rooms (RAPSTOR) in thyroid and parathyroid surgery

Objective: To evaluate the impact of a high efficiency rapid standardized OR (RAPSTOR) for hemithyroid/parathyroid surgery using standardized equipment sets (SES) and consecutive case scheduling (CCS) on turnover times (TOT), average case volumes, patient outcomes, hospital costs and OR efficiency/stress. Methods: Patients requiring hemithyroidectomy (primary or completion) or unilateral parathyroidectomy in a single surgeon’s practice were scheduled consecutively with SES. Retrospective control groups were classified as sequential (CS) or non-sequential (CNS). A survey regarding OR efficiency/stress was administered. Phenomenography and descriptive statistics were conducted for time points, cost and patient outcome variables. Hospital cost minimization analysis was performed. Results: The mean TOT of RAPSTOR procedures (16 min; n = 27) was not significantly different than CS (14 min, n = 14) or CNS (17 min, n = 6). Mean case number per hour was significantly increased in RAPSTOR (1.2) compared to both CS (0.9; p \u3c 0.05) and CNS (0.7; p \u3c 0.05). Average operative time was significantly reduced in RAPSTOR (32 min; n = 28) compared to CNS (48 min; p \u3c 0.05) but not CS (33 min; p = 0.06). Time to discharge was reduced in RAPSTOR (595 min) compared to CNS (1210 min, p \u3c 0.05). There was no difference in complication rate between all groups (p = 0.27). Survey responses suggested improved efficiency, teamwork and workflow. Furthermore, there is associated decrease in direct operative costs for RAPSTOR vs. CS. Conclusion: A high efficiency standardized OR for hemithyroid and parathyroid surgery using SES and CCS is associated with improved efficiency and, in this study, led to increased capacity at reduced cost without compromising patient safety. Level of evidence: Level 2. Graphical abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.

Delay in diagnosis of patients with head-and-neck cancer in Canada: impact of patient and provider delay.

Background: Head-and-neck cancers (hncs) often present at an advanced stage, leading to poor outcomes. Late presentation might be attributable to patient delays (reluctance to seek treatment, for instance) or provider delays (misdiagnosis, prolonged wait time for consultation, for example). The objective of the present study was to examine the length and cause of such delays in a Canadian universal health care setting. Methods: Patients presenting for the first time to the hnc multidisciplinary team (mdt) with a biopsy-proven hnc were recruited to this study. Patients completed a survey querying initial symptom presentation, their previous medical appointments, and length of time between appointments. Clinical and demographic data were collected for all patients. Results: The average time for patients to have their first appointment at the mdt clinic was 15.1 months, consisting of 3.9 months for patients to see a health care provider (hcp) for the first time since symptom onset and 10.7 months from first hcp appointment to the mdt clinic. Patients saw an average of 3 hcps before the mdt clinic visit (range: 1-7). No significant differences in time to presentation were found based on stage at presentation or anatomic site. Conclusions: At our tertiary care cancer centre, a patient\u27s clinical pathway to being seen at the mdt clinic shows significant delays, particularly in the time from the first hcp visit to mdt referral. Possible methods to mitigate delay include education about hnc for patients and providers alike, and a more streamlined referral system

Navigation-guided osteotomies improve margin delineation in tumors involving the sinonasal area: A preclinical study

Objectives: To demonstrate and quantify, in a preclinical setting, the benefit of three-dimensional (3D) navigation guidance for margin delineation during ablative open surgery for advanced sinonasal cancer. Materials and methods: Seven tumor models were created. 3D images were acquired with cone beam computed tomography, and 3D tumor segmentations were contoured. Eight surgeons with variable experience were recruited for the simulation of osteotomies. Three simulations were performed: 1) Unguided, 2) Guided using real-time tool tracking with 3D tumor segmentation (tumor-guided), and 3) Guided by 3D visualization of both the tumor and 1-cm margin segmentations (margin-guided). Analysis of cutting planes was performed and distance from the tumor surface was classified as follows: “intratumoral” when 0 mm or negative, “close” when greater than 0 mm and less than or equal to 5 mm, “adequate” when greater than 5 mm and less than or equal to 15 mm, and “excessive” over 15 mm. The three techniques (unguided, tumor-guided, margin-guided) were statistically compared. Results: The use of 3D navigation for margin delineation significantly improved control of margins: unguided cuts had 18.1% intratumoral cuts compared to 0% intratumoral cuts with 3D navigation (p < 0.0001). Conclusion: This preclinical study has demonstrated the significant benefit of navigation-guided osteotomies for sinonasal tumors. Translation into the clinical setting – with rigorous assessment of oncological outcomes – would be the proposed next step

Mutational analysis of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma stratified by smoking status.

Smoking has historically been recognized as a negative prognostic factor in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). This study aimed to assess the mutational differences between heavy smokers (\u3e20 pack years) and never smokers among the HNSCC patients within The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Single nucleotide variation and copy number aberration differences between heavy smokers and never smokers were compared within human papillomavirus-positive (HPV-positive) (n = 67) and HPV-negative (n = 431) TCGA cohorts with HNSCC, and the impact of these mutations on survival were assessed. No genes were differentially mutated between smoking and never-smoking patients with HPV-positive tumors. By contrast, in HPV-negative tumors, NSD1 and COL1A11 were found to be more frequently mutated in heavy smokers, while CASP8 was more frequently altered in never smokers. HPV-negative patients with NSD1 mutations experienced significantly improved overall survival compared with NSD1 WT patients. This improved prognosis was validated in an independent cohort of 77 oral cavity cancer patients and a meta-analysis that included 2 additional data sets (688 total patients, hazard ratio for death 0.44, 95% CI, 0.30-0.65). NSD1 mutations are more common in HPV-negative heavy smokers, define a cohort with favorable prognosis, and may represent a clinically useful biomarker to guide treatment deintensification for HPV-negative patients

Applications of intraoperative angiography in head and neck reconstruction

Laser-assisted angiography with indocyanine green (LAIG) allows objective intraoperative evaluation of tissue vascularity. We endeavored to describe our experience with this technique in the head and neck region

Comparing Contour Restoration of Mandibular Body Defects With Fibula, Iliac Crest, and Scapular Tip Flaps: A Conformance Virtual Study

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine which of the most commonly used flaps restore contour more accurately in mandibular body reconstructions using conformance analyses and virtual measurements. Methods: Using normal computed tomography (CT) scans and a 3D software, mandibular body defects were virtually created. “Single shot” and osteotomized fibula flaps (SS-FF and O-FF), iliac crest flaps (ICF) and scapular tip flaps (STF) were digitally harvested and coregistered to reconstruct those defects. Conformance analyses were performed by calculating the root mean square (RMS) for overall and contour conformance. Results: Ten patients normal CT scans were included. The STF demonstrated improved overall conformance compared with the ICF, the SS-FF and the O-FF (RMS = 2.03 mm vs 4.53 mm vs 2.76 vs 2.37 mm, respectively; p<.001). Similar trends were seen for contour conformance in STF compared with the ICF and the SS-FF (RMS = 2.48 mm vs 4.50 mm vs 3.28 mm, respectively), whereas the O-FF performed better than STF (RMS = 1.85 mm vs 2.48 mm; p<.001). Conclusions: The osseous component of the STF resembles the mandibular body more accurately than the one in the ICF and FF without the need for an osteotomy. Future clinical studies can help to elucidate the clinical impact of these virtual findings