Unzipping of Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were first brought to the attention of greater scientific community by S. Ljima of Japan in 1991. CNTs are members of the fullerene (C60) structural family. Their name is derived from their long and hollow structures with the walls formed by one atom thick sheets of carbon, called graphene. This graphene is a two-dimensional (2D) material exhibits exceptionally high crystal and electronic quality. Despite its short history it has already revealed a cornucopia of new physics and potential applications due to high charge carrier mobility, exceptional mechanical and electrical properties. However the low cost, good quality graphene synthesis is a big challenge to the science society. In this report I will describe the fabrication of graphene nanoribbons from carbon nanotubes (CNT) treated with potassium permanganate in a concentrated sulphuric acid solution reported by Dmitry V. Kosynkin and Amanda L. Higginboth in nature paper Vol. 458| 16 April 2009, doi:10.1038/nature07872

Financial Inclusion in India: An Empirical Study of Unorganized Sector in Gujarat

The Indian economy being one of the emerging economies among the twenty global traders with annual growth rate projected at 7.4% for the year 2014-15 as compared to 6.9% growth in the fiscal year 2013-14.With second largest population in world and third largest purchasing power parity India suffers from socio cultural issues such as poverty and unemployment. The major question here is on sustainable growth of the nation. An easy and affordable access to financial and banking services accounts for the financial inclusion particularly for the lower and vulnerable sections of the society. More the people earn more they invest and save more. In order to address the sate of inequality it is essential to give major priority for achieving 100 per cent or near to 100% Financial Inclusion. Gujarat being a rapidly growing state contributing 10% to India’s GDP despite efficient growth it lags behind in Financial Inclusion .The paper on Financial Inclusion in India: An empirical study of unorganized sector aims to do an in depth research in order to reason out for the unaccounted un-organized sector of the state. Unorganized sector refers to the people who drive their economic activities on daily basis by unregistered business firms or self employment. Dealing with primary data on Different parameters of Financial Inclusion pertaining to unorganized sector of Gujarat state and a regression model namely Logit Model is estimated to examine the relationship of Financial Inclusion parameter on various determining variables. Research work is on-going; we expect that Gujarat government has to focus on more spread of awareness among people of Gujarat who are not able to avail economic growth benefits equally despite an excellent performance in HDI, per capita GNI and other economic development parameters

Foreign Direct Investment and Labour: The Case of Indian Manufacturing

This paper makes an attempt to evaluate the employment and wage effects of FDI in Indian manufacturing. The findings suggest that foreign firms do not have any adverse effects on the manufacturing employment in India as compared to their domestic counterparts while they significantly pay relatively higher to their workers. Therefore this study tends to imply that labour in fact had benefited from foreign investment in India.FDI; Labour; Wages; Employment

Carp edema virus in ornamental fish farming in India: A potential threat to koi carps but not to co-cultured Indian major carp or goldfish

254-262Koi sleepy disease caused by carp edema virus (CEV) of pox virus is a potential carp killer and poses a constant threat to co-cultured fish. Only limited studies are available on its occurrence from the eastern part of India. Here, we report a large-scale mortality of koi carps (Cyprinuscarpio koi)in ornamental fish farm of Choudwar, Cuttack, Odisha. The fish showed clinical signs of ulcers on body, patchy haemorrhages, massive necrosis of gills, and observed sleeping at the bottom of tanks before death. However, the goldfish maintained in the same tanks did not show any clinical signs or mortality. We noticed Trichodina infestation in the gills of affected animals and secondary bacterium Aeromonashydrophila in kidney tissue. The gills, liver and kidneys of koi carp were found positive for carp edema virus (CEV) (Poxviridae) in PCR followed by sequencing and blast search, and phylogenetic analysis. The damages to the gills and kidney along with the presence of intracytoplasmic eosinophilic inclusions in gill epithelial cells upon histopathology suggested viral association. Experimental challenge with CEV failed to reproduce the disease in Indian major carp and goldfish, the commonly co-cultured fish species with koi carp, though, the disease was reproduced in koi carp. To our best knowledge, it is the first report of CEV infection from the farm of the eastern part of the country. Another mortality incidence in ornamental shop retailer in the same locality also revealed the presence of CEV in koi carp and pointed possibly towards its wide spread. Observations from this study suggest the need for CEV disease surveillance in the country

Carp edema virus in ornamental fish farming in India: A potential threat to koi carps but not to co-cultured Indian major carp or goldfish

254-262Koi sleepy disease caused by carp edema virus (CEV) of pox virus is a potential carp killer and poses a constant threat to co-cultured fish. Only limited studies are available on its occurrence from the eastern part of India. Here, we report a large-scale mortality of koi carps (Cyprinuscarpio koi)in ornamental fish farm of Choudwar, Cuttack, Odisha. The fish showed clinical signs of ulcers on body, patchy haemorrhages, massive necrosis of gills, and observed sleeping at the bottom of tanks before death. However, the goldfish maintained in the same tanks did not show any clinical signs or mortality. We noticed Trichodina infestation in the gills of affected animals and secondary bacterium Aeromonashydrophila in kidney tissue. The gills, liver and kidneys of koi carp were found positive for carp edema virus (CEV) (Poxviridae) in PCR followed by sequencing and blast search, and phylogenetic analysis. The damages to the gills and kidney along with the presence of intracytoplasmic eosinophilic inclusions in gill epithelial cells upon histopathology suggested viral association. Experimental challenge with CEV failed to reproduce the disease in Indian major carp and goldfish, the commonly co-cultured fish species with koi carp, though, the disease was reproduced in koi carp. To our best knowledge, it is the first report of CEV infection from the farm of the eastern part of the country. Another mortality incidence in ornamental shop retailer in the same locality also revealed the presence of CEV in koi carp and pointed possibly towards its wide spread. Observations from this study suggest the need for CEV disease surveillance in the country

A rare case of acute osteomyelitis in a 13-year-old with physeal involvement

Osteomyelitis of epiphyses in adolescents is a rare finding. We evaluate one such case in which high degree of clinical suspicion and prompt surgical intervention yielded good functional results. This is a case report of 13-year-old girl diagnosed with osteomyelitis of right knee. MRI is suggestive of physeal involvement. Physeal involvement makes the management very challenging. Surgical intervention was planned to reduce bacterial load and minimize possibility of damage to knee joint (articular cartilage and joint capsule). Lateral and posterior compartment of leg was decompressed, fibular osteotomy done, drilling in tibial epiphyseal and metaphyseal region of tibia done avoiding any injury to growth plate. Pus for culture and sensitivity and specific antibiotics started with monitoring of blood parameters for infection like ESR, CRP, TLC. Patient taken up for second debridement after one week of index surgery. After 6 weeks of intravenous antibiotic patient discharged in afebrile state with reduced values of blood parameters and acceptable range of knee movement. Lower extremity functional scoring (LEFS) of 45/80 i. e., 56.83 % at the end of 4 months. Good functional outcome at the end of 1 year. Early clinical suspicion with prompt investigation, surgical and medical management gives promising result

Foreign Direct Investment and Labour: The Case of Indian Manufacturing

This paper makes an attempt to evaluate the employment and wage effects of FDI in Indian manufacturing. The findings suggest that foreign firms do not have any adverse effects on the manufacturing employment in India as compared to their domestic counterparts while they significantly pay relatively higher to their workers. Therefore this study tends to imply that labour in fact had benefited from foreign investment in India

Finite Element Modelling of Composite Rotor-Shaft-System

The objective while manufacturing various machinery or automobile parts is usually to make components of high strength and durability along with less weight or density. Generally composite materials are preferred as compared to single material for high performance. Composite consists of two or more material having same or different physical and chemical properties. One of the materials serves as matrix holding together the other material embedded in it which provides the reinforcement in the form of fibres. Glass epoxy materials are generally used for its sustainability under heavy electrical and mechanical stresses under high temperature operating conditions. In this project, various type of rotor-shaft system with bearings is used having unbalance in rotor to study and compare better performance between composite and single material under transient analysis. The material property was set to orthotropic and isotropic for composite and single material respectively. E-Glass/Epoxy and steel are used as composite and single material respectively for the analysis. The study uses ANSYS-13 software for developing finite element model of the rotor-shaft system. The element type for shaft, disk rotor and bearing were defined as beam188, mass21 and combin14 respectively. The shafts were defined as solid and hollow by calculating the mass moment of inertia and polar moment of inertia accordingly. Based on these models, analyses were carried out to obtain a more stable rotor-shaft system. Graphs for bending stress vs. time and displacement vs. time were studied for each case